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  • 201.
    Adil Ali, Hagar
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Djärv, Tony
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Lease Accounting Modification: A qualitative study about how Swedish listed companies are preparing as well as adapting to the proposed amendments in IAS 17 Leases2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    A common source of financing businesses is through leasing. Currently there are two types of leasing, financial and operating. While financial leases are capitalized similarly to owning an asset, operating leases are completely left out of the balance sheet and as a result related assets and debts are not visible for third party users. Therefore, leasing standards have been criticized for not providing a fair view of a company’s financial positions. Considering this, IASB and FASB are collaborating on a joint project that would require capitalization of all lease contracts, and that was the core in their latest Exposure Draft 2013/6. 

    Purpose

    This study aims to examine the listed companies on Swedish Stockholm stock exchange in which one way or another deal with operating leases contracts. In particular investigating the Swedish Mid and Small Cap companies’ perceptions regarding this proposal and amendments implied in the ED 2013/6.

    Method

    A qualitative method with an abductive approach has been used for the purpose of this study. The process of selecting the acquiring information to fulfil that has been mainly collected through the interviews made with representatives from the Swedish Mid and Small Cap companies. The interviews which consisted of semi-structured with an open-ended questions style were performed through telephone between Wednesdays 25th of March 2015 – Tuesday 7th of April 2015.

    Conclusions

    Considering that the proposed amendments in the IAS 17 Leases are not yet effective and based on the results as well as the analysis from this study it is shown that some of the examined companies are not aware of the ED 2013/6, and therefore not preparing for those requirements in the new ED. Further, the examined companies whom are aware argue that the new ED include to a great extent more administrative work and complicated calculations, thus they would rather avoid the realization of such new standard. In conclusion, the findings indicate that all companies using operating leases will at some extent be affected by the amendments, although most Mid and Small Cap companies will not have a dramatic consequence emerge their balance sheets.

  • 202.
    Adil, Muhammad Soban
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS).
    Mekanic, Sedin
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS).
    Industry 4.0 and the Food Manufacturing Industry: A Conceptual Framework2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The manufacturing industry is diverting away from the one-size-fits-all mass manufacture towards more customized processes. With increasingly individualized consumer preferences and an intense competitive environment, food manufacturers are required to meet specific consumer demands with similar efficiency to those produced massively. Such market requirements are feasible with the technological advancements envisioned by Industry 4.0. The consequences of such are increased flexibility and mass customization in manufacturing which forces the food manufacturer towards its realization. The integration process, however, involves a comprehensive transformation that affects every aspect of the organization. This consequently imposes significant challenges upon the food manufacturing company.

    Purpose: The study aims to investigate the transformation process ensued by the food manufacturer for Industry 4.0. Consequently, a conceptual framework is developed detailing the application of Industry 4.0 in the food manufacturing industry.

    Method: An inductive qualitative approach, in combination with a multiple-case study, is pursued to address the formulated questions of research. Based on such, semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals representing three multinational food manufacturers. Further, a thematic analytical technique was adopted as means to identify similarities and patterns within the obtained data. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis through which the researchers came up with the conceptual framework.

    Conclusion: The results of the research reveal internal and external factors such as labor policies and IT infrastructure to influence the transformation process for Industry 4.0. In due to this, the implementation of the phenomenon occurs phase-wise, globally coordinated and regionally concentrated. This enables the organization to overcome the obstacles faced and, subsequently, ensure the successful deployment of Industry 4.0.

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  • 203.
    Adilson, Leite Cancino
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management.
    Chatzidakis, Nikolaos
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management.
    The Influence of Internal and Externalfactors on the Supplier Selection: A study in the Swedish Furniture Industry2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 204.
    Adinugrahan, Sapto
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Economics, Finance and Statistics.
    Ridwan, Mochamad
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Economics, Finance and Statistics.
    Efficiency of Foreign Debt Portfolio Management in Emerging Economies2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Fluctuation of exchange rate has affected the increasing burden of foreign debt payment in emerging economies. This issue has negatively influenced the economic growth. It has been a severe obstacle considering that governments have to issue public debt denominated in foreign currency to finance the budget deficit. Hence, there is an urgent necessity to implement an efficient public debt management to minimize the exchange rate exposure. This thesis analyses how efficient the foreign debt portfolio management is in the 14 emerging economies under examination in the period of 1990-2013. Panel Dynamic Fixed-effect Estimator and Granger Causality approach are applied to analyze how responsive the currency composition of foreign debt portfolio to the exchange rates movement. The thesis examines the four biggest foreign debt shares that are denominated in US dollar, Euro, British pound, and Japanese yen, and the related exchange rates movement in the economies under consideration. The observation concludes that the foreign debt portfolio management in these emerging economies is not efficient or not optimal. The evidences prove that changes in the exchange rates of Euro, British pound, and Japanese yen relative to US dollar Granger cause changes in respected debt shares. It means that there is no substitution effects from the appreciation of the currencies vis-à-vis the US dollar during the year of observation.

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    Efficiency of Foreign Debt Portfolio Management in Emerging Economies
  • 205.
    Adler, Niclas
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Beer, Michael
    Collaborative R&D in Management: The Practical Experience of Fenix and TruePoint in Bridging the Divide between Scientific and Managerial Goals2008In: Handbook of collaborative management research, Los Angeles, Calif.: Sage Publications , 2008Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 206.
    Adler, Niclas
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Elmquist, Maria
    Norrgren, Flemming
    The challenge of managing boundary-spanning research activities: Experiences from the Swedish context2009In: Research Policy, ISSN 0048-7333, E-ISSN 1873-7625, Vol. 38, no 7, p. 1136-1149Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 207.
    Adler, Niclas
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Elmqvist, M
    Fredberg, T
    Frössevi, B
    Norrgren, F
    Loud killers and already-invented-here: the challenge of managing change in professional organizations2007In: Paper presented at the The Academy of Management (AOM) 2007 Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, USA, August 3-8, 2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 208.
    Adler, Niclas
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Eriksson, M
    Kreativ logik och konkurrenskraft2005Report (Other academic)
  • 209.
    Adler, Niclas
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Glassér, Charlotte
    af Klinteberg, Britt
    A collaborative research effort to bridge boundaries and support deviant youths in contemporary welfare systems2005In: European Management Review, ISSN 1740-4754, E-ISSN 1740-4762, Vol. 2, no 1, p. 88-99Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 210.
    Adler, Patrick
    et al.
    UCLA, United States.
    Florida, Richard
    The University of Toronto's Rotman School, Canada.
    King, Karen
    The University of Toronto's Rotman School, Canada.
    Mellander, Charlotta
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Economics. Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS).
    The city and high-tech startups: The spatial organization of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship2019In: Cities, ISSN 0264-2751, E-ISSN 1873-6084, Vol. 87, no April, p. 121-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Research on Schumpeterian entrepreneurship identifies new high-growth startup companies as key factors in technological innovation and economic growth. While economists have tended to focus on high-growth, high-tech startup firms as the unit of analysis, economic geographers and urbanists have examined the geographic dimensions of entrepreneurship, particularly the rise of entrepreneurial clusters and eco systems. We focus here on a particular type of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship associated with high-tech startup companies, or what we refer to as “tech-startup entrepreneurship.” We contend that the organization of such Schumpeterian entrepreneurship occurs at two spatial scales. At the macro-geographic level, it is highly clustered and concentrated in a relatively small number of global cities or metro areas. At the micro-geographic level, it is highly concentrated in distinct districts or micro-clusters within these leading cities and metro areas. To examine the geographic dimensions of tech-startup entrepreneurship across these spatial scales, we use previously unused data on venture capital-financed startups at the metropolitan and district levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that tech-startup entrepreneurship is organized across two distinct but related spatial scales, which act on entrepreneurial activity through different mechanisms. These findings suggest that local diversity and local specialization can simultaneously potentiate innovation, and that a multi-scalar approach to the geography of entrepreneurship is prudent.

  • 211.
    Adolfsson, Klas
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Isaksson, Johan
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Petersson, Linus
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Studenter och hemförsäkringar: En studie av köpbeteende vid högskolan i Jönköping2007Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background and problem

    The Student union and Länsförsäkringar in Jönköping has an agreement that provides students at Jönköping university with subsidized insurances. The fact that none of the mentioned parties knows what the insurance market at Jönköping university actually looks like makes this an interesting field to study. This thesis will aim to provide the parties with a map of this insurance market and increased knowledge about how students think and behave regarding insurences.

