Tidig postoperativ mobilisering har länge rekommenderats för att främja återhämtning och förebygga postoperativa komplikationer. Trots evidens och beprövad erfarenhet saknas riktlinjer för vilka patienter som bör mobiliseras och hur tidigt mobilisering bör ske. Förbättringsarbetet genomfördes 2025 på en postoperativ avdelning på Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna.Förbättringsarbetet syftade till att införa ett strukturerat arbetssätt för tidig postoperativ mobilisering. Målet var att minst 75 % av de patienter som genomgått robotassisterad gynekologisk kirurgi skulle mobiliseras inom 90 minuter efter ankomst till Postop. Förbättringsarbetet utgick från förbättringskunskapens principer och strukturerades med hjälp av förbättringsmodellen där förändringsidéer testades genom PDSA-cykler. Åtgärderna fokuserade på kommunikation och planering och skapa en gemensam bild av patientflödet för att förbättra samarbetet. Flera mått användes och data analyserades över tid vilket bidrog till utveckling och lärande. Resultatet visade att målet uppnåddes, vid projektets avslut mobiliserades 82 % inom 90 minuter samtidigt som medelvårdtiden minskade med 18 minuter för den aktuella patientgruppen. Den vetenskapliga studien syftade till att utforska omvårdnadspersonalens erfarenheter av ett förbättringsarbete om tidig postoperativ mobilisering. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ design baserad på data från tre fokusgruppsintervjuer. Materialet analyserades med reflexiv tematisk analys. Analysen visar att förbättringsarbetet upplevdes som meningsfullt och bidrog till fördelar för både patient och personal. Tydliga mål, återkoppling och ett stödjande ledarskap bidrog till motivation och engagemang samtidigt som resurser och arbetsbelastning påverkade möjligheten att genomföra förändring i praktiken. Utifrån analysen tolkades resultatet med COM-B-modellen som teoretisk referensram för att förstå resultatet utifrån faktorerna förmåga, möjlighet och motivation. Sammanfattningsvis visar arbetet att tidig postoperativ mobilisering är möjlig att genomföra inom postoperativ vård. Samtidigt framkom att genomförandet var beroende av både strukturerade arbetssätt och organisatoriska förutsättningar i den lokala kontexten. Resultaten bidrar med kunskap om hur ett förbättringsarbete kan genomföras i en postoperativ kontext.

The Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) protocol has emerged as modern internet trans-port protocol that offers improved performance and strong encryption compared to its predecessors.However, it still presents limits for network security inspection.This study investigates whether metadata-based traffic analysis can be used to detect maliciousbehavior in QUIC traffic without decrypting the payload and without the use of Machine Learning(ML). A rule-based detection system was implemented as a security inspection layer on top of a QUICserver that was built using the aioquic library. The system analyses observable metadata such as re-quest rate, stream count and packet size.With a result of 75% accuracy on average, the result shows that it is possible to a certain extentto determine whether QUIC traffic is malicious or not, without the use of ML and without decryptingand revealing the payloads content.

In recent years, social services have increasingly emphasized early and accessible support for children and parents. One example is the introduction of preschool social workers within preschool settings, aiming to provide accessible parenting support at an early stage. At the same time, there is limited knowledge about how such approaches are shaped in professionals’ everyday practice. This thesis consists of a practice-based improvement project and a qualitative study. The improvement project aimed to develop and test change ideas to strengthen the use of support within preschool practice. The work was conducted using improvement science methods and iterative learning in close collaboration with local practice. The project contributed to increased clarity regarding the preschool social workers’ role and increased confidence among preschool staff in initiating support with parents. However, no clear or stable increase in individual contacts between preschool social workers and parents was identified during the project period. The scientific study explored how a new approach involving preschool social workers is shaped within preschool practice. The study had a qualitative design and was based on semi-structured interviews with preschool staff and preschool social workers. The material was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings show how the approach was gradually reshaped as it encountered everyday preschool practice. Support was primarily activated in situations where concerns regarding children had already become visible. Relationships with families, organizational conditions, and professional judgments influenced how support was introduced and used in practice. Voluntariness and accessibility did not emerge as stable characteristics of the support itself, rather as something continuously established relationally in interactions with families. The thesis contributes knowledge about how early and preventive parenting support is shaped through professional, relational, and organizational processes in preschool practice, and highlights the importance of iterative quality improvement work in developing accessible approaches within complex welfare contexts.

Intuoduction: In recent years, an increasing nmuber of adolescents are diagnosed with Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially children in foster care. To reduce trauma symptoms in this vulnerable population, the aim of this study is to map and describe interventions for adolescents with PTSD in foster care to improve their mental health. Method: A scoping review was designed to achieve the goal, which identified 1046 peer-reviewed articles published from 2006 to 2026, and 13 studies were included. Results: Interventions were categorized into four groups: (1) Intervention for children and parents, (2) Intervention for teachers and school staff, (3) Interventions for children only, (4) Interventions for parents only. The main findings show that the identified interventions were effective in reducing PTSD symptoms among adolescents in foster care, and trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) was the most commonly used intervention among included studies. Discussion: The findings may lack validity and have limited generalizability due to small sample sizes. Participants (e.g., foster parents and workers) reported positive and negative perspectives of interventions, but children's perceptions were not reported in the included articles. Future research should focus on larger sample sizes and pay greater attention to adolescents' perspectives. 

This study investigates how activation triggers initiate absorptive capacity processes, particularly the acquisition and utilization of external knowledge, in medium-sized contractor firms operating in project-based construction. The study addresses three questions: what types of events or situations trigger employees to seek new external knowledge, how these triggers influence the acquisition of external knowledge within the firms, and how acquired knowledge is interpreted and utilized within project practices. The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study based on ten semi-structured interviews with respondents in roles central to project delivery and knowledge-related decision-making, including project managers, site managers, supervisors, estimators, and related functions. The empirical material was analysed through thematic analysis, informed by absorptive capacity and sensemaking. The findings show that external knowledge-seeking is rarely continuous or strategically planned. Instead, it is mainly activated by concrete project-related needs, such as technical problems, client requirements, legal uncertainty, work-environment issues, and broader changes linked to digitalisation and sustainability. These triggers influence acquisition by directing attention towards specific external sources, including suppliers, consultants, specialists, industry sources, networks, and digital tools.

The study also shows that acquired knowledge is not implemented directly. Instead, it is interpreted through internal discussions, prior experience, and practical assessments of relevance and usefulness. Its utilization is selective and depends on perceived value, available time, and local project conditions. The study contributes by clarifying how activation triggers, sensemaking and absorptive capacity are interconnected in medium- sized contractor firms.

