Predictive maintenance has become essential in modern manufacturing, aiming to prevent costlyand potentially hazardous equipment failures. Traditional maintenance strategies are increasingly beingreplaced by AI-driven predictive models. However, despite their accuracy, many of these modelsoperate as black boxes, offering limited insight into their decision-making processes and thereby undermininguser trust. This study proposes a novel framework that combines Explainable AI (XAI) andUncertainty Quantification (UQ) to enhance both the interpretability and trustworthiness of multi-classfailure predictions. We extend the Venn–Abers-based Calibrated Explanations (CE) method to improveits support for multi-class classification. The framework is evaluated using four industrial datasets andbenchmarked against established models and explanation techniques, including SHapley Additive ex-Planations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME). A Gated RecurrentUnit (GRU) model was selected for its effectiveness in handling temporal data and consistently outperformedtraditional machine learning models across several classification evaluation metrics. Surprisingly,calibration techniques such as Platt Scaling, Isotonic Regression, and Venn–Abers did notreliably calibrate the GRU’s probabilistic outputs, suggesting that deep learning models may exhibitinherent calibration in certain contexts. The extended CE method provided the most robust and stableexplanations, outperforming SHAP and LIME in variance-based evaluation metrics. A within-subjectsurvey involving 22 participants with engineering backgrounds showed that explanations combiningprediction probabilities, feature importance, and uncertainty led to higher trust ratings and more informeddecision-making. Participants preferred CE-based explanations and exhibited greater confidenceand contextual awareness in their decisions, particularly when faced with trade-offs betweenproduction costs and failure risks.

This thesis investigates how retention and memorability influence the perceived effectiveness of paid advertisements for small Swedish businesses on Instagram Reels. As small Swedish companies often lack the financial resources compared to larger corporations, it is crucial to understand which factors make advertisements more impactful in fast-paced, algorithm-driven environments.

Instagram Reels has rapidly become one of the largest platforms for fast-paced videos, showing us the relevance of where to focus our study. This study identifies the content-related elements that affect retention and memorability in paid Reels advertisements through a mixed-method approach consisting of usability testing, semi-structured interviews, and an exploratory industry survey.

This analysis is based on four theoretical frameworks: the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), Limited Capacity Model (LC4MP), Nudge Theory, and Attention Economy Theory. These models help to explain how users process short-form ads cognitively and emotionally.

The results show a weak correlation between longer retention and higher memorability. Instead, elements such as strong visuals, storytelling, sound design, and personal relevance had a more considerable impact on which ads were remembered. These findings suggest that for small businesses to improve effectiveness on Instagram Reels, they should focus on creating emotionally engaging, visually unique, and relevant content for their target audience.

The introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly transformed Natural LanguageProcessing (NLP) applications by enabling more advanced analysis of customer personas. At VolvoConstruction Equipment (VCE), customer personas are traditionally developed through qualitativemethods, which are time-consuming and lack scalability. The main objective of this research is to generate synthetic customer personas and integrate them into a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)chatbot to support decision-making in business processes. The study utilizes the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) in three iterative cycles. The first iteration focuses on developing apersona-based RAG chatbot integrated with verified personas. In the second iteration, synthetic personas were generated using Few-Shot and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting techniques and evaluated based on completeness, relevance, and consistency using McNemar’s test. In the final iteration,the chatbot knowledge base is augmented with synthetic personas and additional segment informationto assess improvements in response accuracy and practical utility. Key findings indicate that Few-Shotprompting outperformed CoT in generating more complete personas, while CoT demonstrated greaterefficiency in terms of response time and token usage. After augmenting the knowledge base, the average accuracy rating of the chatbot increased from 5.88 to 6.42 on a 10-point scale, and 81.82% ofparticipants found the updated system useful in business contexts.

Läsning av skönlitteratur har på senare tid uppmärksammats då elever i grundskolan läser allt mindre. I kursplanen framgår det att svenskläraren ska främja ett läsintresse men inte hur de ska gå tillväga. Den stora friheten i tolkningen av styrdokumenten kan upplevas utmanande för lärare, men skapar samtidigt möjligheter att anpassa undervisningen utifrån olika läsfrämjande metoder och elevernas individuella förutsättningar. Litteraturstudiens syfte är att undersöka vad som påverkar lärares bokval i skönlitteraturundervisning samt metoder och förutsättningar för att skapa en effektiv läsfrämjande undervisning som främjar elevers läsintresse. Nationella och internationella vetenskapliga källor har analyserats tematiskt och sammanställt en bild av ämnesområdet. Internationella studier har använts i relation till litteraturstudiens syfte och forskningsfrågor. Resultatet tydliggör att lärarens bokval påverkas av lärarens kompetenser och erfarenheter, styrdokument och litterära teman. Litteraturstudiens resultat lyfter metoder som elevers valmöjligheter, bokdiskussioner, högläsning, reading teacher (RT) och belöningssystem som centrala i ett läsfrämjande arbete. Även förutsättningar såsom tillgång till böcker, stödjande klassrumsmiljö för individuell läsning framhålls. Centrala slutsatser är att lärarens kompetens och didaktiska val är avgörande för att kunna tillämpa och skapa gynnsamma metoder och villkor.

Tallinjen fungerar som ett hjälpmedel för att visuellt representera tal och kan spela en viktig roll i att utveckla elevers taluppfattning. Eftersom en stark taluppfattning är avgörande inom matematikundervisningen, är det intressant att utforska hur användningen av tallinjen kan främja utvecklingen av elevers taluppfattning. Litteraturstudien syftar till att belysa tallinjens betydelse för yngre elevers taluppfattning, med särskild uppmärksamhet på den tomma och den strukturerade tallinjen. För att besvara syftet har en systematisk litteratursökning genomförts där tio vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderats. Artiklarna har valts ut och analyserats utifrån teman som berör positiva aspekter och utmaningar samt hur tallinjen används som verktyg i undervisningen. Resultatet visar att tallinjen kan vara ett effektivt verktyg för att utveckla elevers taluppfattning och förståelse för talrelationer, särskilt när den används för att synliggöra räknestrategier. Dess effektivitet är dock varierande beroende på hur den används i undervisningen. Studier betonar vikten av att läraren fokuserar på tallinjens linjäritet, inte bara kardinalitet samt att strategier verbaliseras och visualiseras för att stärka kopplingen mellan konkreta och abstrakta begrepp. Utmaningar uppstår när tallinjen används mekaniskt eller utan tydlig vägledning. Studien betonar därför vikten av att anpassa undervisningen och att använda tallinjen på ett genomtänkt sätt för att stödja elevers matematiska förståelse på bästa sätt. 

Purpose: This thesis investigates the use of scenario-based simulation to improve the performance of an automated manufacturing cell. By virtually testing a range of layout configurations and operational scenarios, the study identifies performance trade-offs and supports data-driven decision-making for system optimization. The investigation specifically focuses on the contributions of automation to production performance, the benefits of simulation in manufacturing, and the role of scenario-based simulation in optimizing layout design.

