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  • 1.
    Agevall Gross, Lotta
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Denvall, Verner
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Kjellgren, Cecilia
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Brottsoffer i indikatorland: Öppna jämförelser inom socialtjänstens brottsofferstödjande arbete2015In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift, ISSN 1104-1420, E-ISSN 2003-5624, Vol. 22, no 3-4, p. 341-358Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Crime victims in Indicatorland – Open comparisons in the social services’ work with victim support

    Since the 90s there have been extensive changes in the public sector, such as rationalization and increasing demands for documentation and review. The changes have also affected the social services’ victim support work that has increasingly been subject to various forms of regulation, such as requirements for monitoring, evaluation and quality assurance. This article aims to examine one of the monitoring systems applied in the victim support work: the instrument of open comparisons. This article is based on an exploratory study of the local organization of crime prevention in two municipalities and analyses how the processes of open comparisons are organized at local, regional and central levels. The empirical data consists of documents such as legal sources and handbooks from e.g. the National Board of Health and Welfare and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, as well as documents obtained locally in the two municipalities. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with professionals working on different organizational levels. 

    Analytically the study has been inspired by programme theory, which made it possible to concentrate on clarifying the operational idea in which open comparisons are based and capturing the consequences in the two cases. 

    The study shows that open comparisons have been implemented without support from existing research. However, strong normative support for open comparisons exists within governmental agencies and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions. They are included as one of many elements of New Public Management and result in changes in the victim support work. In contrast to present visions, the performance is not affected to any significant extent. In contrast, a comprehensive administration is created, where employees of municipalities are supposed to collect data, register information and analyse the results generated by the open comparisons.

  • 2.
    Agevall Gross, Lotta
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Denvall, Verner
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Fighting men`s violence against woman in the age of evidence and NPM2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Men's violence against women is a widespread global problem and a serious threat to women's health. This symposium will report from a study in Sweden that studies mechanisms that influence the design of interventions contesting domestic violence in two cities.

    The symposiums three presentations will answer the following questions:

    1. Given the fact that the organizations face many different views and ideologies; how does this affect the ways the problem of domestic violence is represented?

    2. In what way affects ideas from performance measurement and new public management the interventions?

    3. In what way are the social services organizing towards an evidence-based practice in this field?

    Presentation 1 Interpersonal violence-From policy to local practice

    Presentation 2 Open Comparisons in social work

    Presentation 3 Negotiating in risk assessment practices

  • 3. Agevall Gross, Lotta
    et al.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Brottsoffer i indikatorland: en analys av programidén och implementeringen av Öppna jämförelser inom brottsofferområdet2015In: Presentation på Brottsoffermyndighetens viktimologiska forskarkonferens, 10 november 2015, Stockholm, 2015Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Idén om mål- och resultatstyrningen har fått stort genomslag i offentlig förvaltning. Det brottsofferstödjande arbetet som riktas mot våldsutsatta personer har liksom andra ansvarsområden inom socialtjänstens verksamhetsfält mött ökade krav på att säkra och redovisa kvalitet. Öppna jämförelser är ett instrument som används inom offentlig verksamhet för att mäta, offentliggöra och jämföra kvaliteten av det arbete som bedrivs. År 2012 lanserades för första gången öppna jämförelser inom brottsofferområdet. I studien analyseras Öppna jämförelsers programidé och dess implementering inom brottsofferområdet. Empirin utgörs av för studiens syfte, relevanta styrdokument samt intervjuer med aktörer på central nivå (Socialstyrelsen och SKL), regional nivå (Länsstyrelsen) samt lokal nivå (två fallkommuner i södra Sverige) Fokus riktas mot hur de har arbetat med Öppna jämförelser och vilka erfarenheter de har gjort. 12 I presentationen av studien visar författarna hur Öppna jämförelser avseende stöd till brottsoffer inte fått det genomslag som regeringen förutsatt. Den politiska styrningen är tydlig samtidigt som de olika ”intressenter” som Öppna jämförelser är tänkt att vara till för i praktiken givits en marginaliserad position

  • 4.
    Arnesson, Kerstin
    et al.
    Institutionen för socialt arbete, Linnéuniversitetet, Sverige.
    Börjeson, Martin
    Linköpings universitet, Socialt arbete.
    Denvall, Verner
    Institutionen för socialt arbete, Linnéuniversitetet, Sverige; Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Johansson, Kerstin
    Linköpings universitet, Centrum för kommunstrategiska studier – CKS.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Institutionen för socialt arbete, Linnéuniversitetet, Sverige.
    Wallinder, Magnus
    Socialförvaltningen i Ljungby, Lungby, Sverige; Förbundet för forskning i socialt arbete (FORSA).
    Socialtjänstens kris kräver lösningar2016In: Svenska Dagbladet, ISSN 1101-2412Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Ingress: I socialtjänstlagen finns höga ambitioner, men för att kunna leva upp till dem krävs åtgärder. Utbildningen till socionom behöver förstärkas och det krävs mer resurser till forskning inom området, skriver flera sakkunniga gemensamt.