Digitalization in schools is a widely discussed topic that generates diverse opinions, while

at the same time the importance of working more with analogue reading emphasized. The

aim of this study is to contribute knowledge about primary- and middle school teachers´

perceptions of digital and analogue tools in reading instruction, as well as to highlight

differences between primary- and middle school teachers´ perceptions of these tools. The

study is based on a qualitative method in which sic teachers were interviewed, three

working in primary school and three in middle school. The collected data were analyzed

using thematic analysis, which enabled a deeper understanding of the teachers´

perspectives as well as the identifications of recurring patterns and differences in their

perceptions.

The results show that teachers at both school stages perceive analogue tools as a

fundamental basis for reading instruction, while digital tools are mainly used as a

complement to create variation. Digital tools are perceived as valuable for adapting

instruction to individual pupils´ needs and circumstances. Both primary- and middle school

teachers perceive analogue reading instruction as creating greater engagement and

participation among pupils. The use of analogue identified between the school stages are

that primary school teachers describe using digital tools to a greater extent than middle

school teachers. Furthermore, middle school teachers perceive digital tools as having a

more negative impact on pupils´ concentration and focus compared to the perceptions

expressed by primary school teachers.

Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att undersöka hur digitala verktyg används i den tidiga skrivundervisningen i årskurs 2. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns brist på kunskap om hur digitala verktyg faktiskt kan användas på ett utvecklande sätt. Studien lyfter fram hur olika lärare arbetar med digitala verktyg, vilka uppfattningar lärarna själva har om verktygen samt vilka för- och nackdelar som digitala verktyg medför till skrivundervisningen. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i delar av det sociokulturella perspektivet och bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra verksamma och behöriga lärare i årskurs 2.  Den insamlade data bearbetades med tematisk analys genom att data kodades, tematiserades och summerades utifrån de mönster som kunde kopplas till forskningsfrågorna. I resultatet framkommer att digitala verktyg används på flera olika sätt i den tidiga skrivundervisningen. Studien visar att digitala skrivverktyg kan fungera som pedagogiskt stöd men också bidra till ökad motivation hos eleverna. Det framkommer även att de digitala verktygen har både för- och nackdelar för skrivundervisningen. En fördel är att elever i större utsträckning kan producera längre och mer sammanhängande texter självständigt medan en nackdel är att den traditionella handskrivingen riskerar att nedprioriteras. Därför krävs det en balans i användningen av digitala verktyg och analoga arbetssätt i skrivundervisningen. 

Venös insufficiens är ett vanligt tillstånd där nedsatt klaffunktion i benens vener leder till reflux och försämrat venöst återflöde. Duplex-ultraljud används idag som förstahandsmetod vid diagnostik av venös insufficiens och reflux framkallas vanligtvis genom manuell eller automatisk kompression. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och jämföra hur manuell respektive automatisk kompression påverkar uppmätt reflux flödesvolym i v saphena magna (VSM) vid duplex-ultraljud. Studien syftade även till att undersöka om kroppsstorlek, uttryckt som BMI (Body Mass Index) och BSA (Body Surface Area), påverkade den uppmätta reflux flödesvolymen.

Studien genomfördes på Fysiologiska kliniken vid Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping och inkluderade totalt 30 deltagare med misstänkt venös insufficiens. Samtliga deltagare undersöktes med både manuell handkompression och automatisk pneumatisk kompression med blodtrycksmanschett. Eftersom normalitetsanalys visade att data inte var normalfördelad användes icke-parametriska tester vid vidare analys.

Resultaten visade att ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad kunde påvisas mellan manuell och automatisk kompression avseende uppmätt reflux flödesvolym i VSM. Inte heller observerades något statistiskt signifikant samband mellan kroppsstorlek BMI och BSA och uppmätt reflux flödesvolym. Resultaten indikerar därmed att ingen skillnad i uppmätt reflux flödesvolym kunde påvisas mellan de undersökta kompressionsmetoderna inom det studerade materialet.

Studien bidrar med ökad kunskap om hur olika provokationsmetoder påverkar kvantitativ bedömning av venöst flöde vid duplex-ultraljud. Resultaten är dock inte tillräckliga för att fastställa metodernas kliniska likvärdighet, och vidare forskning med större patientmaterial samt utvärdering av ytterligare kliniska faktorer behövs.

Improvement work – for manager´s sake. A study of first-line managers´ experiences of improvement work alongside their other managerial responsibilities and the implementation of an improvement initiative on pre – and onboarding for new employees in a complex welfare organization, from the manager´s perspective

First-line managers are central actors in complex welfare organizations and function as a link between strategic decisions and operational practice. At the same time, demands for continuous improvement are placed alongside the operational managerial role, and previous research indicates insufficient conditions for first-line managers who experience inadequate support.

The thesis consists of an improvement project and a study focusing on first-line managers’ perspectives. The improvement project was conducted within the Swedish Social Insurance Agency´s work division “Support for return of work” in Western Sweden and originated from managers’ experiences of stress and insufficient support during pre- and onboarding of newly employed staff. The aim was to reduce perceived managerial stress through improved and more appropriate support. The work was based on Nolan´s improvement model and was carried out through iterative PDSA cycles, recurring dialogue, and self-assessment measurements of stress and support. 

The study aimed to deepen the understanding of how first-line managers experienced continuous improvement work alongside their other operational managerial tasks. The focus was on experiences of discretion, demands and resources within their dual role. 

The results showed a reduced experience of stress and a gradual increase in perceived support during the improvement project. The study showed that managers perceived improvement work and operational work as closely interconnected and dependent on each other. However, they separated local improvement work from other development initiatives within the authority. Organizational conditions, competing demands, and relational aspects influenced the experience of discretion, demands and resources. Locally, discretion was perceived as high, whereas discretion related to centrally governed initiatives was perceived as limited. 

The conclusion is that improvement work characterized by participation, dialogue, and recurring reflection can contribute to sustainable results. In complex organizations, the balance between perceived demands and resources is influenced by structures, organization, and relational factors that interact with, and affect one another.

Introduction: Powered wheelchair prescription is complex, involving significant road safety responsibility. Aim: To map occupational therapists' challenges regarding assessment, prescription, and driver training for powered wheelchairs. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional web- survey study, analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Substandard medical certificates, desire for medical and cognitive requirements to align with those for motor vehicle drivers, and inadequate time for driving practice contribute to uncertainty in the decision-making process. Furthermore, the responsibility for the client's road safety education is perceived as challenging to manage and does not appear to decrease with professional experience. Conclusion: The challenges appear to be largely structural rather than individual. Since professional experience does not seem to reduce the perceived uncertainty, this indicates a need for standardized assessment instruments and increased systemic support to ensure reliable assessments. Implications: The findings indicate a need for national, structured assessment instruments and a clearer regulatory framework to alleviate the occupational therapist. Furthermore, organizational changes are required to enable more time for driving practice and follow-up in order to ensure road safety.