    Purpose

    The overall purpose of this thesis is to increase the knowlegde about students’ buying behavior regarding insurences. We will also investigate if there are uninsured students at Jönköping university and quantify that amount. Furthermore, we will examine if there are any differences between insured and uninsured students that could be possible explanations for the students behavior.

    Method

    We have used quantative phone interviews to map the insurence market and two qualitative focus group interviews to fulfill the rest of our purpose.

    Theoretical framework

    The most of the theory in this thesis is fetched from the area of consumer behavior, but is complemented by theory about financial services.

    Conclusion

    6,7 percent of the students were uninsured and we found a number of different variables that provide differences in how insured and uninsured students behave. These variables are: influences, percived social pressure, percived knowledge, trust for the insurance providers, view on risks and service intangibility.

    We found that a lack of a percieved need is an important cause that some student is uninsured. We also identified a number of different situations where students are easier to affect. These situations are: school start, moving away from home, quit school, house building and starting a family.

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  • 212.
    Adolfsson, Linn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Accounting and Finance.
    Hoof, Emma
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Accounting and Finance.
    Internprissättning: Upprättandet av en dokumentation enligt Skatteverkets riktlinjer2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Internprissättning handlar om de priser som tas ut på varor, tjänster och krediter när de förflyttas runt mellan företag i intressegemenskap. Internprissättning är ett aktuellt ämne i och med att globaliseringen i världen ökar och varor och tjänster förflyttas runt mellanländer på ett helt annat sätt än för några år sedan.

    Skatteverket kräver att internprissättningen inom koncerner ska upprättas enligt armlängdsprincipen. Denna princip bygger på att prissättningen sker på ett marknadsmässigt sätt, precis som om företagen skulle befunnit sig på armslängds avstånd ifrån varandra.

    Syftet med den här studien är att förstå internprissättningen från ett praktiskt perspektiv och för att göra detta så upprättar vi en dokumentation av ett företags internprissättning, i enlighet med Skatteverkets riktlinjer.

    Vår ambition är att vi ska upprätta en korrekt dokumentation som Företaget kan använda sig av och under arbetet öka vår förståelse för ämnet samt väva samman teori och praktik på ett effektivt och resultatgivande sätt. Vi har därför haft tät kontakt med Företaget för att inhämta all information och sätta oss in i organisationens arbetssätt.

    Skatteverket tar upp fem olika metoder som kan användas när internpriser ska fastställas enligt armlängdsprincipen, men det är endast en utav dessa vi använder oss av i studien. Vi utgår sedan från denna metod för att visa att Företaget tar ut marknadsmässiga internpriser.

    Empirin består av dokumentet i färdigställd form. Resultatet blev en dokumentation som beskriver Företagets verksamhet, de transaktioner som sker mellan Företaget och dess dotterbolag samt hur Företaget använder sig av armlängdsprincipen vid internprissättning.

    Under studiens gång har vi insett att det är skillnad på teori och praktik, Skatteverkets riktlinjer för hur dokumentationen ska se ut är väldigt konkreta, men det har ändå varit svårt att applicera en färdig modell på hur verkligheten ser ut i Företaget. Vi tror att den här dokumentationen är ett viktigt verktyg för Skatteverket i sin kontrollprocess, men den är också av stor vikt för företagen eftersom de då tvingas arbeta med och se över sina internpriser. Vilket i sin tur leder till positiva effekter för samhället på längre sikt.

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  • 213.
    Adolfsson, Marcus
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Commercial Law.
    Informationsgivningens tvetydighet och konsekvenser: Vid offentliga uppköpserbjudanden på aktiemarknaden2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Offentliga uppköpserbjudande utgör en viktig del av den moderna svenska samhällsekonomin. Ett företagsförvärv på aktiemarknaden genererar stora ekonomiska möjligheter och konsekvenser för de flesta intressenter såsom arbetstagare och aktieägare.

    Det är särskilt intressant med tanke på att aktiemarknaden präglas i mångt och mycket av självreglering. Det är således aktörerna på marknaden som etablerar lämpliga regler för vad som skall anses utgöra god sed. Denna sortens reglering är ett avsteg från Sveriges sedvanliga normbildning som vanligtvis utgörs av strukturerad lagstiftning. Det är sedermera intressant till vilken grad det är gynnsamt med en kombination av dels självreglering, dels lagstiftning. Det har anförts att aktiemarknaden är en komplicerad marknad som kräver denna sortens flexibilitet som självreglering medför. Denna framställning har inte ambitionen att strikt väga, å ena sidan lagstiftning som är en oundgänglig del av den moderna ekonomiska infrastrukturen, å andra sidan självreglering som är väl förankrat på aktiemarknaden. Däremot krävs det enligt min mening högre ställda krav på självregleringen för att uppnå en balans bland de olika intressegrupper som finns representerade på aktiemarknaden och därmed upprätthålla förtroendet för marknaden.

    Informationsgivning är en central del av aktiemarknaden. Med tanke på självregleringen, krävs att rättvis och korrekt information finns tillgänglig till samtliga aktörer under ett och samma tillfälle. Allt i enlighet för att bevara förtroendet. Däremot är due diligence-processen ett vedertaget avsteg från likabehandlingsprincipen som ett led i ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande. Det är brukligt att budgivaren företar en due diligence där denne har möjlighet att bilda sig en uppfattning huruvida målbolaget infriar de ställda förväntningarna och förhoppningarna med företagsförvärvet. Processen fungerar som ett verktyg för att allokera risker som är förknippade med detta stora åtagande samt avgör ofta om ett förvärv är för handen eller ej.

    Innan takeover-direktivet fanns inga särskilda regler för offentliga uppköpserbjudanden. För Sveriges vidkommande implementerades direktivet med dels självreglering, dels lagstiftning. 2 kapitlet 1 § lag om offentliga uppköpserbjudanden stipulerar numera att aktiebolag skall ”följa de regler som börsen har fastställt för sådana erbjudanden”. Det innebär bland annat att alla noterade aktiebolag har underkastat sig att följa NBK:s takeover-regler. Däremot är reglerna idag utformade aningen egendomliga när det angår due diligence-processen som ett led i ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande. Det föreligger enligt min mening oskäliga risker för budgivaren som är förknippade med ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande.

    Problematik uppstår då budgivaren väljer att inte lämna något bud på målbolaget efter en genomförd due diligence. Eftersom då bortfaller målbolagets skyldighet att informera marknaden om förhållandet som rimligen förväntas påverka värderingen av målbolagets aktie. Däremot kvarstår budgivarens skyldighet att varken avyttra eller förvärva aktier i målbolaget med anledning av att denne fått selektiv information som inte övriga marknaden tagit del av. Eftersom budgivaren numera innehar selektiv information, som skall offentliggöras om denne inte vill vara belastad med handelsförbud. Det innebär således att om budgivaren förvärvat aktier innan genomförd due diligence att denne inte kan avyttra aktierna. Det blir särskilt betungande i det fall att budgivaren genom en due diligence insett att dessa är övervärderade eller till och med värdelösa. Danmark och Storbritannien har däremot valt en annan implementering av direktivet. Enligt min åsikt borde Sverige blicka västerut och lära av det land som varit förfadern och utvecklaren av takeover-reglerna sedan 1960-talet, avseende offentliga uppköpserbjudanden. I min slutsats föreslår jag därmed en förändring till nuvarande takeover-regler.

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  • 214.
    Adolfsson, Per
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Economics.
    Export of Pharmaceutical Products: An analysis of which factors that affects Sweden’s export of pharmaceutical products2007Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The pharmaceutical industry is one of Sweden’s most important export industries with 6% of total exports. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse which factors affect Sweden’s ex-port of pharmaceutical products. Further, the different pharmaceutical products group Sweden exports will be identified. The modern trade theory, the monopolistic competition model, the product life cycle theory and the gravity equation are used to explain and to un-derstand the problem at hand.