  • 5.
    Bergman, Paula
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ADULT. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue). Department of Public Health and Healthcare, Region Jönköpings län, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Rusaw, David
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ADULT.
    Bülow, Pia H.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue). Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Jansson, Inger
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ADULT.
    Effects of arts on prescription for persons with common mental disorders and/or musculoskeletal pain: A controlled study with 12 months follow-up2023In: Cogent Public Health, E-ISSN 2770-7571, Vol. 10, no 1, article id 2234631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Involvement in arts has shown potential to promote mental health. Thus, arts may be able to complement conventional healthcare to address common mental disorders (CMD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of a 10-week Arts on Prescription program regarding CMD (stress, anxiety, depression), compared to conventional healthcare. The study also aimed to examine whether CMD differed between groups.

    Methods: A quasi-experimental prospective design with intervention and control group and 6- and 12-month follow-up was used to evaluate an Arts on Prescription program in Sweden, focusing on the effects on stress, anxiety, and depression. Participants were on sick leave due to CMD and/or musculoskeletal pain. Data was collected using questionnaires.

    Results: The study population consisted of 479 participants (n=247 intervention group, n=232 control group). The result indicates a greater effect size (ŋ) in the intervention group compared to the control group for reduction in stress, anxiety, and depression at follow-up after 12 months. The difference in depression was significant.

    Conclusions: The results indicate AoP could be an adjunct to conventional healthcare interventions to address CMD, especially depression.

  • 6.
    Börjesson, Ulrika
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue). Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Research and Local Development, Region Jönköping County, Sweden; Jönköping Municipality, Sweden.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Bülow, Pia H.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue). Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, South Africa.
    Bülow, Per
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue). Psychiatric Clinic, Ryhov County Hospital in Jönköping, Sweden.
    Vejklint, Mattias
    Psychiatry, Substances Abuse and Disabilities, Research and Local Development, Region Jönköping County, Sweden.
    Wilińska, Monika
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    “It’s about Living Like Everyone Else”: Dichotomies of Housing Support in Swedish Mental Health Care2021In: Social Inclusion, ISSN 2183-2803, E-ISSN 2183-2803, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 276-285Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care has not only altered the living conditions for people with severe mental illness but has also greatly affected social services staff. In the Mental Health Act launched by the Swedish government in 1995, a new kind of service called ‘housing support’ and a new occupational group, ‘housing support workers,’ was introduced. However, housing support does not currently operate under any specific guidelines regarding the content of the service. This study explores housing support at local level in various municipalities of one Swedish county. The data is based on discussion with three focus groups: care managers, managers for home and community‐based support, and housing supporter workers. The perspective of institutional logics as a specific set of frames that creates a standard for what should or could be done, or alternately what cannot be questioned, is applied to analyze the constructed meaning of housing support. The meaning of housing support is constructed through three dichotomies: process and product, independence and dependence, and flexibility and structure. These dichotomies can be understood as dilemmas inherent in the work and organizing of housing support. With no clear guidelines, the levels of organizational and professional discretion create a space for local flexibility but may also contribute to tremendous differences in defining and implementing housing support. We discuss the potential consequences for housing support users implied by the identified discrepancies.

  • 7.
    Denvall, Verner
    et al.
    School of social work, Lund university, Lund, Sweden.
    Agevall Gross, Lotta
    Department of social work, Linnaeus university, Växjö, Sweden.
    Kjellgren, Cecilia
    Department of social work, Linnaeus university, Växjö, Sweden.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Department of social work, Linnaeus university, Växjö, Sweden.
    Lost in comparison: a program theory analysis of performance measurement in social work2021In: Nordic Social Work Research, ISSN 2156-857X, E-ISSN 2156-8588, Vol. 11, no 3, p. 249-263Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Since the 1990s, social work has been subject to requirements for monitoring and quality assurance. Here we examine one of the monitoring systems: Open Comparisons (OC). Gradually expanded and published online by a national agency, the OC now has around 350 indicators that cover major areas within social work in Sweden. We use program theory to clarify the operational idea in which OC is based. To do this, we analyse domestic violence data gathered from two social service organizations, from the regional level and from governmental agencies. The results show a strong normative support for OC within national level. However, OC is time consuming, its data are questionable, and its reliance on name-and-shame seems dubious. OC represents a trend in social work that may influence changes in routines and provide new kinds of performance measurements that affect how social work is organized.