This thesis presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a real-time geofencingsystem enhanced with machine learning. The system combines embedded GPS tracking, LoRabased wireless communication, a middle-node receiver, a Python processing server, anIsolation Forest model, and a web-based live visualization interface. The purpose of the projectwas to investigate whether a geofencing system can be created using LoRaWAN/LoRacommunication and whether machine learning can improve the accuracy, stability andbehavioral interpretation of GPS-based boundary detection.The developed system uses a Heltec Wireless Tracker as the mobile tracking device. The trackercollects GPS-derived features including latitude, longitude, speed, heading, satellite count, andHDOP. These values are transmitted as compact LoRa packets to a second Heltec devicefunctioning as a middle node. The middle node receives the LoRa packets and forwards themthrough serial communication to a Python server. The server processes the incoming GPSstream, constructs machine-learning features, then runs an Isolation Forest model and sendsthe classified result to a live web map through WebSocket communication.Several methods were tested during development. A traditional distance-based geofence wasfirst used as a baseline but it was sensitive to GPS drift near the boundary. A Random Forestapproach was also explored because of its strength in supervised classification tasks. Howeverit required reliable labels and was less suitable for detecting unknown abnormal behavior innoisy live GPS conditions. The final solution uses Isolation Forest because the project requiredanomaly detection based on movement patterns rather than only supervised categoryprediction. Isolation Forest was trained using structured GPS-based data representing normalbehaviors such as walking, slow walking, short stops, longer bench-zone stops and movementaround the geofence area. The model uses features such as distance from the geofence center,speed, stopped time, bench-zone state, satellite count, HDOP, and heading change.The final prototype worked successfully in live outdoor testing. It displayed tracker movement inreal time, classified geofence state, and detected abnormal behavior such as spinning orirregular movement. The live map visualized the tracker using clear color states: green fornormal inside behavior, red for outside boundary state and orange for abnormal behavior. Theresults show that a LoRa-based geofencing system can be enhanced with machine learning andthat Isolation Forest is a practical model for detecting abnormal GPS-based behavior in realtime when combined with a stable embedded-to-server data pipeline.Keywords: Geofencing, LoRaWAN, LoRa, GPS, GNSS, Heltec Wireless Tracker, ESP32, IsolationForest, Machine Learning, Anomaly Detection, WebSocket, Leaflet.

The use of the English language is increasing across several areas of Swedish society. Today, children and adolescents are exposed to English daily through various leisure activities. The purpose of this study is to highlight pupils’ perceptions of the phenomenon of extramural English and how it may influence both vocabulary acquisition and learning of the English subject in school. The study sample consists of 19 pupils from two different schools in grades 4 and 6. The method consists of qualitative focus group interviews in which the pupils were divided into five groups. The results were analyzed within a sociocultural interpretive framework. The result showed that pupils have positive perceptions regarding how extramural English affects and contributes to their language learning. The perceptions also indicate that pupils experience learning different things through extramural English compared to the English subject in school. The result of this study shows that extramural English should not be viewed as a competitor to English education in school, but rather that they are two learning contexts that complement each other.

Introduction: Although occupational therapy’s role in vision rehabilitation is well documented, little is known about the service provision in Latvia and the preparedness of Latvian occupational therapists to work in this area.

Aim: To explore and describe Latvian occupational therapists’ perspectives on vision rehabilitation in Latvia, and their own preparedness to address the needs of individuals with vision impairments.

Method: A phenomenological online survey was conducted, recruiting occupational therapists through the Latvian Association of Occupational Therapists. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings: Four themes emerged from 20 participant answers: 1) A system falling short; 2) Willing hearts, limited preparedness; 3) Knowledge, experience and the institutional environment as the key factors influencing preparedness; 4) Occupational therapist: the vital and multifaceted contributor to vision rehabilitation.

Conclusions: Occupational therapists in Latvia recognize their vital role in vision rehabilitation but feel unprepared and see this area of practice as underdeveloped, highlighting occupational injustices for both occupational therapists and people with vision impairment.

Significance: The study highlights the need to improve opportunities for occupational therapists to develop competencies in vision rehabilitation and to enhance rehabilitation services for people with vision impairment in Latvia.

Under det senaste decenniet har arbetslivet genomgått omfattande förändringar, där bland annat digitaliseringen successivt har omformat förutsättningarna på arbetsplatser. Detta har samtidigt medfört nya utmaningar i att upprätthålla medarbetarnas engagemang över tid, särskilt när arbetsformer ändras till hybrid- och distansarbete. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan kvaliteten på chef-medarbetarrelationen som medarbetarna rapporterade, och arbetsengagemang vid hybrid- och distansarbete. En kvantitativ tvärsnittsdesign användes och data samlades in genom en webbaseradenkät med sammanlagt 93 respondenter. Mätinstrumenten Leader-Member Exchange scale (LMX-7) och Utrecht Work Engagement scale (UWES-9) användes för att mäta studiens variabler. Resultatet visade ett positivt statistiskt signifikant samband mellan kvaliteten på relationen mellan chef och medarbetare och alla dimensioner av arbetsengagemang. Sammanfattningsvis visade studien att det fanns ett samband mellan kvaliteten på chef-medarbetarrelationen och medarbetares arbetsengagemang.

This study examines the short-term impact of geopolitical tensions involving the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) states located in the Persian Gulf on Brent crude oil price volatility. Given that around 20% of the global oil supply passes through the Persian Gulf, geopolitical events represent a major factor affecting the global economy. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effects of major geopolitical events from 2019 to 2025, which may influence oil price volatility on the days of the events and in the immediate days following them. Using daily Brent crude oil spot price data obtained from the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) database, the study focuses on evaluating three major events: the drone attacks on Saudi Arabian oil facilities in September 2019, the April 2024 Israel strike on Iranian targets, and the June 2025 Israel airstrikes on Iran. The research aims to evaluate the effects of these events using the EGARCH (1,1) model within the frameworks of the Efficient Market Hypothesis and forward-looking market behaviour. The results indicate a slight increase in Brent crude oil volatility around the selected event dates; however, the EGARCH estimates do not show statistically significant event-window effects. The observed volatility movements appear temporary because volatility levels revert to pre-event levels within a relatively short period after each event.  