Method: A single-case study methodology was applied, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data. Operational insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews, time studies, and direct observations. These inputs supported the development of two simulation models: a discrete-event model and a visual 3D model. Both models were validated against observed system behavior and used to test layout and process configurations across defined scenarios, measuring performance indicators such as throughput, cycle time, and resource utilization.

Findings: Automation enhanced efficiency and consistency, but challenges like complexity and skill gaps were identified. Simulation revealed material flow as the main constraint, with layout changes improving performance more than speed increases. Scenario modeling supported effective decision-making and highlighted non-obvious improvements.

Implications: The findings demonstrate that simulation is a valuable decision-support tool for evaluating automation systems. Scenario-based testing enables efficient experimentation without disrupting real operations, offering cost-effective insights for production planning and layout design. For organizations to fully benefit, investments in simulation capabilities and skill development are essential. The study contributes both practical insights for industry and methodological guidance for future research in production optimization. 

Limitations: The study focused on one machine cell and tested a limited number of scenarios. It excluded broader system factors and was not validated with live data. These constraints limit generalizability and suggest the need for further research. 

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the process of creating a reliable mechanical audio anomaly detection system, thus contributing to research regarding how to shape the system into rendering reliable results with a low quantity of training data. The aim is to research how the performance of said system change depending on both the quantity and the type of training data provided.

To fulfill the purpose, both a prestudy and a experiment was conducted. The prestudy’s aim was to investigate audio features and determine which features were suitable for use in a mechanical audio anomaly detection system. The experiment consisted of a evaluation of the system, where it was trained on data of varying type and quantity. The data was collected from automatic gates provided by the company ITAB.

The feature prestudy investigated 27 feature values where 12 were determined to be valuable for the system. The experiment showed that the developed system performed with great accuracy. There was generally a lower accuracy when the system was trained with a low quantity of data, however it rapidly improved and the accuracy reaches to about 95 percent between 35-50 training samples.

In regards to the given results, the authors conclude that a reliable1 audio anomaly detection system has been created. The authors can also conclude that the type of training data, in this use case, do not greatly affect the performance of the systems, thus rendering viable even without prior knowledge regarding faults in the mechanical system.

This thesis presents the development of an ergonomic risk classification model usingInertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor data, aimed at improving workplace safety inphysically demanding environments, with a focus on forestry operations. A subset ofpreviously collected IMU data was analyzed to identify bending angle patterns andposture durations. Postures were segmented into ergonomic risk levels low, medium,and high and classified using machine learning models, including Random Forest andneural networks via Edge Impulse.The models demonstrated strong performance, achieving high accuracy in classificationtasks. Results revealed a significant portion of time spent in high risk postures,indicating potential for targeted intervention. This research supports the developmentof intelligent ergonomic monitoring systems and lays groundwork for future applicationsin adaptive exoskeletons and real time posture feedback tools.Keywords: IMU, Ergonomics, Posture Classification, Machine Learning, NeuralNetworks, Edge Impulse, Exoskeleton, Confusion matrix.

 Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and basic mathematical problem-solving. However, they often struggle with math- ematical problems that demand multi-step, logic-intensive reasoning capabilities. This challenge is further amplified by their lack of domain knowledge in specific fields such as casting, where the correct utilization of formulas to solve mathematical problems depends heavily on the inte- gration of formula-related knowledge. The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technique shows promising potential in enriching LLMs with domain-specific knowledge by integrating ex- ternal domain resources to enhance their performance in downstream mathematical reasoning tasks within the casting domain. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate how RAG systems leverage structured knowledge in the form of a formula-based knowledge graph (KG) stored in Neo4j, semi-structured knowledge in the form of vector-based embeddings stored in FAISS, or a hybrid of both, to enhance the mathematical reasoning capabilities of LLMs within the casting domain. To achieve this, a pipeline is proposed that integrates a formula-based KG, vector-based embeddings, or both external resources with the RAG technique to enhance LLM performance in mathematical reasoning tasks. The formula-based KG is constructed using a chaining prompt embedded with a mathematical formula ontology for information extraction task, while the vector-based embeddings are generated by a distilled transformer model and in- dexed in FAISS. The pipeline is thoroughly evaluated using metrics such as F1-score, Precision, and Recall to assess the coverage of formula knowledge in the KG and the quality of entity extraction by the LLM. For retrieval efficacy, MRR, Recall@K, and nDCG@K are applied to measure vector-based retrieval; Recall is employed to measure KG-based retrieval, while answer accuracy is used for evaluating the end-to-end mathematical reasoning performance. Results show that the vector-based RAG system achieved the highest overall accuracy (70%), followed by the hybrid system (50%) and the KG-based RAG system (30%). The results indicate that all three systems are promising in improving LLMs’ mathematical reasoning capacities compared to the baseline model. The vector-based retrieval outperforms both hybrid and KG-based retrieval in improving mathematical reasoning capabilities within the casting domain. These findings highlight the effectiveness of vector-based retrieval in enhancing LLMs’ mathematical reasoning, suggesting that vector-based retrieval could be a key factor in addressing domain-specific math- ematical reasoning challenges. This work contributes to the field by proposing a pipeline for improving LLM mathematical reasoning performance using RAG techniques within the casting domain. The pipeline can be adapted to other domains involving formula-based problem solv- ing. This study also constructs a novel ontology schema for mathematical formulas and builds a formula-based KG for the casting domain.

The industrial environmental impact is a widely debated issue, both in Sweden and internationally, and there is a broad expectation that companies and organizations should assume social and environmental responsibility. This qualitative case study examines how the Swedish furniture manufacturer Kinnarps AB integrated environmental and sustainability concerns into its operations from 1970 to 2024, with particular attention to motives, focus and practical measures. The study draws on the company’s publicly available documents – annual reports and environmental and sustainability reports – which are examined through content analysis. The findings are interpreted using the stakeholder model, a core element of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), together with Bansal and Roth’s framework for why firms engage in environmental initiatives. The results show that Kinnarps committed to environmental issue at an early stage, yet its efforts have become increasingly concrete and systematic over time. All three rationales identified by Bansal and Roth – competitiveness, legitimacy and ecological responsibility – are evident in the company’s motivations, and different stakeholders have exerted varying degrees of influence during different periods. Overall, the study offers a long-term perspective on how a Swedish industrial firm responds to growing societal pressure to shoulder environmental and sustainability responsibilities. 