  • 8.
    Denvall, Verner
    et al.
    School of Social Work, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Bridge over Troubled Water—Closing the Research–Practice Gap in Social Work2021In: British Journal of Social Work, ISSN 0045-3102, E-ISSN 1468-263X, Vol. 51, no 7, p. 2722-2739Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Since starting over a hundred years ago social work has been occupied with the division into academic and practical knowledge. A common theme in scientific journals of social work is how this gap can be understood and resolved. The initial purpose of this article was to carry out a systematic review to find out if and how the gap could be bridged. Because few independent studies could be found, the study instead took the form of a scoping review with more included articles. The results show concrete suggestions as to how to bridge the gap, but also three discourses with dissimilar problem definitions and solutions. The emergence of proposals such as the evidence-based practice and its diverse combinations, the formation of new institutions, and today’s globalisation triggers this fragmentation. The consequences are vast confusions of opinions and explanations which illustrate competing knowledge positions. The authors propose that researchers and practitioners should orient themselves in this landscape when building bridges between academia and practice. Instead of taking the research–practice gap for granted, they suggest that social work should relate more closely to these three discourses.

  • 9.
    Kjellgren, Cecilia
    et al.
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Agevall-Gross, Lotta
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Thulin, Johanna
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Denvall, Verner
    School of Social Work, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    How did women exposed to domestic violence experience support provided by social work and woman's shelters during the pandemic?2023In: European Conference on Domestic Violence: Sept 11-13, 2023, Reykjavík Iceland: Abstract book, 2023, p. 42-43Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study we explore to what extent COVID-19 affected victims of domestic violence regarding the quality of support received. Thirty help seeking women receiving support from a specialized department or a women's shelter were interviewed. The analysis revealed that the experiences of receiving support was dependent on access to digital solutions, treatment phase and relationship with the therapist. Varied experiences among the respondents were identified. Some experienced that contact with helpers became more distant, that trust was affected as a consequence of the pandemic, and conversely, others expressed that the quality of contact was very good and was not affected by the pandemic. Quotes from respondents will be presented and implications of the findings discussed during the session.

  • 10. Kullberg, Christian
    et al.
    Herz, Marcus
    Fäldt, Johannes
    Wallroth, Veronica
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Ersta Sköndal Högskola.
    Ljunggren, Mia (Editor)
    Genus i socialt arbete2012Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Boken belyser på ett systematiskt sätt hur genusdimensionen formar socialt arbete. Boken ger perspektiv på genusfrågan utifrån fyra delar av det sociala arbetet: det sociala arbetets problem- och verksamhetsområde, det sociala arbetets organisering, professionaliseringen av socialt arbete,samt det direkta arbetet med brukarna. Författarna diskuterar de utmaningar som det sociala arbetet står inför när det gäller att skapa utrymme för kritisk reflektion kring den egna praktiken och att praktiskt genomföra ett genusmedvetet socialt arbete.Boken kan läsas av både dem som är nybörjare på området och dem som är mer bevandrade i genusteori. Även om boken i första hand vänder sig till verksamma inom socialt arbete är innehållet relevant också för andra professioner som till exempel läkare, psykologer och sjuksköterskor.

  • 11. Kullberg, Christian
    et al.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Betydelsen av position, sammanhang och relation för svenska socialarbetares förståelse för unga män som utsatts för våld.2014Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien fokuserar socialarbetares föreställningar om mäns viktimisering när de har utsatts för våld. Att undersöka socialarbetare förståelse och bedömning av män som utsatts för våldsbrott är en viktig uppgift för att utveckla professionellt socialt arbete. Detta eftersom kunskaper från sådan forskning kan bidra till en bättre förståelse av sådana tankemodeller som vägleder professionella hjälpare i deras arbete.

    Syftet med studien är att fördjupa förståelsen för hur mäns position i könsordningen, kontextuella faktorer och relationen mellan offret och gärningspersonen influerar socialarbetare förståelse och bedömningar av unga mäns viktimisering.

    Tidigare forskning om betydelsen av mäns position i genusordningen, det sammanhang som våldet förekommer i samt relationen mellan offret och gärningspersonen är utgångspunkt för studien. Dessutom används attributionsteori samt genus- och maskulinitetsteori som teoretiskt ramverk.

    Studien genomförds med hjälp av fokusgruppsintervjuer med socialarbetare i vilka två olika fall diskuteras, en där en ung man som misshandlade av en okänd gärningsman i offentlig miljö och en annan där en ung man misshandlas av en partner av det motsatta könet i hemmet. Det empiriska materialet består av fokusgruppsintervjuer med sexton svenska socialarbetare som arbetar med att stödja unga brottsoffer inom fem specialiserade enheter (

    Stödcentrum för Unga Brottsoffer). Två olika vinjetter används som stimulusmaterial i intervjuerna. I en version har offret utsatts för våld av en okänd man på en offentlig plats. I det andra har offret attackerats av en kvinnlig partner i hemmet. Innehållsanalys användes för att analysera deltagarnas diskussioner.