Trade diversion and third-country effects of export restrictions are important themes in international economics research. The purpose of this study was to examine whether Türkiye’s 2024 export ban on Israel led to trade diversion toward geographically proximate countries, and whether such effects differed across sectors. The study was based on the gravity model of trade and a difference-in-differences (DiD) methodology was followed, using monthly UN Comtrade export data from January 2023 to November 2025 across four sectors: iron and steel, plastics, electrical machinery, and vehicles. The findings show that trade diversion patterns varied across sectors, with some sectors displaying greater short-run flexibility than others. Organisations and policymakers can use these findings to better understand the unintended regional trade consequences of politically motivated export restrictions.

Background: Entrepreneurial Resourcefulness (ER) is a vital concept in Entrepreneurship academia. It allows entrepreneurs to overcome the resource constraints they face in their entrepreneurial journeys through creative, boundary-breaking ways. Prior work on ER and its related concepts (or expressions) has chiefly focused on startups and venture creation, leaving the role of ER in post-startup phase ventures largely by the wayside. Little is understood about how ER manifests in the growth phase. 

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to shed a light on ER manifestations in growth phase ventures, exploring how the expression of ER changes over time and what role ER plays in the further development of ventures. 

Method: This research consists of a qualitative multiple-case study. The founders (and other actors) of 12 ventures currently in the growth phase, spanning various countries and industries, were interviewed to create 12 cases to be used for within-case and cross-case analysis. This data was further supported by secondary data in the form of close to 20 hours of podcasts featuring some of the founders. Analysis was guided by ER literature, and guided by the definitions of 9 expressions of ER. 

Conclusion: The results show that ER remains highly relevant in growth phase ventures, though the expression of the concept shifts significantly. This study identifies three distinct groups of ventures; Surfers, Sculptors and Climbers. Each of these groups is characterized by their respective growth pathway, as well as their usage of the various expressions of ER. Additionally, this research identifies three “ER Pillars”; Manifestations of ER that occurred in all 12 sample ventures’ growth phases. This study contributes to ER literature by extending the understanding of the role of ER in growth phase ventures, and how it is linked to growth in these ventures. 

This study was based on online interviewing 21 people with Trans* experiences across the world via semi-structured questions. The purpose of the interview was to understand participants’ self-perceived level of cyber vulnerability. Then, via thematic analysis, multiple themes and mono-themes emerged. The high-leveltakeaway from several themes is that participants generally do not feel safe online and are even more vulnerable if their transness is exposed. Although this self-perceived vulnerability was not usually followed by concrete incidents, participants did not report that stress or overall well-being was worsened. Overall, participants who felt vulnerable did not know how to defend their online profiles due to ignorance of cyber hygiene.

The aim of the study is to contribute knowledge about how some teachers in grades F–3 work to promote students' language comprehension and vocabulary learning through interactive read-alouds. A sociocultural perspective underpins the study since the focus is on how students' language develops through social interaction and engagement in teaching. The empirical material was collected using a qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews with seven active teachers at three schools in southern Sweden. The material was analyzed using thematic analysis, where recurring themes and codes were identified. The results show that all the teachers see interactive read-alouds as an important approach for students' language development. Questions, discussions, and working with words are described as key parts of working with interactive read-alouds. The results also show that students' participation is seen as important for making the read-alouds promote language development. At the same time, challenges arise in working with interactive read-alouds, such as lack of time, planning, and difficulties getting all students involved in the discussions. The study shows that this approach can work as a language-developing tool when teachers make conscious didactic choices characterized by thoughtful questions, conversations, and adapting the teaching to the different needs of the student group.

Tvångsvård enligt Lag om vård av missbrukare i vissa fall (LVM) (SFS 1988:870) syftar till att hjälpa personer med allvarlig missbruksproblematik och skapa förutsättningar för ett liv fritt från missbruk (Socialstyrelsen, 2022). Trots detta visar Balthazard-Olette et al. (2014) i en studie att över 80% återfaller i missbruk efter avslutad LVM-vård, vilket tyder på att återfall är ett vanligt och komplext fenomen. Även Socialstyrelsen (2021) framhåller att risken för återfall efter LVM är vanligt förekommande. Detta belyser behovet av att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar möjligheten att upprätthålla långvarig drogfrihet, såsom motivation och eftervård. Studien syftar därför till att undersöka hur yrkesverksamma inom missbruksvården resonerar kring risken för återfall efter avslutad LVM vård, med särskilt fokus på motivation och eftervård. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med 6 yrkesverksamma inom den svenska socialtjänsten och LVM-vården. Bland de yrkesverksamma finns socialsekreterare, behandlingspersonal och chefer. Intervjuerna har sedan analyserats genom en tematisk analys med fokus på teorin handlingsutrymme. 

I resultatet framkommer att återfall efter avslutad LVM-vård betraktas av yrkesverksamma som vanligt förekommande och som normaliserat. Återfallsrisken beskriver de yrkesverksamma påverkas av flera samverkande faktorer så som samsjuklighet, bristande motivation, bristande stöd från omgivning, och social situation. I studien framträder eftervården som avgörande för huruvida en klient som tvångsvårdats ska upprätthålla varaktig förändring, samtidigt framkommer att det verkar finnas brist på samverkan i övergången från LVM till livet efteråt, vilket gör eftervården komplex. Motivation är en ytterligare faktor som yrkesverksamma lyfter som avgörande för att förebygga återfall. I studien förstås klienters motivation som en föränderlig och dynamisk process. Resultatet visar även att yrkesverksamma ofta befinner sig i en spänning mellan att betrakta LVM som en livräddande insats och att samtidigt uppleva att tvångsvården har begränsade långsiktiga effekter.

Studien bidrar med fördjupad kunskap om yrkesverksamma från olika nivåer, och hur de resonerar kring återfall, motivation och eftervård efter avslutad LVM-vård. Resultaten indikerar att tvångsvård sällan är tillräckligt, utan att andra stödinsatser och långsiktiga lösningar är nödvändiga för att minska risken för återfall efter avslutad tvångsvård. 

This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators experienced by prosthetists/orthotists whendelivering prosthetic and orthotic services in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) contexts. A scopingreview was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework and reported according to PRISMA-ScR.Searches were performed on MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science, with grey literaturesearches from the WHO website and BASE. References throughout the process were managed in Zoteroand screening was performed with Rayyan. Ten studies (2012–2026), predominantly qualitative or mixedmethods, were included after duplicate removal and two-stage screening. During data charting, recurringpatterns were identified inductively through reviewer discussion and iterative refinement, which producedseven barrier themes: lack of government support and funding, lack of resources, lack of human resources,limited continued professional development (CPD), limited access to patients, weak interprofessionalteamwork, and lack of context-appropriate components. Two facilitator themes were identified: jobsatisfaction/altruism, and third-party support. Facilitators were reported less than barriers, as well asmore superficially. The thesis concludes that P&O service delivery in LMICs is constrained byinterconnected health-system factors that map across WHO building blocks, and that more primarystudies focused on LMIC-based research in relation to P&O clinicians’ perceptions is needed.