    To analyse the problem, data of Swedish export of pharmaceutical products from 1997 to 2003 was used to the 176 destination countries Sweden exported to during the time period. The following factors were used as independent variables; distance, Gross Domestic Prod-uct (GDP) /capita, Area, Population, dummy variable for EU-membership, dummy vari-able for English or Scandinavian speaking countries, dummy variable for bordering to Sweden, dummy variable for same religion as Sweden and a dummy variable for countries that are not land-locked.

    The findings coincide with previous studies in the manner that distance and GDP/capita have a major impact on the sales abroad of pharmaceutical products. Also, countries with a larger population are importing more than countries with a smaller population. However, the strong affinities between the exporter and the importing countries found in previous studies were not found in the export of pharmaceutical products. Further, Sweden exports most of the product group that includes medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses.

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  • 215.
    Adolfsson, Per
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Economics.
    Christensson, Jon
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Economics.
    Equity funds - and the Relationship between Return and Administration Fees2007Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The number of investmentfunds have dramatically increased in the last years and so have the interest in funds. 94% of the Swedish population between 18-74 years are investing in some kind of mutual fund. In 2005 the total fund capital was approximately 1.4 billion SEK. That makes this an important topic to investigate further.

    Therefore this thesis purpose is to analyse if there is any relationship between administrationfees, returns, the risk-adjusted performances. Furthermore, does the performance of the Swedish mutual funds differ dependent on whether they are managed by banks or if they are listed as Premiepensionsmyndigheten (PPM) funds, or run by other mutual fund companies?

    To analyse the problem a panel least square regression was used. The population consisted of 63 Swedish mutual equity funds over 20 quarters. Dummy variables were used to separate the banks- and PPM funds from the total population.

    The findings are mixed compared to previous research. There seem to be no relationship between the return, the risk-adjusted return and the administration fee. This indicates that the fund companies do not set their administration fee based on the expected return.

    However, a negative relationship was found between the market-adjusted return and administration fee.

    In general, the banks, on average, outperformed, the mutual fund companies that were not bank and/or PPM funds, in return, risk-adjusted return and market-adjusted return. Further, the funds with some additional fee had the on average second lowest efficiency in terms of return on the market.

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  • 216.
    Adolfsson Sjökvist, Simon
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Commercial Law.
    Mellanmannens skadeståndsansvar i samband med strandade företagsförvärv2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A company acquisition is a complicated and long process. The road to the final purchase agreement is lined with several contacts between the parties. By that, the parties may incur costs in order to acquire the company. Typically, negotiations are conducted with involvement of intermediaries, acting on behalf of the selling or the buying party. If the acquisition is aborted and the final purchase agreement fails to materialize, it is conceivable that the denied party wants compensation for its expenses in association with the negotiations. Then they can claim damages under culpa in contrahendo, negligence of contract conclusion. The intermediaries who negotiate for a principal may be subject to the above tort claims if certain subjective and objective condition exists.

  • 217.
    Adomnita, Alexandr
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Informatics.
    Balancing walled garden and open platform approaches for the Internet of Things: A case study of Husqvarna Group2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) was first introduced by a technology pioneer Kevin Ashton in 1999.Although the term is relatively new, the idea of making networks and computers communicate in order totrack and manage devices has been around for many years. As of now IoT is a rising topic in technicalcommunity. Some specialists are anticipating that by 2025 there will be around 100 billion connected IoTdevices with a worldwide economic impact of more than $11 trillion. On the other hand, Internet of Thingsemerges significant challenges. Currently the organization around world use two main approaches whenentering the IoT market. First one is an open platform and is represented by interoperability andcollaboration with devices from different vendors. Second one is a closed platform, or a “walled garden”approach. A “walled garden” approach is characterized by building “fences” around the user. In other words,the service provider has control over applications, content and media and also restricts the non-approvedcontent to reach the customer. Therefore, the research set out to explore these approaches and show thebenefits and limits they can have on an organization. The research was conducted in collaboration with aSwedish manufacturer of outdoor power products called Husqvarna Group. In order to fully acknowledgethe organization’s approach, 4 interviews were conducted with managers, back end developers andconsultants hired by Husqvarna Group. From the findings, some things should be taken in consideration.First, IoT involves big data being collected, therefore security and privacy are crucial when developingdevices and systems. Second, it is essential for an organization to have the same views when taking a newdirection. Third, when discussing Internet of Things, it means that things connect, devices to sensors,sensor to gateways and gateways to system. And there shouldn’t be a delimitation from a vendor to another.Therefore, open platform approach is seen as the way to diversity and innovation.

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    fulltext
  • 218.
    Adrienn, Nagy
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Sustainability in the Consumer decision Journey: Comparing the Nordics and Eastern EuropeMASTER2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Sustainability in the Consumer decision Journey
  • 219.
    Afandiyeva, Jamila
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Place brand building in Baku: Place branding2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose   

    The aim of this study is to explore if there is a gap between brand identity and brand image in the city of Baku.

    Background

    Having a strong city brand based on the positive perceptions from both internal and external stakeholders’ point of view is very important in today’s world of globalization when cities have to constantly compete for the share of tourists, investors etc. Therefore, in terms of the thesis we aspire to investigate if Baku has been successful to build a strong brand identity and whether the brand image mirrors it from the Swedish people’s perception.

    Method

    The study constructed upon a mixed research method, which based simultaneously on inductive and deductive approach. Interviews representing the qualitative reasoning approach are utilized in order to reach the data related the city brand image and city brand identity.

    Conclusion

    The city has a firm and rationally established brand identity. The current research revealed the gap between brand image and brand identity in Baku. Thus, that the city’s brand image is not fully reflecting the real brand identity, in particular due to the internal facts.

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    Place branding in Baku
  • 220.
    afentaous, somayya
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Anoud, Sayegh
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    COVID-19 Impact on Bank Profitability in the Nordic Countries: A study on how lockdown affected Sweden compared to the other Nordic countries2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 221.
    Afful, Ernestina Aba
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre for Entrepreneurship and Spatial Economics (CEnSE).
    Nasim, Sabahat
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre for Entrepreneurship and Spatial Economics (CEnSE).
    Determinants of success on Crowdfunding in Europe.: Evidence from Kickstarter Platform2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Crowdfunding has become an alternative source of funding for small medium enterprises (SMEs) due to inadequate or lack of finance at its start-up. There has been lot of analysis by scholars pertaining the determinants of crowdfunding success and the objective of this theory is to pinpoint the factors of a successful crowdfunding project based on the most analyzed determinants by prior researchers (technology-based projects, social media and entertainment-based projects, other projects (such as food, publishing, arts), visual features (such as pictures, comments, updates, videos,etc), as well as investors contribution. Also, to find out if the analysis of prior researchers are in line with the result of our analysis, we based our study on a sample of 1000 projects inclined on a crowdfunding platform (kickstarter) as at 2019. The econometric models used for the analysis were based on logit model, linear probability model, mean difference test and probit regression model (to serve as a check on robustness). The result of our analysis was indeed in line with prior research (Mollick, 2014; Schwienbacher et al., 2014, etc) except for technology-based projects. The outcome of our analysis depicts that the higher investors contribution, the higher the success of crowdfunding. Nevertheless, technology-based projects are less reliable and are less funded on kickstarter platform; thereby, having a low success rate on crowdfunding platforms. More funds were also made on projects relating to social media and entertainment (M&E) and other projects such as publishing, food,etc. The result of the probit regression shows a correct check on the analysis made even though, there might be slight differences in figures as compared to the result of the logit regression. The result of the probability of success rates of projects based on our four main variables of interest was 75% averagely for both logit and probit regressions performed. Start-ups (SMEs) frequently achieve a higher funding support depending on their projects at hand and this can be absolutely motivated by the presence of a high social media networks (thus, founder's link through Facebook, LinkedIn,Twitter and projects related to entertainment). Hence, from our analysis, the determinants of success of crowdfunding projects included high investors contribution, social media and entertainment projects, as well as, social media networks, project funding goal, project updates, project description and country selection of projects. Also, we found out that, project duration and visual description of projects such as images and videos do not contribute to the funding success of crowdfunding on kickstarter platform.