    Resultaten visar att socialarbetarna diskussioner rör sig kring följande teman med anknytning till de tre dimensionerna, position, sammanhang och relation:

    Manlighet och mäns självbild; Mäns hjälpbehov och hjälpsökande beteende; Stöd som finns och hur socialarbetare bästa arbetar med att ge råd och stöd; Manlighet, våld, hämnd och viktimisering; Egna handlingars betydelse för våldet och viktimiseringen; Alkoholens betydelse för våldet och viktimiseringen samt betydelsen av att offret har en nära relation till gärningspersonen alternativt att denna är okänd för offret.

    Inom de aktuella temana framträder en bild av att socialarbetarnas i vissa avseenden har relativt genustraditionella förväntningar på viktimiserade män och manlighet. Emellertid uppvisar de professionella också en medvetenhet om att de unga männens hjälpbehov inte alltid matchas av samhällets hjälpapparat och välfärdsinstitutionerna som helhet och att den hjälp som ges både kan producerar och reproducerar en mer begränsad (restricted) maskulinitet snarare än en att bidra till mer inkluderande (inclusive) former

  • 12.
    Kullberg, Christian
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Män som våldsoffer – en introduktion2022In: Att möta våldsutsatta män: förståelse, bedömningar och hjälpinsatser / [ed] Mikael Skillmark & Christian Kullberg, Studentlitteratur AB, 2022, Uppl. 1, p. 13-44Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Kullberg, Christian
    et al.
    Mälardalen University.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Reluctant Help-Seekers and Agentic Victims: Swedish Social Workers’ Talk about Young Men Victimised by Violence2017In: Practice, ISSN 0950-3153, E-ISSN 1742-4909, Vol. 29, no 4, p. 259-277Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this article is to investigate how Swedish social workers who work with supporting young crime victims construct young men’s violent victimisation and their need for help. The data consist of three qualitative focus group interviews with trained social workers working with young crime victims. Based on data from focus group interviews, the analysis shows that the social workers do not portray young men as passive victims; instead, they are viewed as victims playing an active role in triggering the assault and trying to handle their victimisation on their own. Social workers also describe young men as reluctant to seek help and as emotionally withdrawn. The discussion addresses how male victims of violence are constructed and how clients’ as well as professionals’ traditional gender role expectations might affect the possibility for young men in distress to receive help.

  • 14.
    Kullberg, Christian
    et al.
    Mälardalen University.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    The significance of position for Swedish social workers’ understanding of young men’s victimization of violence2017In: Nordic Social Work Research, ISSN 2156-857X, E-ISSN 2156-8588, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 54-66Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Violence against women and men is a widespread and serious social problem, often with severe consequences for the victims. Even though young men are among those most at risk of exposure to physical violence, men’s victimization is only recognized to a limited extent. The aim of this study is to deepen our understanding of how social workers’ interpretation of the position of males in the gender order affects their understanding of male victimization. The study was designed as a multiple case study with a qualitative comparative approach. Focus group interviews supported by vignettes were used to collect data. Interviews were carried out with professional Swedish social workers working with victimized men and women at centres for young crime victims in Sweden. The results show that even though the social workers express traditional gender beliefs about young men’s experiences of victimization and their inability to identify themselves as victims of violence, they also to some extent resist taken-forgranted notions of male victimization. The results also show that the social workers to some extent offer supportive measures that reinforce traditional expectations of masculinity. On the basis of the results it is suggested that one important way of developing social work with young male victims of violence would be to give greater attention to variations between different men and masculinities and how these different forms of masculinity are differently connected to crime and violence, and to adapt supportive measures to reflect these differences.

  • 15.
    Kullberg, Christian
    et al.
    Högskolan Dalarna.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Nord, Carina
    Socialt arbete.
    Pers, Anna
    Socialt arbete.
    Fäldt, Johannes
    Mälardalens högskola.
    Förståelse, bedömningar och hjälpinsatser: Socialarbetares arbete med män som våldsoffer2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report outlines the background to, and presents the results from the Crime Victim Compensation and Support Authority funded project "Social Workers' understanding of men as victims of crime". The project aimed at describing and analyzing how social workers understand and work with male victims of violence. More precisely, the research has focused on how social workers describe men's vulnerability and how they understand men's needs for assistance, what assistance that is provided and the way the constellations of perpetrators and victims of different gender and contexts in which the violence occurs in affect the understanding of male victims of violence. The study has also been devoted to the question of whether the Support Centers for young crime victims in Sweden provide different types of and different amount of help to young men and women afflicted of violence. The project was conducted in three substudies.

    The results from substudy 1 show that more young men than women seek support from the Support centers studied. Men predominate in number of cases and in the different categories of crime. The results also show that young men on average receive less assistance over a shorter average duration than young women. This applies irrespective of the category of offense that the vulnerability applies to. Furthermore, the young men, compared to the women, proportionally receive fewer interventions characterized as support and a greater proportion of interventions in the form of information. The results also show that the young men are referred on for further action to a lesser extent than is the case for women.