Studiens syfte var att undersöka om anställda i svenska små till medelstora företag upplever oro att bli ersatta av generativ artificiell intelligens (AI) i sina yrkesroller. Studien undersökte även om oron varierade med ålder, kunskap om AI och attityder till AI. Studien använde en kvantitativ ansats där data samlades in genom en webbaserad enkät bestående av 20 frågor. Urvalet bestod av 173 respondenter (N=173), 92 kvinnor och 81 män som arbetade med tekniska hjälpmedel i minst 50% av sina arbetsuppgifter. Insamlade data analyserades genom multipel linjär regressionsanalys. Resultatet visade att ålder hade en signifikant negativ relation till upplevd oro, där äldre respondenter rapporterade lägre oro än yngre. Däremot fanns inga signifikanta samband mellan oro och AI-kunskap eller attityd till AI. Studien diskuterar möjliga orsaker till resultatet, bland annat att psykologiska faktorer som känsla av kontroll och arbetsmiljöns stöd kan ha större betydelse än teknisk förståelse. Slutsatserna betonar behovet av fortsatt forskning för att förstå AI-relaterad oro i arbetslivet.

Background: Children today wear diapers at an increasingly older age, which can have negative consequences for the child's health, the family's finances and the environment. Parents often feel unsure about when and how to potty train their children. The work of the child health nurse at the child health center is to practice family-centered care and ensure that the child and family receive the information and support they need to achieve the best possible health for the child.

Aim: The aim was to investigate the experiences of child health care nurses in supporting and motivating parents to potty train their children.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted via video call with ten child health care nurses from six different child health centers in two different regions in south of Sweden. The data was analysed using manifest content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs.

Results: The analysis resulted in two generic categories; An important but difficult topic, which highlights that it is important to talk about potty training but also complex. This is because parents have different interests and prior knowledge about the subject, they lack a collection of material to work from, the preschool does not take on a helping role and that the child health care nurses want to support parents without pressuring them. The desire to give parents good conditions highlights the child health care nurses' effort to give parents tips and advice to facilitate potty training and inform about the positive aspects it entails.

Conclusion: The work of the child health care nurse in supporting and motivating parents to potty train their children is important but complex. There are several aspects that are crucial to the outcome of potty training. By working with family-centered care, the child health care nurse can meet each individual family's need for support.

Health is a fundamental right and is related to children's external and internal conditions according to WHO. The number of overweight and obese students in primary school is increasing, which highlights the important role of school nurse’s work in health promotion and prevention. The school nurse's core competencies can, together with Swanson's theory of caring can, guide and be part of the health promotion work. The school nurse is one of the few professions that meets each student individually and therefore has a unique opportunity to detect overweight and obesity early. Despite good knowledge of Iso-BMI, risk factors, lifestyle habits and psychological aspects that can form the basis for the development of overweight and obesity, there is no unified practice that supports the medical efforts of student health in this work. Which also means that students' opportunities for help, support and early interventions do not look the same across the country.

Background: Problematic school absence affects the child's life in both short and long term. The consequences can lead to reduced opportunities to live life and make the life choices the child wants. Children are entitled to education, equitable healthcare, and the highest attainable standard of health. The school nurse supports children by working in a person-centred way to identify and support children who have or are at risk of problematic school absence. 

Aim: To elucidate the school nurse's experiences of promoting attendance in children with problematic school absence.

Method: Nine qualitative semi-structured interviews with school nurses were conducted. An inductive approach was chosen, and the interviews were analyzed with qualitative manifest content analysis. 

Results: The result has two main categories; “Collaboration - a common goal is the way to proceed” and “The school nurse provides support to the child”. School nurses' collaboration is of importance to promote attendance. The school nurse can make a difference for the child through listening and creating a safe relationship. School attendance can be promoted by motivating children to have a healthy lifestyle and adopt the school environment.

Conclusion: The school nurse supports children based on their situation and by working person-centred. Problematic school absence is a complex problem where collaboration between several different professions is needed.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a complex and demanding disease and it is therefore important that school staff receive knowledge so that they can support the child when they are at school. Despite this, research shows that knowledge in schools is lacking. The pediatric nurse therefore has an important role in supporting and educating school staff so that the child can have a schooling like his classmates.

Aim: The aim was to investigate the pediatric nurse's experiences of supporting school staff in promoting a functioning school attendance in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. A total of 12 nurses participated in the study from nine different regions in Sweden. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results: Three main categories were identified: The importance of school staff having adequate knowledge to be able to support children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, The importance of supporting both school staff and guardians and The importance of having a functioning working method in school. The pediatric nurses felt that there was a lack of knowledge and understanding about the child's illness in schools. It was important for good collaboration between school staff and guardians to ensure that the child had a good education and that the school had well-functioning routines to promote the child's participation.

Conclusions: Continuous training for school staff was necessary to increase staff understanding of how the illness could affect the child's functioning at school. Sufficient staff numbers were crucial to ensure that school staff, the child and guardians would experience safety and trust when the child was at school

Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes, Schools, Participation, Pediatric nurses, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

Summary   

Background: An increasing number of children born prematurely survive, but they often face both physical and psychological challenges that affect the entire family. Child Health Service nurses have an important role in supporting these families, while also requiring greater knowledge and understanding in order to provide adequate support.   

Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe Child Health Service nurses' experiences of supporting families with a prematurely born child, born before 32 weeks of pregnancy.

Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study with an inductive approach. A total of 11 specialist nurses working in Child Health Service were included.  

Result: The interview material resulted in three main findings; The importance of the encounter with the family, The significance of parental support and The importance of supporting family involvement and cooperation in healthcare. The Child Health Service nurses felt that the first meeting established the foundation for a good relationship and individualized support for the entire family. At the same time, challenges related to supporting the prematurely born child were highlighted.  

Conclusion: The study shows that Child Health Service nurses play a central role in supporting families of prematurely born children through individualized, family-centered care that promotes the well-being of both parents and children. Due to limited experience and unclear clinical guidelines, the nurses experienced limitations in their work, highlighting the need for enhanced training and clearer directives.  

Background: When a child is transferred from an intensive care unit to a pediatric ward, it represents a significant change for both the child and their family. Previous research indicates that this transition can present challenges. Parents are expected to take on a greater responsibility for the child's care during this phase and may feel overwhelmed. The role of the pediatric nurse includes working in a family-centered manner and providing support to both the child and their family.  

Aim: The aim was to describe pediatric nurses’ experiences of caring for children and their parents during the transition from intensive care to care at a pediatric ward. 

Method: Data were collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with nine participants, nurses from pediatric wards at four different regional hospitals in southern Sweden. The collected data were analyzed using a manifest content analysis. 

Results: Three main categories emerged from the results: the importance of having a clear structure during the transfer, the importance of receiving and providing information during the transfer, and the importance of working in a team with the parents during the transfer.  

Conclusion: Pediatric nurses' experiences showed that good communication, information, and collaboration were crucial for a well-functioning transfer between the intensive care unit and the pediatric ward.  