  • 222.
    Afrem, Rani
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Does the European Commission require more independence than investors?: A study of replies made to the Green Paper2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    In 2008 a global financial crisis erupted. Even though auditors were not to blame for the financial crisis the public questioned how auditors could issue a clean bill of health despite the serious weaknesses. This made the Commission release the 2010 Green Paper on audit policy: Lessons from the Crisis. The Green Paper is a consultation paper which received around 700 replies from various stakeholders. In 2011, the Commission presented their proposal on reform of the audit market, in which many of the key elements had been discussed in the Green Paper. The 2011 proposal seeks to enhance auditor independence and introduce a more dynamic audit market. The proposed reforms are very strict and if the proposal is passed in its current form it would imply a major change of the audit market. This thesis has studied the replies made by investors to the Green Paper; investors are the primary stakeholders and those who should be most concerned with auditor independence. It is therefore important and interesting to study their viewpoints to the Green Paper.

    Purpose

    The purpose of this study is to understand and explain investors’ standpoints on the proposals mentioned in the Green Paper to enhance auditor independence, and to examine whether the European Commission, as indicted by the 2011 proposal, require more independence than investors as indicted by the replies made to the Green Paper.

    Method

    This study has taken a qualitative approach where the data has been analyzed in-depth. The Green Paper consists of 38 questions; four of these have been studied as they strongly relate to auditor independence. Furthermore this thesis has studied the replies made by investors; investors are the primary stakeholders and those who should be most concerned with auditor independence. It is therefore important and interesting to study their viewpoints to the Green Paper.

    Conclusion

    The majority of the respondents’ are negative to the ideas presented in the Green Paper but that does not imply that the Commission requires more independence than investors. Both the Commission and investors argue that status quo is not an option and that auditor independence must be strengthened. What separates their views is how to strengthen auditor independence. The Commission seeks to impose strict regulations while investors prefer good corporate governance as an alternative approach to strengthen auditor independence.

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    Does the European Commission require more independence than investors?
  • 223.
    Afrouz, Mark
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Marketing and Logistics.
    Wahl, Tobias
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Marketing and Logistics.
    ‘Watch Out’ for Wearables: Factors that influence the purchase intention of smartwatches in Germany2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    The rapid growth and increased competition in today’s technology industry leads to a growth in consumers’ expectations on new presented products. One of the growing markets within the technology sector are wearable devices – especially smartwatches. Almost all major IT and electronic giants such as Apple, Samsung, Microsoft and Google offer smartwatches – competition is increasingly growing. Consumers benefit from the wide variety of choices while selecting a smartwatch – but what are the factors that influence them to purchase such a device? 

                                      

    Purpose:

    This thesis investigates the intention of German consumers to purchase smartwatches and examines the influencing factors.               

     

    Method:

    In order to meet the purpose of this thesis, the authors conducted a quantitative study. The data was collected by means of an online questionnaire among German consumers and was distributed via the messenger application WhatsApp. To ensure the collection of enough responses the authors chose to apply a non-probability snowball sampling approach. Beside demographical questions and two introductory questions concerning the knowledge and the usage of smartwatches, the questionnaire consisted of eight question blocks that have been developed based on two well-established models to predict human behavior and technology adoption: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).                    

    Conclusion:            

    The results of this study provide empirical evidence that the attitude towards using was the strongest predictor for the intention to purchase smartwatches.

    The outcomes further show that the attitude is influenced by the two hedonic factors perceived enjoyment and design aesthetics as well as by the utilitarian factor perceived usefulness. Out of those three factors perceived enjoyment was found to exert the strongest influence on attitude.

    Contrary to previous research, the results of this study could not reveal a significant influence of subjective norms on purchase intention. However, beside the attitude, perceived behavioral control was also found to influence purchase intention.

    The findings of this research allowed to draw a variety of theoretical and managerial implications as well as to develop possible research opportunities for future studies.

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  • 224.
    Agbakwuru, Blaise
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Jiang, Ruiyang
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    The Relationship Between Internet Connectivity and Labor Productivity: A study on the correlation between Internet connectivity and labor productivity in the European Union2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The level of labor productivity differs among the European Union countries, especially when you compare a developing country to a more developed country in the EU. This is an issue because the achievement of high labor productivity is a necessary stipulation for a developing economy to realize economic growth and more economic development. On the other hand, the more individuals in an economy with access to the internet (internet connectivity) depicts how developed the economy is in terms of information and communication technology (ICT). Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether there is a positive relationship between countries having high internet connectivity and labor productivity in the EU. In doing so, Political and entrepreneurial decision-makers can use these findings to decide how much attention or budget to put on the ICT sector to improve labor productivity. To understand the factors that affect labor productivity, Adam Smith and Karl Marx’s theory on labor productivity is used to gain a better understanding. A panel data analysis using a fixed-effect model and pooled OLS regression model is applied in the study to predict the relationship. The result of the study indicates that internet connectivity does not have a significant impact on Labour productivity, or there was not enough evidence showing that they are positively correlated with each other. 

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    Bachelor Thesis_Agbakwuru_Jiang
  • 225.
    Agebratt, Sophia
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Khoushaba, Ellen
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    MNEs management of CSR in subsidiaries: A multiple case study in Business Management2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract -  

    Background: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been a concept related to corporations for decades and is still highly relevant. The concept has been developed throughout the years, resulting in an extensive concept. This thesis, however, defines CSR as a corporation’s willingness, engagement and ability to participate in societal objectives.

     

    Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to analyse business management of CSR. More specifically, in the context of MNEs subsidiaries implementation and management of CSR in practice relating to services, retailing and manufacturing industries.  

     

    Method: A qualitative multiple case study was conducted in order to carry out the purpose. The empirical data was collected by doing 14 semi-structured interviews from five MNEs in three different industries. 

     

    Findings: Common findings in all five MNEs are, a global management team in all organizations, that the organizational goal is in line with the organizational standard and that all MNEs encounter a local demand. Moreover, all five MNEs were found to measure, track and evaluate their processes by using one or a couple evaluation methods. Lastly, it was clear that all responsibilities within Carroll's pyramid of CSR were valued within the participating MNEs and that CSR is believed to become increasingly more important in the future. 

     

    Conclusion: The final conclusion of this thesis is that the importance of CSR will increase in the future for MNEs and its subsidiaries based on the current market situation. Furthermore, MNEs tend to manage and implement CSR in subsidiaries based on a global framework. The amount of local adaptation differs between industries and MNEs, however, if the CAGE distance is bigger the local adaptation tends to be bigger.  

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  • 226.
    Ageev, Ivan
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Organisation of Structured Export Financing by Commercial Banks in Russian Federation2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper tries to define the concept of Export Finance and establish if the Export Financing is cost-effective way to raise capital and how is it organized in the Russian Federation. In order to do so, several methods have been used: the related literature has been studied, numerical analysis of economic-efficience of export financing has been prepared based on the real example and three interviews with experts in Export Finance have been conducted. The findings suggests that Export Financing is an attractive way of financing in a current economic environment and there is no credible alternative to it on the Russian market. Moreover, the analysis show that despite of the number of advantages, that Export Financing have, there are still some gaps in Export Financing, but in general, Export Finance area is developing and becoming more and more popular among russian importers and exporters

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    Export_Finance
  • 227.
    Agerberg Backlund, Filip
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Pettersson, Magnus
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Swedish Equity Mutual Fund Performance: A comparison between mutual funds provided by banks and their non-bank counterpart2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The fund market has increased in popularity over the past two decades. Today the majority of the highest asset funds on the Swedish market are managed and owned by banks. On the other hand, media is frequently publishing ranking lists and newsfeeds presenting the poor mutual fund performance of funds managed by banks. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse the performance of Swedish equity mutual funds in order to see whether funds managed by non-bank fund companies outperform their bank counterpart. The study uses monthly NAV rates to calculate different performance measurements and finds that the funds managed by other fund companies achieves higher risk-adjusted performance compared to funds managed by banks.