    The results from substudy 2 show that social workers tend to focus on whether, and to what extent, young men who are victims of violence themselves have behaved provocatively before the violence incident and if they have put themselves in a social situation that could be interpreted as having contributed to an escalation of the violence they have been subjected to. The results from substudy 2 also show that social workers talk about the men as active in the violent situations they have been involved in and dwell on the extent to which the young men's own actions have contributed to the violence. The results also show that young men who are victims of violence are described as "reluctant" victims who are trying to cope with their situation on their own without the involvement of professional or other helper. The young men are also described as reluctant to talk about their feelings.

    The results of substudy 3 show that social workers believe that young men, when they become victims of violence, risks losing their sense of autonomy, initiative and decisiveness, that is, attributes that are often linked to the dominating cultural image of masculinity. Furthermore, the results show that social workers estimate that men's practicing of their masculinity, but also the response that men who are traumatized get from society, creates difficulties for them to get help. The results from substudy 3 also shows that attributes and actions that can be connected to the masculinity of young men's, as well as a lack of such attributes and actions are considered to be adequate explanations for the violence the men has suffered. When it comes to violence in public places it is the masculinity that explains the violence and its escalation. When it comes to domestic violence it is the lack of expected male attributes and actions that are used as explanations for the violence that have occurred.

    The discussion is devoted to the question of how the results should be understood based on the concepts of self-performance, interpretation, negotiation and categorizations, and the consequences the results obtained should have for gender sensitive social work given to abused men.

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  • 16.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Att bedöma risk för våld i socialtjänsten – mellan standardiserade bedömningar och individuella behov2021In: Intersektionella perspektiv på våld i nära relationer / [ed] L. Moser Hällen, Stockholm: Liber, 2021, p. 217-226Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Behavioural Science and Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue). Institutionen för socialt arbete, Linnéuniversitetet.
    Riskbedömningens logiker i arbetet med mäns våld mot kvinnor2017In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift, ISSN 1104-1420, E-ISSN 2003-5624, Vol. 24, no 3/4, p. 201-218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the past two decades, social workers’ assessment and decision-making skills in client cases have been the subject of increased attention. The profession’s ability to conduct accurate assessments has been questioned. One way to seek to improve assessment work has been to implement various risk assessment tools. This article describes how social workers reason in risk assessment situations involving women exposed to violence by a previous male partner. The assessments studied here have been carried out with the assessment tool FREDA. The analysis reveals three logics in the social workers’ reasoning: the addiction logic, the normalization logic and the safety logic. These logics illustrate how social workers’ deliberations and assessments are not governed in a rectilinear manner by the standardized tool but that risk is negotiated also by drawing on other knowledge sources. Although standardization can be seen as a way for professionals to strive for more secure social work, the participants at the same time acknowledge the uncertainty associated with assessment work in which future violence is to be predicted. This however can have consequences for how the victims of violence are expected to live their lives.

  • 18.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Standardisering inom människobehandlande organisationer2023In: Människobehandlande organisationer: Villkor för ledning, styrning och professionellt välfärdsarbete / [ed] S. Johannson, P. Dellgran & S. Höjer, Stockholm: Natur och kultur, 2023, 2, p. 275-293Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work.
    Strävan efter standardisering i socialtjänstens arbete med våld i nära relationer. Om etablering av riskbedömningspraktiker, deras innehåll och (in)stabilitet2018Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I detta föredrag presenteras resultat från ett avslutat forskningsprojekt om framväxten av arbetsmetoder inom området våld i nära relationer i två kommunala kontexter. Syftet med den aktuella studien var att undersöka hur idén att använda riskbedömningsverktyg manifesteras och processas i socialtjänstens arbete med våld i nära relationer. Analysen baseras på intervjuer med olika aktörer (socialarbetare, chefer, politiker, utvecklingsledare) och på dokument. Resultaten visar att en relativt liten grupp av socialarbetare i organisationerna varit framgångsrika i att föra fram sina anspråk och besluta hur riskbedömningsarbetet ska genomföras, utan särskilt mycket inblandning från chefer eller politiker. Resultaten visar också att en alltför stor tilltro till riskbedömningsverktyg paradoxalt nog kan leda till en professionell osäkerhet och instabil praktik där andra kunskapskällor underbetonas. Dessa resultat sätts i relation till, och diskuteras utifrån, tidigare forskning som knyter den tilltagande standardiseringen inom socialtjänst och angränsade fält till en de-professionalisering av välfärdsprofessionella. 