In the rapidly growing business landscape of today, organizations are required to utilize complex management systems in order to respond effectively to the challenges they face. Ensuring that security and reliability are maintained across these systems is therefore of utmost importance. In this work, a case study on a Customer Management System is performed and it is examined whether Petri nets can be used to model such a system in order to ensure relevant security and reliability properties. To achieve this, relevant scenarios occurring regularly in a Customer Management System are selected and then modeled using Petri nets. Subsequently, the models are analyzed in regards to relevant properties and the behavior of the system is evaluated. Thus, it is shown that Petri nets can successfully be used to verify the security and reliability of such a system.

This thesis investigates automated information extraction from semi-structured digital train tickets.The aim is to evaluate and compare two different approaches for extracting and structuring ticket infor-mation into a consistent JSON format despite variations in document layout across different providers.A text-based approach using the FLAN-T5 model and a vision-based approach using the Donut modelwere implemented and evaluated. The study applies a Design Science Research approach combinedwith an experimental evaluation design. A dataset consisting of 1000 real-world train tickets fromSwedish train operators was used for training and evaluation. The evaluation focuses on extractionaccuracy, processing time, and computational resource usage. The results show that both approachesimprove after fine-tuning and system refinement. The Donut model achieves higher extraction accu-racy and faster processing time, while the FLAN-T5 model requires fewer computational resourcesduring inference. The findings indicate a trade-off between accuracy, speed, and resource efficiencydepending on the chosen approach. The study concludes that both text-based and vision-based mod-els are viable for automated extraction of train ticket information, but their suitability depends on thespecific requirements of the application context.

As children’s exposure to digital technologies begins at a very young age, primary schools face a growingresponsibility to teach students how to navigate the internet safely. Cyber hygiene, which includes everydayhabits such as creating strong passwords and avoiding online scams, has become a necessary part of this education.However, even though schools are expected to focus on digital safety, many teachers feel they have not beenadequately prepared or trained to teach it effectively. This study explores how primary school teachers in Swedenview their own confidence and ability to teach cyber hygiene and what support and resources they feel they aremissing.

To investigate this, a survey was conducted with 275 teachers across grades 1–9 in the Swedish compulsoryschool system. The results show a clear gap between what teachers want to achieve and the support they actuallyreceive from their environment. While teachers care deeply about protecting their students online, their actualaccess to school resources, management support and clear guidelines remains low to moderate (overall Index𝑀 = 3.31, 𝑆𝐷 = 0.93). Interestingly, the study found that a teacher’s confidence changes depending on how longthey have been working. Intermediate teachers with 6–15 years of experience scored the highest in self-efficacy(𝑀 = 4.59), perceived resources (𝑀 = 4.02) and teaching ability (𝑀 = 4.76), showing a career phase whereclassroom experience mixes well with digital awareness. In contrast, the most experienced teachers (16+ years)scored the lowest in every construct.

The study concludes that primary schools cannot simply rely on the personal interest of individual teachersto keep students safe online. Instead, school management and educational authorities need to provide clearguidelines, dedicated classroom time and regular training that specifically helps veteran teachers who currentlyfeel left behind.

The thesis explores how the Catholic Church contributes to climate action. The case study of some chosen Hungarian Catholic communities offers a clear insight into environment-based actions and their contributions. The thesis applies the frameworks of religion and society (Durkheim, 1995) and ecotheology (Conradie, 2023). Overall, the findings show that Laudato Si’ (papal encyclical) is widely known but unevenly adopted across communities; that environmental initiatives are mostly led by committed lay members rather than priests; and that practical contributions — including solar panels, building renovations, electric vehicles - depend largely on state and EU funding rather than Church resources. The thesis contributes to grassroots, action-focused account from an under-researched Eastern European context. 

This study explores the experiences of Muslim women's establishment within educational professions. The aim of the study is to examine how wearing a hijab may influence the recruitment process, as well as the kinds of treatment and opportunities these women encounter in everyday working life. The research is based on seven semi-structured interviews with Muslim women who wear the hijab and have connections to educational professions.  The study draws on Erving Goffman's theoretical concepts of stigma and frame analysis to understand how Muslim women wearing the hijab are perceived and treated in educational workplaces and recruitment processes. The findings show that the participants experience both opportunities and challenges when establishing themselves within educational professions. However, within educational professions, both positive and negative experiences were reported, where factors such as competence and language skills were sometimes valued more highly. The study also highlights that the hijab functions as a visible social marker that influences how individuals are treated by employers, colleagues, and society in general.  The conclusion of the study is that Muslim women’s establishment in the labor market is shaped by both individual resources and structural factors, where norms and perceptions surrounding religion play a decisive role in creating both barriers and opportunities in working life. 

 This study examines reading interest from a student perspective in Grade 3. Previous research indicates a decline in students´ interest in reading and limited knowledge of their own reading experiences, while educational policy documents emphasize the school´s responsibility to foster reading. The aim of the study is to contribute knowledge about reading interest from a student perspective in Grade 3. The study is guided by the following research questions: How do students describe their experiences of and interest in reading in school? What factors do students describe as influencing their interest in reading? The study is based on a sociocultural perspective on learning and The Active View of Reading, where reading is understood as an interaction between cognitive, social, and motivational factors. A qualitative method was employed, based on nine semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed trough qualitative content analysis. The results show that reading interest is situational and shaped by several interacting factors. Positive experiences are associated with engaging content, freedom of choise, and calm reading situations, while negative factors mainly consist of difficult text, disruptive environments and limited access to interesting literature. Students also relate reading to school tasks and future needs. The conclusion is that reading interest emerges through the interaction between the individual, the text, and the social context, where school organization and learning environment play a central role. 