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    fulltext
  • 228.
    Aghaee, Naghmeh
    et al.
    Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, Stockholms universitet.
    Keller, Christina
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Informatics.
    ICT-supported peer interaction among learners in bachelor’s and master’s thesis courses2016In: Computers and education, ISSN 0360-1315, E-ISSN 1873-782X, Vol. 94, p. 276-297Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Peer interaction and collaborative learning through the use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is used to an increasing extent in higher education. Universities attempt to motivate learners (students) to support their peers to enhance the quality of learning outcomes. This study monitors how an ICTSS (ICT-based Support System) facilitates peer interaction in the Bachelor’s and Master’s thesis process. The aim of the study was to investigate learners’ perception of usefulness of an ICTSS for peer interaction and the influencing factors on the quality of the peer interaction. The ICTSS was developed at the Department of Computer and Systems Sciences (DSV), at Stockholm University. The system facilitates peer interaction in three ways: peer reviews, active participation, and final opposition. The study employed a mixed-method approach, which included an online survey followed by in-depth interviews. The target groups were learners at the Bachelor’s and Master’s level in computer science and information systems. The findings showed that learners perceived the peer interaction useful to enhance the quality of the thesis outcomes. However, there are influencing factors affecting the quality of peer interaction, in different phases of the thesis process. Examples of these factors are the quality of thesis manuscripts, supervisors’ control and grading of the process, clear instructions and guidelines, learners’ understanding of the peer interaction and why it takes place, previous training and learners’ motivation to perform peer reviews. Following these factors, the study developed a set of strategic suggestions from both pedagogical and technical aspects to enhance the peer interaction in the thesis process. Considering these suggestions makes the use of the ICTSS more effective to enhance the quality of thesis learning outcomes.

  • 229.
    Aghaee, Naghmeh M.
    et al.
    Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, Stockholms universitet.
    Keller, Christina
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Informatics.
    Choosing open source software: Strategies behind and reasons for municipalities’ use of Open Office2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to explore the strategies and reasons for Swedish municipalities to migrate from proprietary office applications, such as Microsoft Office, to the use of the open source software OpenOffice. We performed a comparative case study of three Swedish municipalities in the region of Västra Götaland currently implementing or planning to implement OpenOffice; Alingsås, Falköping and Kungälv. The methods of data collection used in the study were semi-structured interviews with IT managers, such as IT strategists and Chief Information Officers (CIOs), in each municipality, and document analysis.

    The findings of the study indicated that one of the municipalities had an IT strategy including strategies for use of open source software. The second municipality planned implementation of OpenOffice but were “between IT strategies”, as the current IT strategy hadn’t been updated for some years. The third municipality had abolished IT strategies, as the difficulties of anchoring strategies on all levels of the organisations were too large. Instead, operative guidelines concerning i.e. the use of open source software were used in IT management. The main driver of implementing OpenOffice was to lower IT costs. The IT managers were well aware of the fact that open source software is not entirely free of cost, but estimated the total cost of ownership of OpenOffice to be less than for Microsoft Office. Perceived barriers of implementation and use of OpenOffice were lack of standardisation with current administrative and enterprise systems used in the municipalities as well as a general lack of knowledge and familiarity with open source software among staff. There were also a genuine concern over the possibility of the community of OpenOffice developers leaving the program and its users to embark on new open source software project. The traditional relationship between systems suppliers and customers was perceived to disappear and be replaced with a much more uncertain business relationship. Further research in a larger number of Swedish municipalities is needed in order to increase the understanding of the circumstances of migration to open source software in municipalities.

  • 230.
    Aghajanyan, Sasha
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    The Decision-making Process and Bitcoin: How millennials' perception of what is trustworthy, useful, and safe is changing. 2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Money has changed many forms throughout human history. About anything has served as money, sea snails, salt, and stones. Money is valuable as long as we believe in its value and are willing to exchange this money for goods and services; it can therefore be viewed as a part of a social convention that changes forms as the way of communication evolves. One of the common trends that have been taking place in social patterns is the increasing gaps between different generations, a particular one being the decrease in financial literacy for every new generation since the silent generation. Moreover, lower levels of financial literacy have been identified with increased indebtedness, lower savings, and increased risk-taking. A negative trend taking place during a time when the economic environment is becoming increasingly complex. Something that has added to the complexity is Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency introduced in 2008 amid the financial crisis. 

    Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore how millennials' decision-making process to use Bitcoin occurs, how the individual perception is related to trust, usefulness, and safety, and in turn, explore what affects the perception and how this is related to the decision-making process.

    Method: This is a qualitative paper that has followed an interpretivism research philosophy, the approach has been inductive, and data has been collected through semi-structured interviews. 

    Conclusion: The decision-making process is influenced by perception, which heavily depends on subjective and objective knowledge. Therefore, it is not fiat currencies, Bitcoin, or other alternatives that are changing, but the perception of which options we perceive to be trustworthy, useful, and safe is changing.

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  • 231.
    Aghaunor, Lavin
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Informatics.
    Fotoh, Xavieria
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Informatics.
    Factors Affecting ecommerce adoption in Nigerian Banks2006Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
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  • 232.
    Agic, Elif
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Commercial Law.
    Normkollision mellan skatteavtal och intern rätt: - särskilt om interna motverkansåtgärder2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the ruling of RÅ 1996 ref. 84, it appears that in addition to the rules of interpretation arising under the Vienna Convention, it should also be given importance to the OECD Model Convention and its Commentary in the interpretation of tax treaties. The 2003 revision of the Commentary on Article 1 of the OECD Model Convention highlights the relationship between domestic anti-avoidance rules and tax treaties. The Commentary states that the domestic anti-avoidance rules should be given preference if there is clear evidence of a tax treaty abuse. In the ruling of 2010 ref. 112 HFD pronounced that national law may take precedence over a tax treaty if the legislature gave clear expression to the objective of the new law that it shall apply irrespective of the tax treaty.

    The purpose of this thesis is to analyze whether domestic anti-avoidance rules is a legitimate reason to deny or limit the tax benefits of a tax treaty, and to analyze how HFD ruled in the area of ​​rule competition, between tax treaties and domestic law.

    The conclusions presented in this thesis is that a transaction that violates domestic anti-avoidance rules not always violate tax treaties, which means that there may be situations where they conflict with each other. If it is a legitimate reason to give preference to domestic anti-avoidance rules depends on what position you have to the measures. One aspect is that a state would violate its obligations under international law if it would give preference to anti-avoidance rules before older tax treaties. The other aspect is that it is to be considered a legitimate reason since this would prevent tax payers attempt to evade tax which is not prevented by the tax treaty.

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    Normkollision mellan skatteavtal och intern rätt
  • 233. Agndal, H
    et al.
    Axelsson, B
    Melin, Leif
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management).
    Understanding Strategic Change2005In: Developing Sourcing Capabilities: creating strategic change in purchasing and supply management, Chichester: John Wiley , 2005Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 234.
    Agndal, Henrik
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Internationalisation as a process of strategy and change: A study of 16 Swedish industrial SMEs2004Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis reports a study of the internationalisation processes of 16 industrial SMEs located in the county of Jönköping (Sweden). More specifically, it identifies changes in international strategies, identifies reasons why changes are undertaken and discusses how these changes can be understood when placed in the context of the internationalisation process.

    The findings show that industrial SME managers tend to stress the importance of foreign sales but are often much more reluctant to buy products abroad. This means that while changes in foreign sales market strategy occur frequently in many firms, the process of foreign sourcing market expansion unfolds more slowly, involving fewer markets. The findings also indicate preferences for a low degree of complexity in foreign sales and purchasing. Therefore, industrial SMEs typically become involved in more complex ventures like foreign subsidiaries only when this is perceived as necessary, for example when there is risk of losing a foreign market.

    Mostly, changes in industrial SMEs’ international strategies are undertaken as responses to external opportunities, such as unsolicited orders. Changes much less frequently find their origin in internal initiatives. This pattern appears to pervade throughout the internationalisation process, even if a more critical attitude towards potential changes arises with increasing experience.

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    Fulltext
  • 235.
    Agndal, Henrik
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg.
    Borgström, Benedikte
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS).
    Hertz, Susanne
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS).
    Jensen, Leif-Magnus
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS).
    Pereseina, Veronika
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS).
    Cui, Lianguang
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS).
    Market innovation in the transport and heavy vehicle market2015In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual NOFOMA-Conference, Molde, 3-5 June, 2015., 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The purpose of this paper is to generate a greater understanding of the interrelatedness of new business models in the truck market and developments in the road transport sector.

    Design/methodology/approach

    Based on a three year research project in cooperation with a European heavy vehicle manufacturer, we present short case descriptions showing some of the main developments in the European trucking and transport markets. 

    Findings

    New business models emerge both in the heavy vehicle and transportation markets, in complex ways involving multiple actors.  The impetus for the models can come from several direction but the final impact must be negotiated and cannot be planned by a single actor.