  • 20.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Uppdrag standardisering: införande och användning av manualbaserade utrednings- och bedömningsverktyg i socialtjänsten2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis addresses the issue of standardization in social work. Standardization is a necessary and fascinating, though underestimated, phenomenon, which governs, regulates and calibrates social life. In Swedish social services, we have witnessed an increased use of top-down imposed manual-based tools for investigative and assessment work. In human service organisations, such as social services, this raises questions about social workers’ control in terms of how work should be executed as well as the implications of standardization for professional discretion. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and understand standardization as a phenomenon, focusing on its consequences for social work as a profession and a field of practice.The thesis consists of four papers investigating the implementation and execution of manual-based assessment tools (BBIC, FREDA and SARA) in social services. The empirical material is based on interviews with a total of 68 social workers, managers, politicians and officials as well as documents and observations of risk assessment events. Each paper results from the analysis of an exclusive data set, with the concepts used in the analysis coming from theories of professions and organisations.The results show that increased standardization is a way for social workers to seek legitimacy as well as to claim jurisdiction and increase professionalism. The execution of the tools in social work is conditioned by significant key implementation factors in organisational contexts as well as the compatibility between the construction of tools and users’ needs and expectations. Along with previous research and theory, the results from the four papers are used to develop a tentative taxonomy of different discretionary positions that social workers can take with regards to standards in their practice. Those positions illustrate that it is not straightforward how the increased standardization of investigative and assessment work will impact professional discretion. It is argued that a balance between standardization and professional discretion is possible.

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  • 21.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Agevall Gross, Lotta
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Kjellgren, Cecilia
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Denvall, Verner
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    The pursuit of standardization in domestic violence social work: A multiple case study of how the idea of using risk assessment tools is manifested and processed in the Swedish social services2019In: Qualitative Social Work, ISSN 1473-3250, E-ISSN 1741-3117, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 458-474Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This multiple case study examines how the idea of using risk assessment tools is manifested and processed in Swedish social services. Based on the analysis of interviews with different stakeholders and of organizational documents in two social service organizations, we investigate the actors who control local risk assessment practices. The findings illustrate that a relatively small group of social workers in the organizations have been able to forward their claims and decide how risk assessment work should be carried out without much intrusion from local managers or politicians. The findings also validate other studies that found that increased standardization can strengthen social workers’ ability to perform their professional task rather than lead to de-professionalization. This article ends with a discussion of what risk assessment practices might mean for domestic violence victims.

  • 22.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Denvall, Verner
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    The standardizers: social workers' role when implementing assessment tools in the Swedish social services2018In: Nordic Social Work Research, ISSN 2156-857X, E-ISSN 2156-8588, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 88-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Standardisation and standards are common in the modern world, including in social work. This article focuses on social workers who implement the assessment tool Children’s needs in focus (Barns behov i centrum BBIC) in Swedish social work with children and families. Inspired by ‘siblings’ in the UK, the National Board of Health and Welfare has developed and supported the implementation of the BBIC. From the start, the implementation strategy was to engage well-educated and experienced social workers as educators. The article studies these educators (standardizers) as mediators between national imperatives and local practice during the implementation of the BBIC in the social services. Based on interviews with 10 BBIC educators, three standardizer roles were identified: the instrumental, the adaptive and the transformative. These roles affect the practice of social work in potentially different ways.

  • 23.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Denvall, Verner
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    When research moves in: the diffusion of evidence-based practice in Swedish social work2016In: 6th European Conference for Social Work Research: Reflective social work practices in contemporary societies : dialogues and new pathways between praxis and research : Book of Abstracts & Prgoramme Book / [ed] Francisco Branco, Inês Amaro, Cristina Albuquerque, Maria Isabel Santos, Ana Oliveira, Inês Guerra, 2016, p. 242-243Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    In Sweden, as elsewhere, the development of evidence-based practice (EBP) in social work has been debated for over a decade now. One of the issues concerns the top-down strategy used by the Swedish government to enhance the knowledge about interventions in social work practice. Critiques argue that this is not a feasible way forward; instead the social work profession needs to take over the leader pin. This of course calls for structures that enable social work practitioners and researchers to engage in practice-based research in order to solve current and urgent issues. Academic primary- -care centers have been established as a possible way forward in implementing an evidence-based medicine in Swedish healthcare. Clinical research is one of the basic tasks in those centers, involving much of the personal. Here, we will reflect upon the possibilities for a similar approach within the social services. This presentation aims to present research about the conditions for new pathways between Swedish social work practice and research and to critically review the idea of academic social services offices. The following questions will be addressed:(i) What characterizes an academic social services office?(ii) What are the opinions of management in charge? (iii) What are the recommendations from research?

    Methods

    A survey was launched twice (2005 and 2015) to the leading association of administrative leaders in the social services in Sweden. Among other things they were asked about their opinions of EBP and of clinical research in social work, also if they were in the need of staff with a PhD-education. Furthermore, a review of relevant literature and expert consultations is being undertaken focusing on significant mechanisms when it comes to establishing structures in order to support the development of academic social services offices and practice-based research.