Picturebooks are not always used systematically in teaching in grades F–3. Previous research shows that educators’ approaches to working with picturebooks vary, yet there remains a lack of in‑depth knowledge about how picturebooks are actually used in practice and which didactic considerations shape instruction. The aim of this study is therefore to contribute knowledge about how educators describe and justify their use of picturebooks in teaching, as well as the opportunities and limitations they identify. The study is grounded in a social semiotic perspective, in which the picturebook is understood as a multimodal resource and teaching as a designed sign‑making environment. Through qualitative semi‑structured interviews with six educators and one school librarian working in grades F–3, the study examines how picturebooks are used in practice and which didactic choices influence the design of instructional activities. The findings show that picturebooks are used to support pupils’ language, communication, and identity development, and that multimodal approaches such as picture walks, dramatization, and text discussions create opportunities for meaning‑making. At the same time, challenges emerge related to time constraints, access to literature, educators’ competence, and pupils’ attitudes towards working with picturebooks. The study concludes that picturebooks can function as a versatile didactic resource when used deliberately, with clear didactic design, and in learning environments where pupils’ agency is actively supported.

histhesis experimentally evaluates Zephyr RTOS and the proprietary RTOS µRXCon industrial embedded hardware. The study focuses on power consumption andtiming behavior using deterministic workloads on two separate but architecturallyidentical SAT-III units. Power measurements were collected over fixed intervals,while timing measurements included compute latency, context switch latency, Endto-End round trip (E2E) cycle time, sleep duration, and sleep jitter.Theresults show that Zephyr had lower mean power consumption under the testedconditions. µRXC showed lower compute latency and shorter E2E cycle time,whereas Zephyr showed lower context switch latency and substantially lower sleepjitter.The study concludes that neither RTOS is superior in all measured aspects.Instead, suitability depends on application requirements, such as power efficiency,computational latency, synchronization overhead, or timing stability. The findingshighlight the need for controlled experimental evaluation when assessing RTOSmigration in industrial embedded systems.

AbstractIntroduction – The construction industry accounts for a significant share of society´s resource use and climate impact and therefore holds a major responsibility in promoting ecological sustainability. A key challenge is that sustainability aspects are often not integrated into the early stages of decision making, where critical material choices are made. The aim of this study is to develop a draft checklist to support property owners and other stakeholders in these early stages, focusing on material choices with low carbon emissions.Method – The study has qualitative approach and is based on interviews and document analysis. It focuses on understanding complex decision-making processes in social contexts rather than testing hypotheses. The method is suitable for studying complex and difficult-to-overview phenomena where the researcher has a close connection to what is being examined. The empirical data consists of interviews with actors in the construction industry and documents from previous research on the climate impact of building materials.Results – The results show that material choices in the construction industry are primarily driven by tradition, experience, and economic factors rather than systematic sustainability assessments. Smaller companies often lack structured decision-making tools, while larger organizations partially utilize climate budgets and certifications. Despite this, detailed tools for assessing the climate impact of materials are often lacking. The study indicates that the use of Environmental Product Declarations (EPD:s) and checklists can facilitate the selection of materials with lower carbon emissions and reduce climate impact during the production phase.Analysis – The analysis shows that material choices and decision-making bases in the construction industry vary between organizations. Smaller companies often base decisions on experience and tradition, while larger actors more frequently use sustainability-related tools such as environmental certifications and climate budgets. However, structured internal methods are often lacking, making external requirements and individual expertise important. Financial constraints and established working practices make it more difficult to use more climate-friendly materials.Discussion – The discussion shows that material choices in the construction industry are primarily driven by tradition, experience, and economic factors, which limits the use of sustainability based, decision making tools. Despite the availability of EPDs and climate budgets, these are not used systematically. At the same time, there is a clear demand for checklists to support more sustainable choices. The study indicates that structured tools can reduce uncertainty and facilitate the integration of ecological sustainability in the early stages of the decision-making process.Keywords – Decision making basis – construction materials – Ecological sustainability – EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) – Sustainable construction – Material selection

This study examined how a countdown timer, used as a scarcity-based persuasive interface element, influenced both click-through behavior and users’ perceptions of trust on a local restaurant website. Using a sequential mixed-methods model consisting of a quantitative A/B test experiment and qualitative semi-structured interviews, the study found that the countdown timer slightly increased click-through rate, although the relationship was not statistically significant. In contrast, the qualitative findings showed that the timer increased perceived urgency and immediate action-readiness while also increased skepticism, pressure, and reduced trust. Overall, the findings suggest that countdown timers may influence users’ perceptions more strongly than their measurable behavior, highlighting the complex relationship between persuasive design, urgency, and digital trust within local digital commerce contexts.

This thesis examines sustainable digital learning in adult continuing education as more

than flexible access to online materials. It understands sustainable learning as meaningful

participation over time within digital environments that are structured, manageable, and

responsive to learners’ everyday conditions. The study addresses the problem that

fragmented information and unclear navigation may create cognitive and organisational

strain for adult learners.

The aim is to explore how adult learners experience cognitive load and navigation in

digital learning environments, and how these experiences influence sustainable learning

practices. The study used a qualitative design situated in an anonymised Danish

Academy’s Continuing Education Unit, with data generated through a focus group, task-

based interaction with a Digital Learning Hub prototype, observational notes, and three

follow-up semi-structured interviews. The findings show that cognitive load was shaped

not only by academic content, but also by the organisational work of locating, verifying,

and coordinating information, leading to the conclusion that sustainable digital learning

depends on coherent, predictable environments that reduce unnecessary cognitive and

organisational strain.

This thesis investigates how AI‑assisted educational robotics can be used inblended learning to promote inclusion, sustainability and ethical awareness in a heterogeneous primary classroom. The study addresses a gap in how these dimensions are enacted in everyday classroom practice, especially for students with special educational needs. The research adopts a qualitative case study design involving 20 students aged 10-11, including students with special educational needs and a small group of experienced teachers who participated in a four-week robotics and AI intervention combining online and face-to-face activities. Data were generated through classroom observations, student interviews and reflective materials and were analysed thematically with a sociocultural lens focusing on interaction, participation and classroom practices. The study contributes practical insight into how AI‑assisted robotics can be designed and implemented to support inclusive, values‑oriented blended learning in primary education. The findings show that robotics and AI activities supported collaboration and inclusion when tasks were clearly structured and roles were defined.Sustainability‑oriented practices became most meaningful when values such as fairness, resource sharing and environmental care were embedded in robot behaviours and shared classroom routines. Students engaged with AI suggestions critically rather than passively, using them as prompts for discussion about fairness, privacy and responsibility. Teachers recognised the potential of AI‑assisted robotics for inclusive and socially responsible learning but reported time constraints, technical challenges and uncertainty about AI ethics, underscoring the need for further professional development. Overall, the study contributes by demonstrating both the pedagogical potential and the practical constraints of AI‑assisted robotics, highlighting the need for targeted professional development on technical integration and AI ethics.