Bakgrund: Skolsköterskan arbetar för att främja hälsa och förebygga ohälsa för alla barn och ungdomar i skolan. Om elever känner tillit i relationen med skolsköterskan kommer de mer troligt våga öppna upp sig och söka stöd.Syfte: Syftet var att belysa skolsköterskors erfarenheter av hur tillitsfulla relationer skapas med elever. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats tillämpades. Elva skolsköterskor från skolor belägna i södra Sverige intervjuades och intervjumaterialet analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen genererade ett tema: Tillit som kompass – A och O i relationsskapandet. Två kategorier skapades: En genuin önskan om att göra det bästa för eleven som präglas av ett genuint intresse och engagemang för eleven från skolsköterskan, tillgänglighet och samverkan med vuxna i elevers närhet. Den andra kategorin var: Att arbeta proaktivt med det enskilda elevmötet där öppenhet och ärlighet ansågs viktigt i mötet med eleven men belyste även utmaningar som kunde uppstå. Slutsats: I studiens resultat beskriver skolsköterskorna hur viktigt tillit är i relationen med eleverna samt att tillit kan skapas genom att vara tillgänglig, synlig i korridorer och lära sig elevernas namn. Förhoppningen med studien var att skapa en ökad förståelse och kunskap för skolsköterskor, genom att belysa de tillvägagångssätt som kan skapa en tillitsfull relation. 

Climate change and its consequences is currently one of the most discussed challenges facing our society. For humanity to be able to halt and counter these changes we are in need of action – which makes knowledge about action competence and how it’s built especially important. In the current Swedish curriculum, it is described how teachers and schools hold an important role in the transfer of knowledge about climate change and promotion of behaviours to counter these changes. Action competence as a concept can therefore be seen as relevant to educators and schools alike.

The theoretical grounding of this study is based on the concept of action competence as well as education for sustainable development, which aims to develop said competence. This study aims to explore the different ways that year 6 students portray climate change as well as actions aimed at countering climate change. Based on this, three research questions were formulated and answered, which are: i) How do students portray climate change? ii) How do students portray actions that could counter climate change? iii) Which correlations between their portrayal of climate change and actions are shown through the drawings?.

The result is based on 74 drawings made by year 6 students, which have been analysed according to a qualitative, reflexive and thematical method of analysis. This means that the result has been constructed based on our analysis as well as our interpretations of the drawings. We can conclude that the students generally portray climate change as something negative that is the product of human interactions with the planet. The students also portray a variety of concrete actions aimed at countering these changes. The actions that are portrayed are predominantly individual and direct, but does to some extent also show more collective and indirect actions as effective means for change. 

This thesis investigates how students in preschool class and first grade perceive the mathematical concept of zero. The study is based on a phenomenographic approach and uses variation theory as a theoretical framework to analyze qualitatively different ways of understanding zero.  Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven students from two schools. The analysis resulted in six descriptive categories reflecting variations in perception—ranging from viewing zero as a visual form or “nothing,” to recognizing its role in the positional number system and as a neutral element in arithmetic operations. Four of the categories were organized into a hierarchical outcome space based on conceptual complexity. The results show that students often shift between different perceptions depending on context. The study emphasizes the importance of instruction that supports conceptual development by highlighting variation and creating contrasts, enabling students to discern critical aspects of zero—thereby laying a foundation for continued mathematical learning.

Background: One-fifth of the world's youth meet the criteria for mental illness, and the fourth leading cause of death in this age group is suicide. School performance and the school environment contribute to negatively impacting young people's mental health. Student health services consist of a team that includes teachers, school nurses, school doctors, and counselors, where the team works together to create a safe school environment. The goal of student health services is to promote young people's mental health, learning, and development through, for example, early counseling and talking support.

Aim: The aim was to describe school nurses' experiences of working with health-promoting initiatives to prevent mental health issues among adolescents in middle school.

Method: A qualitative design with an inductive approach was employed. A semi-structured interview study was conducted, and the data were analyzed through qualitative manifest content analysis as per Graneheim & Lundman (2004).

Results: The results are presented in three maincategories: School nurses' relationship-building work, School nurses' interprofessional collaboration, and School nurses' tools and working methods. The school nurses describe their role as crucial in creating a safe and supportive environment for adolescents, where trust and engagement are central. Furthermore, the importance of accessibility, collaboration with the student health services and school staff, as well as working with health-promoting interventions and health dialogues to support young people's well-being, is emphasized.

Conclusion: School nurses report an increase in mental health issues among young people and underscore the importance of relationships, accessibility, and collaboration in promoting student health services.

Background: Mental health issues are rising in schools, requiring more resources for school nurses to identify and support affected students where health dialogue can assess students' mental and emotional well-being.

Aim: To describe school nurses' experiences in supporting and preventing mental health issues among adolescents in schools.

Method: This qualitative study involved 10 school nurses from southern Sweden. Data was analyzed using Granheim and Lundman's manifest content analysis.

Results: Three main categories emerged: the importance of meaningful relationships between school nurses and students, the significance of the environment on students' wellbeing, the role of teamwork in preventing mental health issues. School nurses value their relationships with students, built through health dialogues and their presence in schools. The environment, including home conditions, digital platforms, and academic stress, affects students' mental health. In conclusion, school nurses emphasize that teamwork with colleagues and health workers benefits students' mental wellbeing.

Conclusion: School nurses are essential in identifying and raising awareness of mental health issues among students. This increased awareness can be achieved with the right resources and investments, including teamwork and school nurses’ availability. 

Bakgrund: Drygt 10% av barn som föds i Sverige är i behov av neonatal intensivvård. För dessa familjer kan det innebära att föräldrarna hamnar i en krissituation. Barnsjuksköterskornas ansvarsområde innefattar vård av de kritiskt sjuka, nyfödda barnen samtidigt som de ska erbjuda emotionellt stöd och vägledning för föräldrarna. Barnsjuksköterskorna arbetar för är att anta ett familjecentrerat perspektiv, där barnet och familjen betraktas som en enhet.   

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva barnsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda och stödja föräldrar att knyta an till sitt nyfödda barn på en neonatal intensivvårdsavdelning 

Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats genomfördes. Datamaterialet analyserades med innehållsanalys, enligt Graneheim och Lundman (2004).   

Resultat: För att kunna stödja föräldrarna i anknytningsprocessen bör barnsjuksköterskorna vara närvarande och lyhörda för föräldrarnas tankar och känslor. Resultatet visar att föräldrarna behöver stöd till att förstå sin roll och dess påverkan på sitt barns välbefinnande. De behöver även bli inbjudna till att vara delaktiga i sitt barns vård. Utmaningar som försvårade stödet till föräldrarna innefattade olika arbetsmiljöfaktorer och den ofta oundvikliga separationen mellan föräldrar och barn.  

Slutsats: Barnsjuksköterskorna spelar en avgörande roll i att stödja föräldrar i anknytningsprocessen. För att kunna familjeanpassa neonatalvården krävs det ytterligare anpassningar och justerade arbetssätt.  

Bakgrund: Nyfödda utsätts ofta för smärtsamma procedurer som orsakar lidande och kräver noggrann smärtbedömning av barnsjuksköterskor med evidensbaserade smärtskattningsinstrument. Trots det förekommer brister i smärtbedömningen inom neonatalvård. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att belysa erfarenheter och hinder samt förbättra smärtbedömning och smärtlindring.   

Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka barnsjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att bedöma smärta med smärtskattningsinstrument vid procedurer och allmänna omvårdnadssituationer på neonatalavdelningar.

Metod: En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats tillämpades. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med åtta barnsjuksköterskor och specialistsjuksköterskor med annan relevant vidareutbildning i södra och mellersta Sverige från fyra olika sjukhus. Manifest innehållsanalys har tillämpades för att analysera data. 

Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier: ”Smärtskattning som ett viktigt stöd i helhetsbedömningen av det nyfödda barnet”, smärtskattningsinstrumentet upplevdes som ett stöd i bedömningen av det nyfödda barnet; ”Vikten av samarbete och klinisk erfarenhet vid smärtskattning”, teamarbete och erfarenheter framhävdes som centrala i smärtskattningen; “Viktigt att förstå de utmaningar som finns vid användning av smärtskattningsinstrument hos nyfödda”, begränsningar och utmaningar  med smärtskattningsinstrumentet belystes. 

Slutsats: Barnsjuksköterskor beskrev användning av smärtskattningsinstrument som ett viktigt stöd i bedömningen av nyföddas smärta. Deras erfarenheter visade att bedömningen påverkades av teamarbete, klinisk erfarenhet och medvetenhet om instrumentens begränsningar. 

Background: Ten percent of newborns born in Sweden require neonatal care. When the pediatric nurse involves parents in the child's care, positive effects are seen for both the well-being of the child and the parent, but also for the attachment between them. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how the pediatric nurse promotes parental involvement in the NICU.

Aim: The aim was to describe the pediatric nurses’ experiences of involving parents in the child's care in the NICU.

Method: A qualitative method with an inductive approach was applied in the implementation of the thesis. The sample consisted of seven semi-structured interviews with pediatric nurses from six differens hospitals in Sweden. The data analysis was carried out using manifest content analysis.

Result: Two main categories emerged from the results. The first highlighted how the supportive role of the pediatric nurse in the NICU is of great importance for parents’ participation, in terms of listening, inviting and providing information to the parents and not separating the family. The second main category highlighted how the importance of the environment in the NICU plays a major role, where an adapted care environment and working method were important factors to promoting participation.

Conclusion: The pediatric nurse plays an important role in supporting parents through familycentered care to promote parental involvement. The surroundings in the NICU play a significant role in facilitating such involvement. Through active participation, the attachment between the child and the parents is strengthened, which has positive health effects for both the child and the parents.

To make students' various abilities visible and provide all students with the opportunity to succeed, teachers' teaching and assessment practices need to be varied, a condition well supported by the subject of geography. However, there is a tendency for the use of summative practical assessments to decrease, while the proportion of written tests increases, highlighting a significant need to develop teachers' competence in summative assessments in geography. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate how teachers in grades 4–6 describe their summative assessment practices in geography for pupils in grades 4–6. The study is based on qualitative, semi-structured interviews with five qualified geography teachers in grades 4–6. The data material has been thematically analyzed based on discourse theory. The results show that geography teachers experience difficulties in interpreting the levels of assessment criteria. At the same time, opportunities for professional learning and development within geography are limited. Therefore, the subject of geography and summative assessments in geography for grades 4–6 need to be highlighted – in daily school practice, in teacher training as well as in research.

Juvenile delinquency is a research area that requires continuous monitoring, since the knowledge base of the field evolves alongside societal developments. This paper explores professional experiences related to the three processes of juvenile delinquency. In this regard, the three processes of juvenile delinquency explore professionals’ experiences of why adolescents enter, remain in, and disengage from delinquent behaviour. The paper is based on a qualitative thematic analysis. The data collection was executed through interviews with seven participants who have professional experience of juvenile delinquency. In the results, the interview participants stated that the causal factors that lead to adolescents being drawn into crime are exclusion in the school environment in the form of low academic results and behavioural patterns, as well as through exclusion that develops through a low socioeconomic status. Furthermore, the interview participants believe that additional factors that can lead to adolescents ending up in crime are exclusion from prosocial contexts, the availability of effortless income, and the need for thrill-seeking experiences, and these factors are also described as contributing factors to adolescents being kept in crime. Additional factors that contribute to adolescents being kept in crime are the parents' uncertainty about the adolescent’s circumstances, the adolescent’s feeling of belonging, and the criminal identity that is formed through the labeling process. The interview participants emphasize that interventions contributing to youth desistance from crime include supportive relationships, collaborative meetings and moving away from the neighbourhood. The conclusions highlight similar information, but with the addition that the experiences shared by the interview participants contribute to the labeling of some adolescents as deviants, based on the factors they mention, which leads to adolescents becoming involved in crime and remaining in such contexts. This also emphasizes only one perspective on which interventions are most effective in exiting juvenile delinquency.

Having access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is an essential human right that nowadays, billions of people still lack, which increases malnutrition and the risk of waterborne diseases. It is important to highlight that food security is not only about food availability but is also about the utilisation and the need for effective nutrient absorption, which has been jeopardised due to poor WASH conditions, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

In Bolivia, climate change effects and economic instability worsen water management and food security challenges, from droughts to floods, agriculture has been threatened, and therefore, the undernourishment index has increased. This study examines Bolivia’s water policies over the past decade to assess their evolution from rhetorical commitments to measurable integration of WASH and food security. Using frameworks from Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), United Nations’ High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), sixteen national policies and strategies were analysed to understand their alignment with constitutional and international goals, including the SDGs.

Despite the strong link between WASH and food security, Bolivia’s water policies show fragmented policy integration of these elements, with hygiene being the least addressed aspect, with strong political commitment but weak institutional coordination.

Additionally, this study contrasts Bolivia’s water governance with two external cases: Nepal and Jordan–Lebanon to illustrate the impact of how water governance structures can either strengthen public health or expose populations to preventable risks. On one hand, Nepal’s Multi-Sector Nutrition Plan II shows how they successfully reduced child malnutrition and improved hygiene through strong coordination, linking access to safe water to stunting, and tracking budgets across sectors. On the other hand, the Jordan and Lebanon case shows that the risk of rapid wastewater reuse without proper water-quality and food-safety standards can lead to disease outbreaks like hepatitis A and cholera.

This research underscores the necessity of a shift in Bolivia’s water narrative from infrastructure‐centred mindset to real, inclusive, multi-sector governance that integrates WASH and food security in comprehensive planning, looking for the long term to address human health concerns as waterborne diseases in the forthcoming Water Resources Plan (2026-2030).

Abstract________________________________________________________________

David Nelander

A school for all the senses?A qualitative study on challenges and success factors in music education for students with blindness or visual impairment.

Number of pages: 23

_________________________________________________________________________

The purpose of this study is to examine how upper secondary school teachers describe experiences and knowledge of teaching blind or visual impaired students in music studies. The following research question will form the basis of this study:

·      How do upper secondary school teachers describe the challenges that arise in teaching music to students with blindness or visual impairment?

·      What pedagogical strategies and methods do upper secondary school teachers use to overcome these challenges?