    Results

    Results from the survey show that leaders are more positive towards EBP today than ten years ago. However they are not keen on hiring staff educated in research and especially management in smaller organizations express severe difficulties to hire staff with appropriate skills and to further develop the competence to do research within their workplace. This calls for collaborations with other organizations as well as with researchers from universities and R & D-units. Results from reviews and expert-interviews will be added.

    Conclusions

    Administrative leaders support the idea of a knowledge-based social work and to use interventions whose effects are demonstrated by evaluations. However they lack strategies, competence and role-models to create a research-based organization. This paper-presentation contributes to the building of bridges between practice and research through presenting analysis of the views of management as well as innovative ways of research-production within the social services.

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  • 24.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Denvall, Verner
    School of Social Work, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Kjellgren, Cecilia
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Thulin, Johanna
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Agevall-Gross, Lotta
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Balancing in the pandemic: how social workers respond to new risks when supporting clients who experience domestic violenceBalansera i pandemin [Socialarbetares responser på nya risker när stöd ges till klienter som upplever våld i nära relation]2023In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 26, no 5, p. 935-947Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Since the winter of 2020, COVID-19 has significantly changed the lives of many people. The aim of the present study is to explore how social workers specialised in the field of domestic violence (DV) balance the expectation and need to protect themselves from infection with the expectation and need to protect their clients and how this balancing affects their discretion. The method was qualitative interviews with social workers, team leaders, and managers in two Swedish municipalities. The results offer insights in how professionals experience and respond to changing conditions of social work and the potential consequences for victimised women. Three street-level responses to pandemic restrictions are presented: professionals who complied with new restrictions, professionals who negotiated some far-reaching restrictions, and professionals who resisted restrictions. Consequences for the social services, women experiencing DV, and civil society are discussed. The authors suggest that the results provide learning opportunities for managers and social workers to better understand the complex everyday life that surrounds their mission.

  • 25.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Denvall, Verner
    School of Social Work, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Thulin, Johanna
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Kjellgren, Cecilia
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Agevall-Gross, Lotta
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Balancing in the pandemic – how social workers respond to new risks when supporting clients who experience domestic violence2023In: European Conference on Domestic Violence: Sept 11-13, 2023, Reykjavík Iceland: Abstract book, 2023, p. 42-42Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the challenges domestic violence social workers face when balancing between protecting themselves, their co-workers, and clients from sickness while at the same time providing support. Drawing on interviews with eleven professionals and theories of discretion we analyzed how and why responses to COVID-19 restrictions were formed. Three responses were revealed. First, professionals complied with pandemic restrictions. Second, professionals negotiated practices to counter the negative effects of restrictions. Third, professionals also resisted restrictions altogether – i.e., they claimed to break the rules for a higher moral purpose. Awareness of the three different positions social workers occupy and their need to balance different demands provides insight into the negotiations that the work entails. Managers directives seem to be transformed into negotiations to protect interests of the social workers or of their clients.

  • 26.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Kullberg, ChristianMälardalens högskola.
    Att möta våldsutsatta män: förståelse, bedömningar och hjälpinsatser2022Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Hur förstår och hanterar professionella inom människobehandlande organisationer män som utsätts för våld? På vilket sätt påverkar föreställningar om män och manlighet och om offer och sårbarhet hur män bemöts?

    Det här är den första svenska boken där författarna utifrån forskning tar ett samlat grepp om brottsofferfrågan ur ett genusperspektiv och särskilt fokuserar på mäns våldsutsatthet. Tanken är att innehållet ska vara en utgångspunkt för kritiska reflektioner kring hur våld som socialt problem förstås och hur genus hanteras inom brottsofferområdet. En central fråga i boken är på vilket sätt föreställningar om män och maskulinitet(er) påverkar upplevelsen av utsatthet för våld och även det stöd och den hjälp som ges.

    Att möta våldsutsatta män riktar sig till alla som studerar inom socialt arbete men också till exempelvis socionomer, psykologer, sjuksköterskor och andra yrkesverksamma inom människobehandlande organisationer.

