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Financial and non-financial disclosure in a family business context
Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration. Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre for Family Entrepreneurship and Ownership (CeFEO).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2256-3624
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This dissertation examines how top executives, board members, and owners (the firm’s strategic apex) shape and use financial and non-financial disclosures, as well as the reasons underlying these strategic accounting decisions. Empirically, this is explored in the context of a financially distressed family-owned media company. The organisation communicates with its stakeholders through mandatory and voluntary reports. The recipients of the disclosed financial and non-financial information are stakeholders of varying sophistication and importance who have the ability to sanction the organisation and provide feedback to individuals, coalitions, and the organisation as a whole. Using a multi-level theoretical framework, the dissertation considers legitimacy and stigma as constraints that key individuals and coalitions must navigate when formulating disclosure strategies and tactics. Drawing on attribution theory and framing, it examines why specific content, language, and tone are chosen in disclosures, and how individuals and coalitions strategically design and use financial and non-financial disclosures to influence stakeholders.

This dissertation comprises three research papers, each employing distinct methodological and analytical approaches. The first paper conducts a systematic literature review to map and explore the role of the principal accounting officer (i.e., the accountant) in strategic accounting decisions. The second paper investigates the decision-making processes of the strategic apex when formulating a disclosure strategy during a period of financial distress. It provides an in-depth analysis of who is involved, the rationale for their involvement, how decisions are made, and the link between disclosure strategies and specific disclosure tactics. It also examines the role of stakeholder feedback on these strategic accounting decisions. The third paper examines both the use of, and the content, language, and tone of, financial and non-financial disclosures in both mandatory and voluntary reports.

This dissertation contributes to accounting research on financial and non-financial reporting decisions by revealing how and why individuals, powerful coalitions, and different stakeholder groups influence strategic accounting decisions regarding how, when, and why information is disclosed. It enhances our understanding of stakeholders’ information needs, motives, and their ability to sanction organisations, showing how framing and attributions can shape stakeholder perceptions, public opinion, and an organisation’s social position. Finally, this dissertation advances the discussion on accounting-related issues in the family business context by highlighting the role and influence of individual actors in strategic accounting decisions, providing valuable insights into the disclosure practices of family firms.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling undersöker hur ledande befattningshavare, styrelseledamöter och ägare (strategic apex) utformar och använder finansiella och icke-finansiella rapporter, samt deras bevekelsegrunder för dessa strategiska redovisningsbeslut. Empiriskt undersöks detta i ett familjeägt medieföretag som befann sig i en finansiell kris under den undersökta tidsperioden.

I denna avhandling ingår tre forskningsartiklar som genomförts med olika metodologiska och analytiska angreppssätt. Den första artikeln är en systematisk litteraturöversikt som syftar till att kartlägga och utforska den redovisningsansvariges roll i strategiska redovisningsbeslut. I den andra artikeln undersöks beslutsprocesserna relaterade till rapporteringsstrategier. Artikeln undersöker vem som är involverad i processerna och varför, hur besluten fattas, samt hur rapporteringsstrategier och taktiker sammanfogas och nyttjas. Vidare undersöks intressenternas feedback och dess roll i dessa strategiska redovisningsbeslut. I den tredje artikeln undersöks användningen av, samt innehåll, språk och ton, i lagstadgade och frivilliga rapporter.