    Research limitations/implications

    The research looks at a selection of cases and business models to demonstrate changes and the relations between the markets, and does not claim to be exhaustive in terms of the different business models in the European market. 

    Practical implications

    There is a distinct trend to greater specialization and the need for innovation to survive given the strong pressures in the commoditized transport market. Our findings show conflicting trends in terms of social implications, with improved ecological impact but the risk of worse conditions for driver. 

    Original/value

    The paper considers the development of new business models and implications on the market from the point of view of the firms actually using the business models.  This shows how different business models can co-exist and involve different types of rationalities.

  • 236.
    Agndal, Henrik
    et al.
    Gothenburg University.
    Borgström, Benedikte
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Pereseina, Veronika
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    From product through service and solution to performance: Value propositions, interaction patterns and capabilities2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – This paper explores differences in inter- and intra-organizational interaction patterns depending on the nature of customer value propositions. It also discusses capabilities related to these value propositions.

    Design/Methodology/Approach – We perform a case study of the evolving value propositions of a Swedish truck manufacturer. Interviews are conducted with key representatives of the manufacturer, dealers, customers, and customers’ customers. We draw on literature in the business marketing and purchasing area.

    Findings – The manufacturer makes four types of value propositions (cf. Anderson et al., 2006) associated with different interaction patterns. (1) A first type involves a basic product, i.e. a vehicle along with basic services, such as a warranty. The sales process represents a short dealer-customer negotiation to determine truck customization and price and is a general solution to a general problem. Interaction remains simple throughout the truck’s operating cycle; feedback to the product development and manufacturing function comes mainly from the manufacturer’s service organization. (2) A second type of value proposition involves optional add-on services that support the use of the product, such as repairs and maintenance, tire replacement, financing, and insurance. Although each service component is standardized, the package of services is selected by the buyer based on its needs. Interaction in regard to purchase and use is therefore more complex and ongoing. (3) In a third type, the customer buys truck(s) and services as an integrated solution to its specific sourcing problem. This requires a deeper understanding of how the customer uses trucks. Such an analysis relies on interaction between the manufacturer’s sales representatives and various functions at the customer. As the truck is used, interaction between manufacturer and customer is continuous. E.g., driving patterns can be analyzed and driving training be tailored to the needs of the customer; service needs are monitored, etc. (4) A fourth type involves not only a solution to a sourcing problem, but a co-created solution to support the customer’s value-creation. The customer buys solution performance that supports its revenue generation, not just its efforts to reduce costs. A deep understanding of the customer’s business is required with a focus on how the customer uses trucks to support its customers’ value creation. As payment is based on uptime (or other form of utilization), knowledge of truck usage is also needed by the manufacturer to determine price per km and to set service level agreement. Interaction is continuous and complex, with the manufacturer’s service organization taking over part of fleet management from the customer. These value propositions exist simultaneously and place very different demands on capabilities, which increase in number and particularity with more complex value propositions.

    Originality/value – We empirically identify four distinct value propositions that rely on different inter- and intra-organizational interaction patterns and require different capabilities.

  • 237.
    Agnesson, Daniel
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Informatics.
    Önder, Necip Yener
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Informatics.
    Customer Maturity Analysis Tool: A case study in designing a Customer MaturityAnalysis Tool2010Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The IT consultancy industry is characterized by knowledge intensive implementationprojects related to varying levels of standardized information system software. When faced with a large implementation project at a previously unknown customer various assessmentsis usually conducted to identify the level of fit between the software and organizationin order to plan and structure the implementation process. However, there are several aspects of the customer organization that potentially can affect the end result as well as the implementation process that is unrelated to the fit between the software and the implementation organization as well as the potency of the implementation method. By conducting measurements of these maturity factors within the customer organization the implementing procedure can be modified based on the customer maturity level in order to become more aligned with the capabilities present in the customer organization.

    Research question: Which aspects need to be covered by a Customer Maturity Analysis Tool (CMAT) in order to evaluate the pre implementation maturity for potential customersof our case company and how should these aspects be organized and measured? The first task of the research process was to create an underlying model of maturity perspectives and aspects to structure the literature review as well as the empirical data collection. It was decided to adhere to a deductive approach where the theoretical model would be validated and if necessary modified in accordance to feedback from potential users of the CMAT within the case company. This procedure was repeated in the creation of measurements and maturity levels for the aspects to be used in the tool. The research process would therefore transition from a general model based on literature review, through a iterative feedback loop to a final model tailored to the specific requirementsof the case company. The final CMAT ended up containing four main perspectives of customer maturity; ITi nfrastructure, Culture, Process and Business Governance. These four perspectives were in turn divided into subgroups in order to be able to aggregate and compare differentaspects of the perspectives with each other.

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  • 238.
    Agrodimou, Anamela
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Wellness tourism: through the lens of millennials' attitude: An exploratory qualitative study2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 40 credits / 60 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Background:       

    In recent years a rising concern towards health enhancement activities has been prominent across populations, leading to the emergence of a multi-dollar industry, namely the wellness industry, which spans across a wide spectrum of sectors, ranging from organic food to tourism. In fact, wellness tourism has been growing at an exponential rate, generating high revenues, forecast to rise. Given that millennials have been gradually replacing former generations, in volume size, it becomes evident why this age cohort has garnered massive media attention worldwide.

    Purpose:

    Nevertheless, although wellness tourism industry has sparked the attention of academic scholars and industry professionals, scant academic research has been conducted on the wellness travel attitude of this age cohort. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the attitude of millennials’ towards wellness travelling.                           

    Method:             

    For the purpose of this study, a qualitative research comprised of 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted within a sample of individual’s aged 23-35.

    Conclusion:         

    The results of this research indicated that this generational segment displayed a particular travel attitude towards wellness tourism, which can be understood from a cognitive, affective, and conative angle. Overall, the main cognitive associations and thoughts with wellness tourism entailed the notion of relaxation, and health-enhancement, whilst the core emotions experienced ranged from inner fulfillment, and happiness to nostalgia and serenity. The main benefits sought involved, escape from daily life and stress relief, which are consistent with prior studies.

    It was clear from this study that millennials are price-sensitive, and they cherish the variety of activities along with the novelty of experiences when travelling for wellness. This research also sheds light on the most frequently employed travel platforms and channels of communication, which can provide tourism marketing specialists and industry professionals with constructive recommendations in terms of advertising and communication of wellness travel offerings.

    However, due to time constraints, this study was subject to certain limitations, which hinder the generalizability of results across broader populations and diverse wellness travelers. Future research is thus much anticipated and needed to dig deeper into this lucrative market.

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    Anamela Agrodimou
  • 239.
    Agu, Onyekachi
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Hertzberg, Alexander
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    A Theoretical Investigation into the Pricing of Credit Default Swaps: The Role of Reflexivity and the Impact of Asymmetry2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Mathematical and quantitative sophistication provide financial institutions with scientific methods to price (over the counter) derivative products by the use of historical data and inputs. These inputs attempt to reflect the underlying reality within a company or economy quantitatively. This paper attempts to show how human perceptions based on input metrics that are used to help determine reality do not always offer reliable reflections of the underlying true picture. As a result of these misconceptions within derivative modelling we argue that risk managers must be able to overcome aspects of hidden risk in order to reduce large asymmetric losses within financial institutions.