  • 27.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Kullberg, Christian
    Mälardalens högskola.
    Att stödja våldsutsatta män och kvinnor: former, omfattning och innehåll2022In: Att möta våldsutsatta män: förståelse, bedömningar och hjälpinsatser / [ed] Mikael Skillmark & Christian Kullberg, Studentlitteratur AB, 2022, Uppl. 1, p. 101-126Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 28.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Kullberg, Christian
    Mälardalens högskola.
    Konstruktioner av genus, våld och hjälpbehov2022In: Att möta våldsutsatta män: förståelse, bedömningar och hjälpinsatser / [ed] Mikael Skillmark & Christian Kullberg, Studentlitteratur AB, 2022, 1, p. 151-178Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA).
    Kullberg, Christian
    Swedish social workers understandings of the significance of position, context and relationship for young men’s victimization of violence: Resisting gender stereotypes?2015In: Presentation at European Conference on Domestic Violence, Queen’s University Belfast, Ireland, 6th-9th September, 2015, 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work.
    Kullberg, Christian
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    The significance of context and victim–offender relationship for Swedish social workers’ understandings of young men’s violent victimization2020In: International Review of Victimology, ISSN 0269-7580, E-ISSN 2047-9433, Vol. 26, no 3, p. 295-313Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article investigates how social workers’ interpretations of contextual factors and the relationship between victim and offender affect their understanding and assessment of male violent victimization. The study was designed as a multiple case study with a qualitative comparative approach. Focus group interviews supported by vignettes were used to collect data. Interviews were carried out with professional Swedish social workers working with victimized men and women at support units for young crime victims in Sweden. The results show that the social workers consider the violence that the young men are subjected to in cases of street violence and interpersonal violence to be unavoidable or even ‘natural’. The violence was in some cases considered to be dependent on the men’s own agency and in others on their lack of agency, when displaying traits of both more traditional and less traditional forms of masculinity respectively. The social workers’ talk about young male crime victims is interpreted as contributing to making the men appear as less legitimate victims. Even though the social workers argued that the victims’ own behaviour should not lead to any special considerations concerning help efforts, the possibility of upholding such a demarcation between explanations ascribed to the violent incident and help measures offered is problematized in the article. 

  • 31.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal University College.
    Kullberg, Christian
    Fäldt, Johannes
    Balancing on the continuum between perpetrator and victim: Social workers understandings of men as victims of violence2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Department of Social Work, Linneaus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Oscarsson, Lars
    Department of Social Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Applying standardisation tools in social work practice from the perspectives of social workers, managers, and politicians: a Swedish case study2020In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 265-276Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article reports findings from a case study of the practical application of a standardisation tool in everyday social work practice. The example tool used herein is the Swedish version of the UK-based Integrated Children's System, which in Sweden is known as Children's Needs in Focus (Barns Behov i Centrum; BBIC). The study analyses group and individual interviews with social workers, managers and politicians using concepts from implementation research and the micro-sociological concept of accounts. The findings demonstrate how participants describe and explain their deviations from the BBIC manual and from the more informal intentions of the tool. Such deviations are conditioned by the fact that professionals often employ their own discretion in their work, which is necessarily inherent in human service occupations such as social work. Although the BBIC was initially well received, the professionals describe how that reception eventually turned to scepticism and a more critical stance toward the manual. This can be attributed to both absence of significant necessary implementation conditions and key organisational factors as well as a lack of compatibility between the tool's construction and users' needs and expectations. This article also discusses the general socio-technical and organisational implications of these findings.

  • 33.
    Thulin, Johanna
    et al.
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Agevall-Gross, Lotta
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Kjellgren, Cecilia
    Department of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
    Denvall, Verner
    School of Social Work, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    How did people engaged at woman’s shelters respond to the new times of uncertainty when supporting clients during the pandemic?2023In: European Conference on Domestic Violence: Sept 11-13, 2023, Reykjavík Iceland: Abstract book, 2023, p. 42-42Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out there was an expressed concern for women and children exposed to interpersonal violence. U.N. testified that violence against women, was highly intensified during this time, and described the situation as a shadow pandemic. A concern expressed was that abused women’s possibilities to reach out for help and support now were being limited. We have interviewed volunteers and staff at women’s shelter, to create a picture of how they navigated in the silence that arose in the wake of the pandemic. We are particularly interested in how they understood and acted in relation to this situation of uncertainty. We will present how uncertainty is transformed to risk and how risk is managed when giving support to women exposed to violence during the pandemic.

  • 34.
    Östlund, Lena
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Institute of Gerontology. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Sandberg, Jonas
    Department of Nursing Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Skillmark, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Ernsth-Bravell, Marie
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Institute of Gerontology. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Johansson, Linda
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Institute of Gerontology. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    A Swedish study about how staff reason and act when they suspect domestic abuse perpetrated by relatives of persons with dementia2024In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 387-400Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Older persons with dementia have several risk factors for being exposed to domestic abuse, for example dependency on others to manage daily life. The purpose of the study was to explore how staff act and reason when suspecting domestic abuse perpetrated by informal caregivers of persons with dementia. Eight semi-structured group interviews were conducted with staff (n = 39) working with persons with dementia living in their ordinary homes. A thematic analysis generated two themes; Missing a map for guidance and Being left to one’s own inner compass for direction indicating that staff experienced a lack of guidelines and protocols to work from when suspecting abuse. This resulted in staff taking actions based on their own norms, values, and experiences when suspecting domestic abuse. Not knowing how to act risks leading to staff ending up doing nothing or being unable to identify effective interventions, accompanied by feelings of guilt and ethical stress. The results highlight the necessity of providing staff with tools for how to act when they suspect domestic abuse, such as collaboration with others, colleagues, and other organisations where different options for interventions can emerge.

1 - 34 of 34
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