The rapid digital transformation of modern organizations has increased the need to integrate physical operational environments with data-driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Digital twin platforms provide structured virtual representations of physical assets and their relationships, enabling contex- tualized access to data from buildings, infrastructure and technical systems. Despite their potential, integrating AI systems with digital twins introduces challenges related to secure data access, controlled reasoning, interoperability and governance. This thesis investigates how AI-driven systems can be integrated into digital twin environments in a secure and controlled manner using the Model Context Protocol (MCP). MCP defines a tool-based interaction model that separates AI reasoning from underlying system implementations, allowing con- trolled exposure of external data sources. The study focuses on architectural integration, access control through MCP and the use of digital twin structures as a reference layer for external databases. A design-oriented research methodology was applied through the development of a proof-of-concept implementation. The implementation includes an MCP server enabling controlled interactions be- tween an AI agent, a digital twin platform and external data sources. The solution was evaluated using qualitative industry-driven use cases together with quantitative testing of access-control and data re- trieval mechanisms. The results show that the MCP-based architecture successfully enabled the AI agent to perform multi- step data retrieval across digital twin data and external databases through predefined tools. The digi- tal twin functioned as a reference layer by providing building identifiers, geographic relationships and contextual structures that were used to retrieve and link external energy-consumption data. The proof- of-concept implementation used an Open Authorization (OAuth)-based authentication layer to restrict tool access to users within the organization. In addition, a separate authorization test setup was used to evaluate the feasibility of more granular role-based access control within an MCP server. This test- ing showed that the simulated role-based policy correctly approved or denied all 500 evaluated access requests according to the predefined access policies. The analysis indicates that MCP can provide a structured and controllable approach for integrating AI systems with digital twin environments. However, the results also show that the usefulness of such integrations depends on the quality and completeness of external data sources, as several buildings lacked energy-consumption records or contained inconsistent data values. The thesis concludes that MCP, combined with digital twin identifiers and authorization mechanisms, can support secure and contextualized AI interaction with operational data, while further research is needed on scalability, production deployment, advanced security risks and broader enterprise integration.

This thesis explores the potential of test case generation within security domains by large language models, an aspect that that remains underexplored. Three models were selected: OpenAI's GPT-5.2, Gemini 3.1 Pro, and Claude Sonnet 4.6, and their corresponding test cases evaluated across test case quality attributes. The results show that the large language models are capable of producing functionally correct test cases, but are insufficient in terms of security relevance. The findings suggest limitations for security test generation across OWASP Top 10 vulnerability categories and highlight the need for further research into whether fine tuning models, as well as the use of more complex prompting techniques and/or the inclusion of more technical specifications in user stories, influence the results.

This thesis investigates whether firms engaging in open market share repurchases on Nasdaq

Stockholm exhibit systematically different long-run stock returns compared to non-

repurchasing firms, and whether such effects vary across market capitalization segments during

2010 to 2022. An unbalanced panel of 3,169 firm-year observations across 341 firms is analysed

using pooled ordinary least squares regression with year fixed effects. The analysis finds no

evidence of a return premium associated with repurchase activity at any of the one-, two-, or

three-year horizons examined, a result that contrasts with earlier Swedish evidence. Several

factors may explain this outcome, including a shift in repurchase motives toward routine

financial management, increased market efficiency due to Sweden's mandatory disclosure

framework, and the post-2008 low-interest rate environment, which may have disadvantaged

firms previously driving return premia. In the Small Cap segment, repurchasing firms

underperformed non-repurchasing firms by economically significant margins at the two- and

three-year horizons after controlling for observable characteristics. Although this finding is

robust across specifications, it is based on a small number of firms and should be considered

exploratory. Overall, the evidence indicates that repurchase activity on Nasdaq Stockholm did

not serve as a reliable positive signal for long-run returns during this period.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka förskollärares uppfattningar om sitt arbete med genus. De frågeställningar som besvarats är:

- Hur arbetar förskollärare för att utmana stereotypa könsnormer som framträder i förskolans vardagliga situationer?

- Hur beskriver förskollärare sitt ansvar att tolka jämställdhetsuppdraget enligt förskolans läroplan, Lpfö18?

Studien utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju legitimerade förskollärare. Resultatet skrivs fram utifrån en tematisk analys där det normkritiska perspektivet har varit utgångspunkt. Den tematiska analysen utgår från tre teman: hur genus och jämställdhet arbetas med i förskolans utbildning, samverkan med hemmet och styrda aktiviteter. 

Resultatet visar på att begreppen genus och jämställdhet upplevs som svåra att särskilja. Det framkommer också att fortbildning inte varit aktuellt på många år, men att det behöver återupptas igen. Resultatet visar dessutom på att de influenser barnen för med sig in i förskolan är svåra att kompensera för, därav anses samverkan med hemmen vara avgörande.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om förskollärares uppfattningar om digitala verktyg. Studien utgick från frågeställningarna: Hur uppfattar förskollärare revideringen av förskolans läroplan gällande digitala verktyg? Vad beskriver förskollärare har förändrats i sina arbetssätt med digitala verktyg? Studien utgick från kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio legitimerade förskollärare som arbetat minst tre år i förskolan. För att möjliggöra framtagande av förskollärares uppfattningar antogs en fenomenografisk ansats. Läroplans differentiering gällande användare och mottagare användes för att dela upp och synliggöra förskollärares uppfattningar och arbetssätt i resultatet. Resultatet visar olika varierande handlingar efter revideringen. Det framkommer att en del förskollärare har minskat sitt digitala användande medan andra förskollärare har fortsatt digitalt arbete. Förskollärare beskriver ett tydligare pedagogiskt syfte vid användning av digitala verktyg. Somliga förskollärare uppfattar även sitt digitala användande som oförändrat. Resultatet visar att flera förskollärare anser att digitaliseringen i samhället resulterar i att förskolan behöver utveckla digital kompetens hos barnen. Likaså framkommer ett utvecklande av digitala handlingsplaner för att möjliggöra likvärdigt arbete mellan avdelningar. 

     Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förskollärare erfar och upplever sitt ansvar för planeringen av undervisning, samt hur barnskötarens erfarenhet och kompetens inkluderas i planeringen. Studiens forskningsfrågor är ”Hur erfar förskollärare sitt särskilda ansvar för planering av undervisning?” och ”Hur beskriver förskollärare att de tar vara på barnskötarnas erfarenheter och kompetens i planeringen?”.    

     Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är positioneringsteorin och studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer användes som metod. Totalt deltog sex legitimerade förskollärare från fyra olika förskolor i en kommun. Studiens teman organisatoriska förutsättningar, kommunikation som grund för delaktighet, jämlikhetsidealen och personlighet och kompetens framkom genom en tematisk analysmetod.    