  • 240.
    Aguero, Katherine
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Political Science.
    The Shining Path: An Analysis of a Terrorist Organization's Power2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Bechelor thesis
  • 241.
    Agyemang, Frank
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Informatics.
    Asante Ofori, Kingsley
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Informatics.
    Ofori, Sunday Jonathan
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Informatics.
    Promise and Performance of ERP (perspective of implementers)2006Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
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    FULLTEXT01
  • 242.
    Ahl, Gustav
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Commercial Law.
    Gränsöverskridande förlustutjämning: Är Sveriges nya förhållningssätt förenligt med EG-rätten?2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Magisteruppsatsen belyser de svenska reglerna avseende gränsöverskridande för-lustutjämningstransaktioner från ett gemenskapsrättsligt perspektiv. Fokus ligger på utjämningsmöjligheter då förlusten i ett utländskt dotterbolag är slutlig. Det är osäkert vilka grunder som rättfärdigar avdrag. I uppsatsen analyseras därför fyra Regeringsrättsmål i ljuset av den Europeiska gemenskapens domstols domar i Marks & Spencer-fallet och i Oy AA-fallet. Finansdepartementet lämnade förslag på ändrade regler för avdragsrätt vid förlustutjämningstransaktioner mellan kon-cernbolag den 22 september 2009. Förslaget jämförs med det tidigare lagförslaget om likvidationsavdrag, Regeringsrättsmålen och gemenskapsrätten. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda om Sveriges nya förhållningssätt är förenligt med gemen-skapsrätten.I det svenska regelverket regleras koncernbidrag i inkomstskattelagen kapitel 35 och fusioner i inkomstskattelagen kapitel 37. För att ett bolag ska beviljas av-dragsrätt för ett koncernbidrag ska bidraget vara skattepliktigt hos mottagaren och mottagaren ska vara skattskyldig i Sverige. För att en fusion ska vara kvalificerad ska det fusionerade bolaget direkt innan fusionen vara skattskyldig i Sverige. Des-sa förutsättningar är inte uppfyllda när det mottagande eller fusionerade bolaget har sin hemvist i en annan medlemsstat i gemenskapen.I fallet Marks & Spencer bedömer Europeiska gemenskapens domstol att kon-cernavdrag kan beviljas mellan moderbolag och dotterbolag i särskilda fall. För-lusten i dotterbolaget ska vara slutlig, vilket innebär att den omöjligen ska kunna utnyttjas av vare sig dotterbolaget självt eller någon utomstående person. Domen i Oy AA-målet innebär att regler som förhindrar avdrag för koncernbidrag kan vara proportionerliga om de vägrar avdrag för koncernbidrag till ett moderbolag och förlusten kan utnyttjas i framtiden. Lidl Belgium-fallet behandlar situationen när en förlust uppstår i en filial som är en del av huvudbolaget.Bestämmelser som inskränker den fria etableringsrätten kan rättfärdigas utifrån tvingande hänsyn till allmänintresset. Motiv för att tillämpa bestämmelser som in-skränker den fria etableringsrätten kan vara territorialitetsprincipen, bevarandet av skattesystemets inre sammanhang, neutralitetsprincipen, undvikande av risken för dubbelt beaktande av förluster och risk för skatteflykt. En kombination av flera motiv kan leda till att inskränkande bestämmelser kan rättfärdigas. Bestämmelser-na ska även vara legitima och proportionerliga för att de syften som eftersträvas uppnås.I fyra av de totalt tio rättsfallen som Regeringsrätten meddelade dom i avseende gränsöverskridande koncernbidrag har Skatterättsnämnden ansett förlusten vara slutlig, vilket berättigar till avdrag för koncernbidrag. Skatteverket, Skatterätts-nämnden och Regeringsrätten lägger olika innebörd i begreppet slutlig förlust. Oklarheterna utreds därför i ljuset av gemenskapsrätten. Regeringsrätten bedömer att en likvidation av det förlustbetingade dotterbolaget innebär att förlusten är slut-lig. Skatterättsnämnden anser att en förlust kan vara slutlig även då det förlustbe-tingade dotterbolaget upphör att bedriva verksamhet genom att det fusioneras med ett annat koncernbolag och om det finns regler i mottagarstaten som begränsar att en förlust rullas framåt. Skatteverket menar att en förlust är definitiv när dotterbo-laget självt eller en utomstående person annan än dotterbolaget inte kan utnyttja förlusten.Inom Europeiska Unionen har ett arbete med en gemensam skattebas påbörjats. En sådan skattebas skulle troligtvis undanröja en del av de problemen som gräns-överskridande förlustutjämningstransaktioner innebär. I avvaktan på att arbetet med den gemensamma skattebasen blir färdigställd kan gränsöverskridande för-lustutjämningstransaktioner underlättas genom att medlemsstaterna enas om defi-nitionen av olika skatterättsliga begrepp.För att det svenska förhållningssättet ska vara förenligt med gemenskapsrätten måste, enligt min mening, ett förtydligande ske på tre punkter. Jag anser, för det första, att det ska vara möjligt att ge koncernbidrag mellan systerbolag om deras gemensamma mo-derbolag har sin hemvist i Sverige. För det andra menar jag att det ska vara möjligt att ge koncernbidrag till ett indirekt helägt dotterbolag med slutliga förluster om det totala ägandet är mer än 90 procent. Jag anser också att slutlig förlust, det vill säga att alla möjligheter att utnyttja förlusten i dotterbolagets hemstat har uttömts, ska innefatta för-luster på grund av likvidation, konkurs och fusion då all verksamhet i dotterbolagets hemstat upphör.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 243.
    Ahl, Helene
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Florin Samuelsson, Emilia
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Networking through empowerment and empowerment through networking: Results from a practical experiment using networking through empowerment to enhance women's entrepreneurship2000Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report documents and evaluates an EU-sponsored project, designed to test and develop the empowerment model in building networks among entrepreneurs - primarily female - to strengthen their businesses and their business skills. Specific skills to be developed were language skills and information technology skills. The participants formed a local network, but they were also connected to sister projects in Germany, Italy, Belgium and Holland. The Swedish network consisted of 40 participants, divided into two groups (one in 1998 and one in 1999) who met regularly in their large group as well as in subgroups during the year. They also took part in business related courses, and undertook a study visit to their sister projects in the fall. Most of the participants were newly started entrepreneurs, and the majority of the firms were sole proprietorships in the service sector. Four coordinators, themselves part of the target group, initiated and managed the project. Representatives from the local sponsors formed a managing group.

    The report documents the project from inception to end, based on observations, interviews, document reviews, questionnaires and logbooks. Results as far as business growth and participants’ assessments of the project were positive. The majority of the companies increased their turnover during the project year, and no business closed. Three of four participants were satisfied, and three of four had their expectations, most frequently of networking with other entrepreneurs and of learning new skills, fully or partly met. Networking in a small group of peers where everyone gives and takes on an equal basis was the main factor producing the positive results. The groups provided colleagues, a sounding board, and a way to build entrepreneurial identity by mirroring each other’s experiences.

    Based on the experiences in Empag, and on previous research on empowerment, we found that empowerment may be understood in two, radically different ways. We have labeled the first radical empowerment. It is built on consensus decision making in a group of equals. Strategic decisions are made collectively, while routine decisions may be assigned to members. It is a protest against hierarchical structures and it recognizes no formal leader. The “power” in empowerment emanates from the inner strength of the involved actors. We have called the other model mainstream empowerment. This is a management tool for making the actors stronger and more motivated, and thus increases efficiency. It is practiced within hierarchical structures with formal leadership. There are boundaries for what the group may decide and what management sets. The latter typically makes the strategic decisions. The “power” in empowerment is interpreted as redistribution of power and resources from higher to lower levels of the echelon.

    The difficulties experienced in Empag centered on organizational issues, such as information and clarification of boundaries for decisionmaking. In the terminology of the empowerment models outlined above, the difficulties emanated from mixing the two models. Given the organizational constraints of Empag, only mainstream empowerment could be practiced. The spirit of empowerment in a more radical sense was, however, communicated and aspired for. Our recommendations for future projects concentrate on how to make mainstream empowerment practice more productive. The first and foremost suggestion is to communicate the nature of the model and its organizational constraints clearly. Also important is to consider leadership and group composition. Groups that are homogeneous as to goals, values and ambitions facilitate empowerment. Businesses of similar age, type, and size, and entrepreneurs of similar interests, age and gender make for a situation where the participants can give and take on equal terms. However, we do not recommend avoiding heterogeneity altogether. Learning to deal with ambiguity and the fact that different individuals may have completely different versions of reality is part of adjusting to the life of an entrepreneur.

