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International trade, global value chains and sustainable development
Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Economics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4885-0971
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Sustainable development
00. Sustainable Development, 9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure, 5. Gender equality
Abstract [en]

This thesis consists of three articles that explore the challenges of international trade, focusing on environmental (article 1), social (article 2), and macroeconomic considerations (article 3). Articles 1 and 3 delve deeper into the complexities of international trade due to globalization. Articles 1 and 2 address how international trade interacts with crucial aspects of sustainable development, namely carbon pricing and gender equality. Overall the thesis dives into sectoral heterogenities and highlights the need for policies that consider sectoral aspects due to the distinct characteristics of each sector.

The first article examines the impact of carbon pricing on carbon leakage which is a counteractive mechanism for the effectiveness of carbon pricing. The study confirms that fuel excise taxes, rather than carbon taxes or emission trading schemes, are the primary drivers of carbon leakage. Structural gravity estimates show that carbon pricing based on carbon taxes and emission trading schemes (ETS) does not cause carbon leakage, but fuel excise taxes and ETS exemptions have a significant impact. This finding is supported when looking at carbon prices in different sectors. Thus, policymakers should consider adjusting fuel excise taxes accordingly.

The second article delves into the effectiveness of anti-discrimination references in trade agreements on promoting gender equality in developing countries. The research demonstrates that the location and language of these references significantly influence their impact. The results indicate that such references are more likely to improve gender-related labor conditions when they appear in legally binding sections and are associated with hard modal verbs like “shall” or “should”, in contrast to those that appear in aspirational sections and are associated with softer modal verbs like “may” or “might”. Furthermore, the results highlight a significant effect of these references in the agriculture sector, which hosts most of the female labor force in developing countries.

Finally, the third article investigates the non-linear relationship between exchange rates and industrial production in various sectors of the U.S. economy. Employing a non-linear autoregressive distributed lags model, the research reveals short-run and long-run non-linear effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the production of non-energy materials, durable manufacturing, consumer goods, and business equipment. These findings underscore the role of import contents of exports on sectoral production.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling består av tre artiklar som utforskar utmaningarna med internationell handel, med fokus på miljö (artikel 1), social hänsyn (artikel 2) och makroekonomisk hänsyn (artikel 3). Artiklarna 1 och 3 fördjupar sig i globaliseringens inverkan på internationell handel. Artiklarna 1 och 2 behandlar hur internationell handel samverkar med avgörande aspekter av hållbar utveckling, nämligen koldioxidprissättning och jämställdhet. Sammantaget fokuserar avhandlingen på sektoriella heterogeniteter och belyser behovet av policys som beaktar sektoriella aspekter på grund av varje sektors distinkta egenskaper.

Den första artikeln undersöker effekten av koldioxidprissättning på koldioxidläckage, vilket är en motverkande mekanism för effektiviteten av koldioxidprissättning. Studien bekräftar att bränsleskatter, snarare än koldioxidskatter eller system för handel med utsläppsrätter, är de primära drivkrafterna för koldioxidläckage. Strukturella gravitationsmodellsuppskattningar visar att koldioxidprissättning baserad på koldioxidskatter och system för handel med utsläppsrätter (ETS) inte orsakar koldioxidläckage, men att bränsleskatter och undantag från ETS har en betydande inverkan. Dessa resultat stöds när man tittar på koldioxidpriser i olika sektorer. Politiker bör därmed överväga att anpassa bränsleskatterna i enlighet med dessa slutsatser.

Den andra artikeln fördjupar sig i effektiviteten av antidiskrimineringsreferenser i handelsavtal för att främja jämställdhet i utvecklingsländer. Forskningen visar att platsen och språket för dessa referenser har stor betydelse för deras inverkan. Resultaten indikerar att könsrelaterade arbetsvillkor förbättras när referenserna förekommer i juridiskt bindande avsnitt och är förknippade med starka modala verb som “ska” eller “bör”, i motsats till de som förekommer i aspirerande avsnitt och är förknippade med mjukare modala verb som “kan” eller “möjligtvis”. Dessutom visar resultaten en betydande effekt av dessa referenser i jordbrukssektorn, som sysselsätter merparten av den kvinnliga arbetskraften i utvecklingsländer.