·      What success factors do upper secondary school teachers describe as most important in creating inclusive music education for students with blindness or visual impairment?

The study uses semi-structured interviews as a qualitative method. The sample is six upper secondary school teachers who teach students with blindness or visual impairment in various music studies in Sweden. The results show that the resources and methods provided by authorities are not perceived as optimal for learning. Instead, the respondents, for each student, have reasoned and relied on communication via other senses for successful and inclusive teaching.

Syftet med studein är att öka kunskapen om hur elever beskriver sina beslut om att inte delta på lektionerna i idrott och hälsa. Studien fokuserar på åtta högstadieelevers upplevelser av ämnet och identifierar faktorer som påverkar deras deltagande eller frånavro. Studien syftar även att belysa vilka åtgärder som kan främja närvaro, trygghet och motivation i ämnet. Syftet besvaras genom följande två frågeställningar: Vilka faktorer påverkar elevers beslut att inte delta aktivt på lektionerna? Vilka åtgärder eller förändringar skulle kunna motivera eleverna till att delta aktivt på lektionerna? 

Studien utgår från självbestämmandeteorin (SDT), som lyfter tre grundläggande psykologiska behov: autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet. Materialet samlades in genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta högstadieelever. Urvalet var ett bekvämlighetsurval och eleverna delade med sig av sina erfarenheter och uppfattningar om undervisningen i idrott och hälsa. 

Resultatet visar att elevernas frånvaro beror på flera samverkande faktorer. Bland dessa finns social otrygghet, rädsla för att bli dömd av andra, låg motivation, negativa tidigare erfarenheter samt kroppslig osäkerhet. Även organisatoriska faktorer som schemaläggning, krav på ombyte, och upplevd brist på valfrihet påverkar deltagandet. Eleverna lyfter fram behovet av individanpassning och tryggare omklädningssituationer som centrala åtgärder.

Slutsatsen är att undervisningen i idrott och hälsa behöver anpassas bättre till elevers olika behov och förutsättningar. När elevernas psykologiska behov tillgogoses i undervisningen ökar förutsättningarna för motivation, närvaro och aktivt deltagande. 

Background: In all clinical practices equipment is changed occasionally. Differences in spirometry results between two occasions make it possible for clinicians to evaluate disease progression and treatment results. However, differences from measuring with different spirometers can generate misinterpretation and therefore affect choice of treatment. Previous studies have shown the occurrence of statistically significant differences in measures between different spirometers. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare values from SVC (slow vital capacity) and FVC (forced vital capacity) manuevers for SpiroPerfect™ and Vyntus™ CPX within the same population. Methods: The participants were adults and had not smoked nor exercised within the last hour and did not wear tight clothes. Participants first performed SVC maneuver and then FVC maneuver on one spirometer and repeated the sequence on the other spirometer after a 20-minute break. The maneuvers were performed according to the 2019 recommendation from American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory society. Variables included were SVC, IC (inspiratory capacity), ERV (expiratory reserve volume), (FVC), FEV1 (forcerad expiratory volume within the first second), FEV1/FVC and PEF (peak expiratory flow). Results: Values from 21 participants were included. Statistically significant differences between  SpiroPerfect™ and Vyntus™ CPX were found in most variables except SVC and FEV1. ERV and FVC were higher on SpiroPerfect™ whereas IC, FEV1/FVC and PEF showed higher values on Vyntus™ CPX. Difference for FVC was 0,15 L. The difference for FEV1/FVC was 2,4 percentage points. The difference for PEF was 0,44 L/s. The largest differences were shown in ERV, 0,65 L (60 %), and IC, 0,43 L (15%). Conclusion: Differences were found between the spirometers SpiroPerfect™ and Vyntus™ CPX. It is therefore important to acknowledge differences when switching spirometry equipment in clinical practices. 

The purpose of the study was to contribute knowledge about how teachers work with reading strategies in the Swedish subject for grades 4–6, and how these strategies relate to students’ reading comprehension. The study was based on two research questions: Which reading strategies did teachers use in their teaching that they believed promoted students’ reading? and What challenges did teachers perceive in Swedish teaching regarding developing students’ reading comprehension through reading strategies? The study was conducted using a qualitative method in the form of interviews with eight certified Swedish teachers and was analyzed using a phenomenological research approach. The theoretical framework was based on Louise Rosenblatt’s transactional theory, which views reading as an interactive process between reader and text, where the reader’s own experiences and emotions influence comprehension.

The results showed that teachers used a variety of reading strategies to strengthen students’ reading comprehension. Some of the most prominent strategies included activating prior knowledge, modeling reading through read-alouds and think-alouds, creating mental imagery, and asking questions about the text. The main challenges teachers experienced were low reading motivation among students and large variations in students’ prior knowledge and language proficiency. Digital tools were seen both as an opportunity when using different reading strategies and as a potential risk for students’ reading development.

Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap om lärare i fritidshems arbete med digitala verktyg som ett hjälpmedel för relationsskapande på fritidshemmet. Ansatsen är kvalitativ och semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. I studien har sex respondenter intervjuats från olika fritidsverksamheter med varierande yrkeserfarenhet. Studien utgår från en tematisk analysmodell för att analysera vår empiriska data. Resultatet visar att digitala verktyg kan användas som ett hjälpmedel i undervisningen på fritidshemmet. Spel som minecraft framkommer, steg för steg videos, inspiration till kreativt skapande samt rekreation är också exempel som framkommer när digitala verktyg för relationsskapande redovisas. Samtidigt framkommer utmaningar med digitala verktyg som arbetsredskap, såsom brist på digital kompetens hos lärare och ”fara för internet”. Studien är relevant för det saknas mycket forskning inom området för fritidshemmet och oavsett hur det digitala påverkas politiskt eller förändras måste kunskap inom området finnas om det ska användas och tillämpas i undervisningen.

Background: Sex trafficking, together with forced labor, are the two biggest forms of human trafficking. Girls and women who are the most common victims of sex trafficking live under extremely vulnerable conditions. Their bodies are used as objects, to generate economic profit for human traffickers. Due to hidden figures, it is difficult to estimate the number of people exposed to sex trafficking, making it hard to combat.

Purpose: The study aims to identify the most common causes behind girls and women becoming victims of sexual exploitation, address the consequences of sex trafficking for those affected and analyze the measures society should take, both in terms of prevention and support after the exploitation has occurred. 

Method: Through a scoping-review, 12 articles have been compiled. The articles included were found through searches in three different databases, which later were quality-reviewed and resulted in our chosen 12 articles. The articles were coded based on a thematic analysis to identify specific themes.