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    Fulltext
  • 244.
    Ahl, Helene
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, Lifelong learning/Encell.
    Florin Samuelsson, Emilia
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Testing networking strategies for nascent women entrepreneurs2001Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 245.
    Ahl, Helene
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, Lifelong learning/Encell. Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Florin Samuelsson, Emilia
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
    Walking a tightrope: Women entrepreneurs on the pricing decision as a delicate act of balancing inner and outer forces1999In: Sailing the Entrepreneurial Wave into the 21st Century: proceedings for the USASBE Entrepreneurship Conference in January 1999 / [ed] Scott William Kunkel, San Diego: University of San Diego , 1999Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is a pilot study on the rationales for pricing decisions among a group of female entrepreneurs. For the purpose of avoiding pre-determined categories and allowing novel ideas and concerns to emerge, a focus group methodology was employed. Unlike the dominating literature on the subject which sees pricing as a rational decision based on costs, customer value and competition, this study suggests that both contextual factors and psychological factors are important. Important contextual factors were culture, regional characteristics and gender. Important psychological factors were sense of fairness, morals, identity, self-image, need for confirmation and self-confidence.

  • 246.
    Ahlberg, Heléne
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Andersson, Linn
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    How do Banks Manage the Credit Assessment to Small Businesses and What Is the Effect of Basel III?: An implementation of smaller and larger banks in Sweden2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Small businesses are considered as a valuable source for the society and the economic growth and bank loan is the main source of finance for them. Small businesses are commonly seen as riskier than larger businesses it is thus noteworthy to examine banks’ credit assessment for small businesses. The implementation of the Basel III Accord will start in 2013 with the aim to generate further protection of financial stability and promote sustainable economic growth, and the main idea underlying Basel III is to increase the capital basis of banks.

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe how larger and smaller banks in Sweden are managing credit assessment of small businesses, and if this process differs according to the size of the bank. The authors further want to investigate how expectations of new capital regulations, in form of Basel III, affect the credit assessment and if it is affecting the ability of small businesses to receive loans.

    Method: In order to meet the purpose of the thesis a mixed model approach is used. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with representatives from three smaller and three larger banks. Additional, statistics were computed in order to examine the economic state of the Swedish market, where also an archival research with 10 allocated banks operating with corporate services was executed.

    Conclusions: The banks have a well-developed credit process where building a mutual trust relationship with the customer is crucial. If the lender has a good relationship with the customer, it will ease the collection of credible information and thus enhance the process of making right decision. The research examined minor differences between smaller and larger banks in their credit assessment. Currently, the banks do not see any problems with adjusting to the new regulation and thus do not see specific effects for small businesses and their ability to receive loans. The effects that can be identified by the expectations of Basel III are the banks’ concern of charging the right price for the right risk and the demand of holding more capital when lending to businesses. The banks have come a long way on the adjustment to Basel III, which has pros and cons, thus it implies that banks are already charging customers for the effect of the regulations that will not be 100 percent implemented until 2019. The difference that was identified between larger and smaller banks is that larger banks seem to have more established strategies when working on the implementation of Basel III.

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    Banks credit assessment to small businesses
  • 247.
    Ahlberg, Jakob
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Marketing and Logistics.
    Successful Methods of Viral Marketing2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 248.
    Ahlberg, Jenny
    et al.
    Linnaeus Univ, Vaxjo Campus, Vaxjo, Sweden..
    Collin, Sven-Olof Yrjo
    Free Univ Scan, Kristianstad, Sweden.;Kharkiv Univ Humanities, Peoples Ukrainian Acad, Kharkiv, Ukraine..
    Smith, Elin
    Kristianstad Univ, Kristianstad, Sweden..
    Uman, Timur
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration. Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre for Family Entrepreneurship and Ownership (CeFEO).
    Board functions in governance arenas: a comparative case study of four Swedish family firms2023In: Journal of Family Business Management, ISSN 2043-6238, E-ISSN 2043-6246Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore board functions and their location in family firms. Design/methodology/approach: Through structured induction in a four-case study of medium-sized Swedish family firms, the authors demonstrate that board functions can be located in other arenas than in the common board and suggest propositions that explain their distribution. Findings: (1) The board is but one of several arenas where board functions are performed. (2) The functions performed by the board vary in type and emphasis. (3) The non-family directors in a family firm serve the owners, even sometimes governing them, in what the authors term "bidirectional governance". (4) The kin strategy of the family influences their governance. (5) The utilization of a board for governance stems from the family (together with its constitution, kin strategy and governance strategy), the board composition and the business conditions of the firm. Research limitations/implications: Being a case study the findings are restricted to concepts and theoretical propositions. Using structured induction, the study is not solely inductive but still contains the subjectivity of induction. Practical implications: Governance agents should have an instrumental view on the board, considering it one possible governance arena among others, thereby economizing on governance. Social implications: The institutional pressure toward active boards could paradoxically reduce the importance of the board in family firms. Originality/value: The board of a family company differs in its emphasis of board functions and these functions are performed with varying emphases in different governance arenas. The authors propose the concept of kin strategy, which refers to the governance importance of the structure of the owner and observations on bi-directional governance, indicating that the board can govern the owners.

  • 249.
    Ahlbin, Charlie
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Commercial Law.
    Behörig domstol i tvister gällande gränsöverskridande försäkringsavtal2005Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Försäkringar är en typ av tjänster som lämpar sig särskilt väl för internationell handel då försäkringsavtal enkelt kan slutas mellan två parter utan att några varor eller ar-betskraft behöver förflyttas över gränserna. Den gränsöverskridande handeln med försäkringar aktualiserar precis som den övriga gränsöverskridande handeln den in-ternationellt privaträttsliga problematiken. Det är dock ofta så att försäkringstagaren befinner sig i en utsatt situation när försäkringen väl behöver användas. Försäkringen faller ju i många fall ut när försäkringstagaren lidit någon typ av skada. Med tanke på att försäkringstagaren befinner sig i en utsatt situation både rent ekonomiskt och för-handlingsmässig har lagstiftaren valt att särskilt reglera detta område. Dessa typer av skyddsregleringar återfinns bland annat i de regelverk som styr domstolarnas behö-righet på den internationella privaträttens område. Behörighetsfrågan i försäkringstvister är förenad med vissa problem. I första hand stöter parterna på problemet med att det finns ett flertal regelverk som behandlar just behörighetsfrågan i försäkringstvister. Dessa regelverk innehåller likartade regler för försäkringstvister men regelverkens tillämplighetsområden skiljer dem åt. Reglerna som återfinns i Bryssel I-förordningen, Brysselkonventionen och Lugano-konventionen är tvingande och möjliggör för försäkringstagaren att väcka talan både vid den ort i vilken försäkringsgivaren har hemvist samt vid den ort där försäkrings-tagaren har hemvist. Försäkringsgivarens möjligheter att väcka talan är i princip be-gränsade till den ort där försäkringstagaren har hemvist. Genom behörighetsreglerna begränsas parternas möjligheter att genom prorogationsavtal avtala om domstols be-hörighet eftersom skyddet för försäkringstagaren inte skall sättas ur spel genom ett sådant avtal. Det förhåller sig dock på det sättet att regleringarna inte bara skall till-lämpas när styrkeförhållandet mellan parterna är ojämnt utan även i fall när parterna är att se som jämbördiga vilket i sin tur kan skapa omotiverade fördelar för försäk-ringstagaren. Ytterligare problem uppkommer på grund av att regelverken inte är tillämpliga på skiljeförfarande vilket kan komma att underminera skyddsregleringarna då regelver-ken som styr domstolarnas behörighet inte blir tillämpliga på denna typ av avtal.

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  • 250.
    Ahlden, Oscar
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Kollberg, Felix
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Business Administration.
    Female directors relationship to financial performance.: A study of female directors impact on financial performance and the presence of "glass cliff" in Sweden.2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Gender diversity within the boardroom is an important theme in the research of corporate governance. The lack of female directors during recent years have raised attention where the prejudice against women have been a central theme. Especially, in a gender egalitarian country as Sweden. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between female directors and financial performance, but also the presence of the “glass cliff” theory. The study is based on companies listed on Large Cap in Sweden, where data are collected from annual reports and a database. The collected data are analyzed by several statistical methods. The findings show that female directors do have a positive impact on a company’s financial performance, in terms of accounting-based measurements. However, the market-based measurement does not a provide a significant relationship to female directors, indicating that the Swedish stock market does neither positively or negatively react to a more gender diverse board. As no differences in performance are seen preceding the appointments of females compared to males, no evidence for the “glass cliff” is found. The findings suggest that female directors may enhance the performance of a company and disproves the prejudice against women. Further, the findings indicate that the Swedish boards are becoming more diverse, where precarious situations are not the reason for women to be appointed to the board. 

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    fulltext
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