Slutligen undersöker den tredje artikeln det icke-linjära sambandet mellan växelkurser och industriell produktion i olika sektorer i USA. Genom att använda en icke-linjär ARDL-modell, avslöjar forskningen kortsiktiga och långsiktiga icke-linjära effekter av växelkursfluktuationer på produktionen av icke-energimaterial, tillverkningen av varaktiga varor, konsumentvaror och företagsutrustning. Dessa fynd understryker den roll som importerade insatsvaror i exporten spelar för sektoriell produktion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School , 2024. , p. 25
Series
JIBS Dissertation Series, ISSN 1403-0470 ; 164
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-65978ISBN: 978-91-7914-042-7 (print)ISBN: 978-91-7914-043-4 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-65978DiVA, id: diva2:1889896
Public defence
2024-09-06, B1014, Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-08-16 Created: 2024-08-16 Last updated: 2024-08-16Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. An input-output examination of carbon leakage
Open this publication in new window or tab >>An input-output examination of carbon leakage
2019 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Carbone missions drive climate change, and failure to reduce these emissions could lead to disastrous consequences. Countries impose carbon pricing as an instrument to reduce carbone missions. However, carbon leakage is a counteractive mechanism where countries with higher carbone mission prices may see their sectors outsource production to countries with lower prices or lose competitiveness and market share to foreign companies with lower production costs. This study confirms that fuel excise taxes are the leading channel of carbon leakage. Structural gravity estimates show that carbon pricing based on carbon taxes and emission trading schemes (ETS) does not cause carbon leakage, but fuel excise taxes and ETS exemptions have a significant impact. This finding is supported when looking at carbon prices in different sectors. Thus, policymakers should consider adjusting fuel excise taxes accordingly.

National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-65976 (URN)
Available from: 2024-08-16 Created: 2024-08-16 Last updated: 2024-08-16
2. Pacts and parity: Impact of trade agreements on gender equality through textual references
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Pacts and parity: Impact of trade agreements on gender equality through textual references
2019 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This article examines the impact of anti-discrimination references in trade agreements on gender equality measures in developing countries. The study analyzes 279 trade agreements signed between 1958 and 2015, together with their related documents, to examine how the location and language of these references affect their enforceability and impact. Two types of references that aim to support gender equality are analyzed. They differ in their location within the documents and the language used. The results indicate that such references are more likely to improve gender-related labor conditions when they appear in legally binding sections and are associated with hard modal verbs like “shall” or “should”, in contrast to those that appear in aspirational sections and are associated with softer modal verbs like “may” or “might”. Furthermore, the results highlight a significant effect of these references in the agriculture sector, which hosts most of the female labor force in developing countries.

National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-65977 (URN)
Available from: 2024-08-16 Created: 2024-08-16 Last updated: 2024-08-16
3. Non-linear impact of exchange rate changes on U.S. industrial production
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Non-linear impact of exchange rate changes on U.S. industrial production
2024 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This paper contributes to the literature on the nexus between production and exchange rates in the United States (U.S.) by considering the effects of non-linear adjustments of exchange rates on industrial production in several sectors of the U.S. economy. A Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) model, built upon the Solow model, is employed. It is shown that a non-linear relationship exists between these two variables in some of the U.S. sectors. Short-run non-linear effects of the exchange rate on the production of non-energy materials, durable manufacturing, consumer goods, and business equipment are documented. These short-run effects persist into the long-run for all these sectors. While exchange rate changes have short-run linear effects on electricity production in the U.S., no effects of exchange rate movements are found on the production of mining and energy materials. The existence of non-linearities, considering the import content of exports, supports the hypothesis and conclusions. Further, the factors that influence demand provide justifications for the results.

Keywords
Exchange rates, Production, Non-linear ARDL, Asymmetries
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-65975 (URN)
Note

This is a revised and extended version of the published article in the Journal of Economic Structure (https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-019-0172-0) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Available from: 2024-08-16 Created: 2024-08-16 Last updated: 2024-08-16Bibliographically approved

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