Result: The result was divided into three main themes. The first examines factors that increases the vulnerability to becoming sex trafficked. It highlights structural factors as genders (to be a women), poverty, lack of education and police corruption, as well as individual and social factors as teenage pregnancy, absent parents, dysfunctional home with substance abuse and violence and criminality. The second theme highlights the consequences of being a victim of sex trafficking. Psychologically it can contribute to anxiety, depression, anger, shame, grief and complex post-traumatic stress disorder. Physically it is common with headaches, dizziness, fatigue, gynecological problems and infections, unwanted pregnancies and other sexually transmitted diseases. Socially, it mainly contributes to difficulties in reintegrating into society due to the psychological and physical issues. The third theme highlights what preventive work society can do and what support can be given to the victims afterwards. Preventive efforts in society may include education, cooperation between authorities and legal reforms. The support measures mentioned include, among others, protection and shelter as well as reintegration into society.

Roadmapping processes are essential tools for enabling industrial companies to steer development efforts and prioritize resources in a strategic and long-term manner. This thesis was conducted in collaboration with NPB Automation AB, with the purpose of investigating the company’s current roadmap process, identifying existing challenges, and proposing improvements that better support strategic goals and effective execution.

The study is based on a combination of literature review, interviews with internal and external stakeholders, and an analysis of the current process in relation to established models such as Technology Roadmapping TRM, Quality Function Deployment QFD, and strategic alignment theory. The results show that the roadmap is primarily used at the operational level, but lacks clear structure, strategic integration, and broad organizational anchoring.

Five key areas of improvement were identified: absence of a formalized methodology, lack of resource transparency, weak synchronization between strategic and technical levels, fragmented responsibilities, and limited cross-functional usage. Based on these findings, a new roadmap model is proposed, emphasizing structured workflows, stakeholder involvement, transparent prioritization criteria, and regular follow-up.

The proposed changes aim to transform the roadmap into a living, strategic management tool that increases transparency, coordination, and decision support. In the long term, this can contribute to improved economic sustainability, enhanced innovation capability, and strengthened competitiveness for the company.

The increase of energy and water consumption of artificial intelligence (AI) services,

like GPT, holds significant sustainability challenges. To overcome these challenges

user-centred strategies to reduce the environmental impact without compromising the

user experience are necessary. This study investigates how visual nudges influence

users’ decision making in AI interfaces and explores the trade-offs users make between

processing time, output quality and environmental impact. A between-subjects online

experiment (N = 93) using mock-up AI interface scenarios and a choice-based conjoint

design was conducted. Participants selected among processing options, generating a

specific result of a prompt, with one group exposed to a visual nudge and the other not.

The options to choose varied in processing time, output quality and environmental

impact. Results show that the visual nudge increases the selection of environment

friendlier options, particularly trading off output quality rather than processing time.

The study also found evidence of a compromise effect, where users frequently chose

moderate options to balance sustainability with usability. Environmental attitudes,

measured via the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale, significantly predicted

sustainable choices, though they did not moderate the nudge’s effect. These findings

contribute to sustainable human-computer interaction (HCI) by demonstrating that

visual nudges can support greener computing behaviours, especially when aligned with

acceptable performance trade-offs.

This study addressed the low motivation observed on news aggregators. While news aggregators expose their users to diverse news content, individuals tend to seek news sources that align with their own viewpoints. Subsequently, scholars have raised concerns regarding polarization and fragmented citizenry. It is therefore important to explore means of promoting user engagement with the diverse news articles on news aggregators. This study investigated how gamification – levels and leaderboard – affects user engagement on news aggregators as well as stance and open-minded thinking of their featured topics. 

The study involved an online experiment with 98 participants randomly assigned into three groups – LevelGamify, LeaderboardGamify, and NoGamification. The goal of the data collection was to evaluate user engagement, stance, and open-minded thinking on a news aggregator. Two of the groups used a points-based game element, either levels or leaderboard, while the control group did not use any game elements.

The results showed that levels and leaderboard promote user engagement in terms of objective metrics. This involved the number of news articles clicked and the time spent interacting with the news aggregator. However, the news aggregators with gamification were not perceived as more engaging and it did not increase the participants’ comprehension of the news articles. Moreover, gamification affected the participants’ stances and open-minded thinking depending on the topics covered in the news aggregators. While some topics had more participants showing stronger agreement and higher levels of open-minded thinking after using the gamified news aggregators, some topics did not. Furthermore, a news aggregator without gamification occasionally caused a decrease in open-minded thinking depending on the topic.

The findings of this study provide insights on how gamification promotes user engagement on news aggregators and understanding of how it may affect the stance and open-minded thinking of the reader toward featured topics.

As generative AI (genAI) tools like ChatGPT become increasingly integrated into

educational contexts, understanding their role in programming education is necessary.

While existing research focused largely on the technical performance of genAI tools,

there is limited insight into how such tools affect learning outcomes in code-writing

contexts. This thesis investigates how university students use genAI tools for code-

writing in programming courses. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model

(TAM), Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and Bloom’s Taxonomy, the research

explored three main questions: how students use AI tools, what motivates them, and

whether the AI enhance or hinder their ability to write and understand code. A mixed-

method approach was used, including a controlled user study (N = 22), a post-study

survey (N = 22), and semi-structured interviews (N = 10) with students at Jönköping

University. The findings showed that programming experience and motivation play a

key role in how students work with AI. Beginners more likely copied code without

changes, while experienced students often modified and improved the code. Students

driven by extrinsic motivation used AI more passively, while those with intrinsic

motivation engaged with it more actively. While AI tools can make coding tasks easier,

they may also reduce deeper learning if not used thoughtfully. Based on the results, a

guideline with recommendations for educators on how to support students in using AI

tools in ways that build programming skills and independent thinking was developed.

As digital health technologies like FemTech grow in popularity, concerns about data privacy and inclusivity within these applications have become increasingly pressing. Solutions to these problems have been suggested in previous research, but their effectiveness have not been thoroughly tested. This thesis investigates how transparency in the design of Privacy Policies and inclusive design influence data privacy awareness among LGBTQIA+ users of menstrual tracking applications. This thesis uses a between-subjects online experiment with N=161 participants and four different prototypes of a menstrual tracker to see the effects of transparency and inclusivity on user awareness. Results indicate that transparent design significantly improves awareness of Privacy Policies, while inclusive design does not. Results showed no difference dependent on whether the user belongs to the LGBTQIA+ community or not, neither in transparency nor inclusivity. These findings suggest that transparency is essential in creating ethical, user-centered FemTech applications that empower users to make informed choices about their data. The study contributes practical design recommendations as well as directions to take for further research within FemTech.

Different types of visual information overlays are increasingly used in different live streamed contexts to help convey key information and statistics. In the tabletop role playing game live stream scene, overlays have been commonly used for multiple years, however, their impact on viewer engagement remains unclear. 

25 participants watched a 15-minute actual play Dungeons and Dragons clip under one of three conditions: a high-density overlay, a low-density overlay, or no overlay. Engagement was measured with the Narrative Engagement Scale (NES), yielding an overall score and four facets: Narrative Understanding, Attentional Focus, Narrative Presence, and Emotional Engagement. Objective comprehension was assessed via objective questions on game details. The usability was also evaluated among overlay viewers.