     Resultatet visar att organisatoriska förutsättningar som fördelning av planeringstid och rektorns beslut, har stor betydelse för barnskötarnas möjligheter till delaktighet i planeringsarbetet. Studien visar också att ett starkt jämlikhetsideal präglar arbetslagen, där förskollärare och barnskötare ofta beskrivs som jämbördiga trots förskollärarens särskilda ansvar enligt läroplanen för förskolan. Respondenterna framhåller vikten av kommunikation och den personliga kompetensen som central för ett fungerande arbetslag. 

Syftet med studien var att bidra med kunskap om hur förskollärare möjliggör för de yngsta förskolebarnens delaktighet under pågående planerad undervisning och synliggöra utmaningar som finns i detta. Frågeställningarna som besvaras i studien är: ”Hur beskriver förskollärare delaktighet för de yngsta barnen i förskolan?” och ”Hur beskriver förskollärare att de möjliggör för de yngsta barnens delaktighet under pågående planerad undervisning?”. Studiens ansats är kvalitativ och genomfördes med tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med legitimerade förskollärare som arbetar med de yngsta förskolebarnen. Studiens data bearbetades utifrån en innehållsanalys.

Resultatet visar att förskollärarnas beskrivningar utgör tre övergripande teman, dessa är Att förstå och möta barnet, Förutsättningar för att möjliggöra delaktighet och Utmaningar. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna beskriver delaktighet på olika sätt och att synen på barnet är en viktig del om barnet blir delaktig eller inte. Vidare framkommer det i resultatet att trygghet och relationer är en grund för att möjliggöra barnens delaktighet och att det ligger på förskollärarens förhållningssätt om detta kan ske. Förskollärarna beskriver att utmaningar som kan påverka möjliggörandet av barns delaktighet är stora barngrupper, låg personaltäthet, rutiner och organisatoriska krav. Därmed blir möjligheterna för barns delaktighet att dela upp barnen i mindre grupper och att anpassa och upprepa innehållet i undervisningen. Trots utmaningar beskrivs det att förskollärare behöver se utmaningar som spännande och roligt för att göra arbetet enklare att genomföra och därmed möjliggöra för barns delaktighet.

 Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förskollärare upplever sitt pedagogiska ledarskap i arbetslaget samt vilka utmaningar som kan uppstå i detta arbete. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och utgår från ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv där fokus ligger på förskollärares upplevelser av sitt ledarskap.

Det empiriska materialet har samlat in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju legitimerade förskollärare verksamma i kommunala och privata förskolor i södra Sverige. Materialet har analyserats med tematisk analys.

Resultatet visar att förskollärares pedagogiska ledarskap formas i samspel mellan ansvar, samarbete och organisatoriska förutsättningar. Läroplanen framstår som en viktig grund för det pedagogiska arbetet och bidrar till struktur och riktning. Kommunikationen i arbetslaget beskrivs som central för samarbete och gemensam förståelse.

Vidare framkommer att förskollärarna upplever en balansgång mellan formellt ansvar och att upprätthålla goda relationer i arbetslaget. Det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet och tidsbrist beskrivs som utmaningar som påverkar möjligheten att arbeta gemensamt med utveckling.  

Studien bidrar med kunskap om hur förskollärares pedagogiska ledarskap formas i praktiken och vilka villkor som påverkar deras arbete i arbetslaget.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur vårdnadshavare beskriver att de blir delaktiga i sitt barns utveckling och lärande genom förskolans dokumentation. Studien utgick från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med fokus på begreppen stöttning, redskap, mediering och kommunikation. En kvalitativ ansats användes och empirin samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio vårdnadshavare från olika förskolor i södra Sverige. Empirin analyserades genom innehållsanalys.

Resultatet visade att vårdnadshavare upplevde delaktighet på olika sätt. Digital dokumentation via applikationer och lärloggar upplevdes av majoriteten som viktiga redskap som ökade insynen och tillgängligheten. Samtidigt lyftes analog dokumentation, såsom teckningar och processväggar, fram som betydelsefull för samtal mellan barn och vårdnadshavare. Utvecklingssamtalet framträdde som det främsta tillfället då vårdnadshavare fick ta del av sitt barns individuella utveckling och lärande. Resultatet visade även att relationen mellan vårdnadshavare och förskollärare var central för upplevelsen av delaktighet. Förskollärares sätt att kommunicera, bjuda in och skapa tillit upplevdes som avgörande.

Syftet med denna studie avser att undersöka hur rörelse planeras av förskollärare ur ett didaktiskt perspektiv. Sju verksamma förskollärare har intervjuats genom en kvalitativ ansats i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med ljudinspelning. Intervjuerna utgick från en övergripande intervjuguide med öppet formulerade frågor för att möjliggöra att respondenterna fick beskriva sina erfarenheter och perspektiv. Metoden valdes för att skapa en fördjupad förståelse för hur rörelse planeras i förskolans verksamhet. Studien utgår från två frågeställningar: hur beskriver förskollärare att de planerar för barns rörelse? Samt vilka didaktiska frågor tas hänsyn till i arbetet med rörelse? 

Resultatet visar att rörelse är ett brett begrepp som omfattar både planerade, spontana och semispontana aktiviteter. Förskollärarnas planering präglas av didaktiska övervägande gällande mål, innehåll, miljö, material och anpassningar efter barns behov, intressen och förutsättningar. Studiens resultat tyder även på att förskollärarens egna förhållningssätt, barns delaktighet och det kollegiala samarbetet är avgörande för hur rörelse möjliggörs i praktiken. 

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskaper om hur förskollärare beskriver arbetet med att utforma och strukturera förskolans lekmiljöer. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar används en kvalitativ metod, där sju förskollärare från olika förskolor medverkar i semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in data. Vid databearbetningen används tematisk analys för att skapa en helhetsförståelse och för att tematisera innehållet för att identifiera lämpliga teman. Utifrån analysen framträdde tre teman som ligger till grund för resultatet: Att skapa trygghet i lekmiljön, Att skapa en föränderlig lekmiljö och Att skapa förutsättningar för lekmiljön. Studien utgår från affordance teorin, vilken synliggör miljöns betydelse i relation till barns handlingsmöjligheter i lekmiljön. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna beskriver lekmiljön som dynamisk och där små förändringar i material och miljö kan få stor betydelse för barns lek. Trygghet framträder som en grundläggande förutsättning för att barn ska kunna använda och utveckla lekmiljön. Denna trygghet skapas genom struktur och att barnen får vara delaktiga i utformningen av miljön. Förskollärarna arbetar aktivt med att anpassa och förändra lekmiljön, men arbetet begränsas samtidigt av faktorer som tid, resurser och verksamhetens villkor.