Denna avhandling bidrar till redovisningsforskningen om beslutsfattande avseende finansiell och icke-finansiell rapportering genom att belysa hur ledande befattnings-havare, styrelseledamöter och ägare påverkar strategiska redovisningsbeslut. Vidare bidrar avhandlingen till förståelsen av intressenters informationsbehov, bevekelsegrunder för beslut och deras förmåga samt möjlighet att påverka strategiska redovisningsbeslut. Avhandlingen visar också att organisationer kan påverka intressenters åsikter och beteenden samt organisationens samhälleliga ställning genom att använda sig av attributioner och inramning (framing) i sina lagstadgade och frivilliga rapporter. Därtill förs diskussionen om redovisningsrelaterade frågor i familjeägda företag framåt genom att belysa specifika aktörers inflytande över strategiska redovisningsbeslut.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University , 2025. , p. 78
Series
JIBS Dissertation Series, ISSN 1403-0470 ; 171
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-67341ISBN: 978-91-7914-058-8 (print)ISBN: 978-91-7914-059-5 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-67341DiVA, id: diva2:1939299
Public defence
2025-03-14, B1014, Jönköping International Business School (JIBS), Jönköping, 12:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-02-21 Created: 2025-02-21 Last updated: 2025-02-21Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Accountants in family firms: a systematic literature review
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Accountants in family firms: a systematic literature review
2023 (English)In: Small Business Economics, ISSN 0921-898X, E-ISSN 1573-0913, Vol. 61, p. 349-388Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The purpose of this article is to review the body of the literature on the role of individual accountants in the context of family firms, synthesize the findings, outline directions for future research, and to present an integrative framework that summarizes these directions. The study utilizes a systematic literature review approach and is guided by three overarching questions related to the field's development, a reflection on current state-of-the-art research, and an outlook for the field's future paths. The questions are answered through the mapping and analysis of 39 key articles over a 20-year period. We show central patterns in theory, data, methods, and findings. Our review reveals that the literature is scattered, and that the role of accountants is found to be context dependent. In existing research, an accountant tends to have the roles of a traditional bean counter, a decision-maker, an advisor, and a protector and mediator. Scholars also show that an accountant influences various organizational outcomes in family firms. The review further reveals that accountants can play a key role in accounting- and strategy-related decisions with impact on family firm's survival and growth. We offer a map of the research on accountants in family firms and an integrative framework. This work does not only highlight the importance of an accountant's role in family firms but it also allows us to identify numerous research gaps and a pathway for future research in terms of methods, theories, and models.

Plain English Summary: This systematic literature review puts a spotlight on the role of the individual accountant in family firms. Our review reveals that accountants take four distinct roles in family firms: a traditional bean counter, a decision-maker, an advisor, and a protector and mediator. Our review further shows that accountants play a key role in accounting and strategy-related decisions of consequence for family firms. We also outline areas where additional research efforts can help to generate a better understanding of how, when, and why individual accountants, in addition to their accounting function, matter for the family firms that employ them. The principal implication of this study is that research should embark on further exploration of the individual accountant in the family firm context and employ diverse methods and theories in doing so.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2023
Keywords
Accountant, Accounting, Family firm, Family ownership, Role, Systematic literature review
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-58705 (URN)10.1007/s11187-022-00693-8 (DOI)000866310700002 ()2-s2.0-85139673924 (Scopus ID)HOA;;839098 (Local ID)HOA;;839098 (Archive number)HOA;;839098 (OAI)
Available from: 2022-10-26 Created: 2022-10-26 Last updated: 2025-02-21Bibliographically approved
2. The role of the strategic apex in shaping the disclosure strategy: A family firm in crisis
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The role of the strategic apex in shaping the disclosure strategy: A family firm in crisis
2024 (English)In: The British Accounting Review, ISSN 0890-8389, E-ISSN 1095-8347, Vol. 56, no 3, article id 101302Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study draws on attribution theory to examine how and by what means the firm's top management team, board members, and owner(s) (i.e., the strategic apex) shape disclosure strategies. Drawing on interviews and archival data spanning six years, we conduct a case study of a financially distressed private family-owned media group. Unique access to these data allowed us to peer into the disclosure strategy formation process that typically takes place behind closed doors in private firms. Our findings show that financial distress preceded the formation of the disclosure strategy and the voluntary disclosure practices designed to satisfy financially powerful stakeholders, and that internal whistleblowers act as a low-cost disclosure tool to inform financially weaker stakeholders. In addition, the development of the disclosure strategy is strongly influenced by the strategic apex, which forms collaborative teams, organises stakeholders and their information needs, and meticulously manages and controls the content and timing of voluntary disclosures. Our findings also suggest that a tightly knit disclosure strategy and voluntary disclosure practices are used to influence rather than inform, to manage stakeholder interactions, and to influence public opinion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
Keywords
Accounting, Disclosure strategy, Family ownership, Reporting, Strategic apex
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-63362 (URN)10.1016/j.bar.2023.101302 (DOI)001246130300001 ()2-s2.0-85181671344 (Scopus ID)HOA;;928233 (Local ID)HOA;;928233 (Archive number)HOA;;928233 (OAI)
Available from: 2024-01-16 Created: 2024-01-16 Last updated: 2025-02-21Bibliographically approved

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Sandgren, Mattias

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