Results from the user testing showed a significant increase in engagement when it comes to narrative understanding of the content, and a non-significant increase in general engagement as measured by the NES, but with a moderate effect size (η² = .174). Post-hoc tests of narrative engagement showed that both of the tested overlays significantly improved compared to the control group, but did not produce a significant difference between the two overlay versions. The perceived usability of the overlay was significantly higher in the low‐density condition than in the high‐density condition in terms of clarity, ease of use, and lower levels of distraction.

The findings suggest that overlays do greatly enhance narrative comprehension engagement for viewers. However, adding excessive detail offers no further benefit and may instead hinder clarity and distract the viewers from the video content. Future research should further investigate the effects of longer form content and how different types of visualizations and overlays can provide different effects on viewers' engagement.

Background: Autism is a common neuropsychiatric diagnosis. Children with autism are at a higher risk of developing mental health issues, and many require support. They may experience difficulties in both social and motor skills, which affects their participation in everyday life. Equine-assisted interventions offer a meaningful and structured context in which children can develop their abilities. Aim: To identify and summarize research on equine-assisted interventions in occupational therapy for children with autism or mental health problems. Method: A scoping review was conducted based on the methodology by Arksey and O’Malley. Relevant articles were identified through searches in the databases Cinahl, Psychinfo, MedLine, and Amed. Results: Seven articles were included. Participants in the studies were children aged 4 to 13 years with an autism diagnosis. Through thematic analysis, three categories were identified. Occupational therapy interventions showed improvements in motivation, motor and sensory skills, social abilities, and a reduction in irritability. Conclusion: The results indicate that equine-assisted interventions can provide support for children with autism as well as their families. Implications: The study provides an overview of the equine-assisted interventions that have been studied and the effects that can be expected. There is reason to offer this Occupational Therapy intervention to more children with autism.

Background: Becoming a mother for the first time implies a role change that affects the occupational pattern and identity, which results in performing new occupations. Aim: To describe first-time mothers experience of changed occupational pattern. Method: Qualitative with purposeful sampling. A total of 5 blogs written by first-time mothers were included and processed through a qualitative content analysis. Results: The changed occupational pattern was initially experienced as hard to handle but became easier over time. Everyday life was marked by finding time for oneself and simultaneously caring for their child´s needs, which was challenging. To have social support and find moments of recovery was considered important. Conclusions: Important aspects for first-time mothers are finding balance between the role as a mother and their old self, where they get to dedicate time for other meaningful occupations. Lack of sleep was a recurring challenge that affected how the daily activities were structured. Further research concerning how occupational therapists can support first-time mothers is necessary to develop occupational therapy praxis. Implications: Occupational therapists can be a valuable asset in maternity care and provide interventions for balance between different occupational areas, group interventions and strategies for sleep and energy conservation. 

Background: Drowning is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Life jackets use reduced fatalities by 80% between 2008 and 2011. Life jackets provide buoyancy, but prostheses can affect this function due to their characteristics. Current life jacket standards only consider able-bodied individuals, excluding prosthetic users and creating a gap in inclusive water safety standards.

Aim: To synthesize published material regarding the effects on the self-righting ability of a life jacket when wearing a prosthesis. 

Method: A scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). Sources were identified from PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, Scopus, two journals, and Google/Google Scholar, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted into a charting table, which was used for the analysis. The analysis was structured by categorizing the findings.

Result/Analysis: A total of 13 sources were included. The sources highlight factors related to prosthetic use that affect life jacket self-righting and body position in water. Regular prostheses can be excessively buoyant and interfere with self-righting but can also be too dense and sink. Water-activity prostheses control buoyancy, with solutions like water chambers. Limb deficiencies cause asymmetric buoyancy, affecting stability in water. 

Conclusion: Findings highlight challenges with prosthetic buoyancy, affecting safety and stability, yet potential benefits for water activities exist. Future research should explore the influence of prosthetics on life jacket performance and self-righting ability.

Abstract

Purpose:The purpose of this thesis is to examine how Swedish municipalities currently work with Preventive health consultation for older people.

Method:This study uses a quantitative research design based on a survey distributed to all municipalities in Sweden. The survey focused on how municipalities provide Preventive health consultation for older people, including the structure and content of the consultations, the age groups, and the professionals responsible for conducting them.

Results:Of Sweden’s 290 municipalities, 171 responded to the survey, which gives a response rate of 59% and providing a solid basis for analysis. Of the 171 respondents, 134 municipalities reported that they offer preventive health consultation for older people. There were both differences and similarities in how municipalities work with preventive health consultation for older people regarding the content, who is offered the consultations, professionals responsible for conducting the consultations, and follow- up. 

Conclusion:Preventive health consultations can serve as an effective way of engaging older adults, encouraging physical activity tailored to individual capabilities, promoting the discovery of new activities, and reducing social isolation. This study offers a comprehensive overview of current municipal practices in this area. More in-depth and analytical research is needed. For example, this study does not show the effects or outcomes of the health consultations. 

Introduction: The proportion of elderly people in society is increasing, with increasing age the need for care and rehabilitation becomes greater. The rehabilitation is transferred to take place more at home. Usually, occupational therapists and physiotherapists work in teams and are often responsible for rehabilitation. There is limited knowledge how the interventions are executed in home rehabilitation. Aim: The purpose of the study was to explore the rehabilitation professionals’ performance of interventions in team-based rehabilitation of older people at home.Method: Qualitative method with inductive approach. 8 observations of visits were conducted with 6 occupational therapists and 5 physiotherapists who were interviewed after the visits. Data is from Re@home project phase 2. The material has been analysed with qualitative content analysis.Results: The results revealed three categories: 1) Professional knowledge, 2) collaboration and cooperation, 3) Organization. Conclusions: The study shows that rehabilitation professionals largely work with a person-centered approach by flexibly adapting their interventions based on the patient’s situation.  There was a unique teamwork in the home, where professionals, patients and relatives collaborated practically but also in planning the interventions. Rehabilitation at home can create conditions for the person-centred partnership, where relatives and patient are a part of the team.

The overall purpose of this study is to investigate how professionals in social work, police and schools understand, perceive and talk about youths in organized crime. The study investigates this by identifying and analyzing the discourses highlighted in the professionals' stories and how these relate to power and knowledge, based on Michael Foucault's discourse theory. The study is based on a social constructivist understanding of the world, which means that language is a tool that shapes people's perceptions of what is true. The background to the study is an increased public debate and media coverage of organized crime involving youths. The study problematizes how these perceptions are formed, reproduced and what meaning this has in professional work. The study is a qualitative interview study that aims to analyze professionals' discourses on the subject of the study. Six semi structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results were accomplished by using theoretical stances of discourse, power and knowledge. The results show that professionals tend to understand organized crime based on both individual and structural explanatory models, while the discourses are often based on emotions and hearsay rather than facts. Discourses about “us and them” recur in professionals’ stories, when they talk about integration and “Swedishness”. The study also shows that the understanding of children and young people in organized crime differs depending on the context in which they are discussed, in this case formal and informal conversations.