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  • 1.
    Adedeji, Dickson O.
    et al.
    Psychiatric Clinic, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Holleman, Jasper
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Juster, Robert-Paul
    Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
    Udeh-Momoh, Chinedu T.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Hagman, Göran
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Aspö, Malin
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Adagunodo, Sofia
    Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Håkansson, Krister
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kivipelto, Miia
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Solomon, Alina
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sindi, Shireen
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Longitudinal study of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, allostatic load, and cognition among memory clinic patients2023Ingår i: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - Health, ISSN 2666-3546, Vol. 28, artikel-id 100592Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Allostatic load (AL) is defined as the cumulative dysregulation of neuroendocrine, immunological, metabolic, and cardiovascular systems that increases the susceptibility to stress-related health problems. Several dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors have been identified, yet little is known about the role of AL and its associations with AD biomarkers (e.g., beta-amyloid (Aβ) or tau) and cognitive function among memory clinic patients. Hence, this study aims to assess the association between AL and AD biomarkers, cognitive performance, and cognitive decline after 3-years of follow-up.

    Methods: Data from 188 memory clinic patients were derived from the Cortisol and Stress in AD (Co-STAR) study in Sweden. Participants underwent baseline assessments including blood tests for AL measures (including cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone, cobalamin, homocysteine, leukocytes, glycated hemoglobin, albumin, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling for AD biomarkers and neuropsychological tests including five cognitive domains. Linear regressions were conducted, adjusting for age, sex, and education.

    Results: Higher AL was associated with lower CSF Aβ1-42 levels (β = −0.175, p = 0.025), reflecting higher brain levels of Aβ1-42. Stratified analyses suggested a significant association among women but not men, although the AL-sex interaction was not statistically significant. AL was not significantly associated with T-tau level (β = −0.030, p = 0.682) and P-tau level (β = 0.091, p = 0.980). There were no significant associations between AL and cognition or cognitive decline after 3 years.

    Conclusion: This study showed that higher AL was associated with increased brain amyloid accumulation. This suggests that AL may play a role in AD/dementia pathophysiology. Potential sex-related differences should be assessed in further larger studies.

  • 2.
    Agahi, Neda
    et al.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kelfve, Susanne
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lennartsson, Carin
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Alcohol consumption in very old age and its association with survival: a matter of health and physical function2016Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence, ISSN 0376-8716, E-ISSN 1879-0046, Vol. 159, s. 240-245Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Alcohol consumption in very old age is increasing; yet, little is known about the personal and health-related characteristics associated with different levels of alcohol consumption and the association between alcohol consumption and survival among the oldest old.

    Methods

    Nationally representative data from the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD, ages 76-101; n = 863) collected in 2010/2011 were used. Mortality was analyzed until 2014. Alcohol consumption was measured with questions about frequency and amount. Drinks per month were calculated and categorized as abstainer, light-to-moderate drinker (0.5–30 drinks/month) and heavy drinker (>30 drinks/month). Multinomial logistic regressions and Laplace regressions were performed.

    Results

    Compared to light-to-moderate drinkers, abstainers had lower levels of education and more functional health problems, while heavy drinkers were more often men, had higher levels of education, and no serious health or functional problems. In models adjusted only for age and sex, abstainers died earlier than drinkers. Among light-to-moderate drinkers, each additional drink/month was associated with longer survival, while among heavy drinkers, each additional drink/month was associated with shorter survival. However, after adjusting for personal and health-related factors, estimates were lower and no longer statistically significant.

    Conclusions

    The association between alcohol consumption and survival in very old age seems to have an inverse J-shape; abstention and heavy use is associated with shorter survival compared to light-to-moderate drinking. To a large extent, differences in survival are due to differences in baseline health and physical function.

    Graphical abstract

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  • 3.
    Agahi, Neda
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Lennartsson, Carin
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Karolinska Institutet.
    Shaw, Benjamin A.
    School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
    Trajectories of social activities from middle age to old age and late-life disability: a 36-year follow-up2013Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 42, nr 6, s. 790-793Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: to examine the association between 34-year trajectories of social activity, from middle age to old age and late-life disability.

    METHODS: data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) and the Swedish Panel Study of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) were used. LNU data from 1968, 1981, 1991 and 2000 were merged with SWEOLD data from 1992, 2002 and 2004 to create a longitudinal data set with five observation periods. Trajectories of social activities covered 1968-2002, and late-life disability was measured in 2004. The sample consisted of 729 individuals aged 33-61 at baseline (1968), who participated in at least four observation periods and who were free from mobility limitations at baseline. Four trajectories of social activity were identified and used as predictors of late-life disability.

    RESULTS: reporting low/medium levels of social activity from mid-life to old age was the most common trajectory group. Persons reporting continuously low/medium or decreasing levels of social activity had higher odds ratios for late-life disability (OR = 2.33 and OR = 2.15, respectively) compared with those having continuously high levels of activity, even when adjusting for age, sex and mobility limitations, and excluding persons with baseline mobility limitations.

    CONCLUSIONS: results suggest that the disability risk associated with social activities is related to recent levels of activity, but also that risk may accumulate over time, as indicated by the higher disability risk associated with the continuously low/medium level social activity trajectory.

  • 4. Agahi, Neda
    et al.
    Shaw, Ben
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Lennartsson, Carin
    Trajectories of social activities and mobility problems from middle to old age2012Ingår i: The 21st Nordic Congress of Gerontology, Dilemmas in Ageing Societies, Abstracts and Program, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 10th - 13th, 2012, 2012, s. 207-Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To investigate how trajectories of social activities, suchas spending time with family and friends, observed during a34-year period (from middle age to old age) were associated withtrajectories of mobility problems during the same time periodamong men and women.Methods: Nationally representative data from the Swedish Levelof Living Survey (LNU) and the Swedish Panel Study of the OldestOld (SWEOLD) were used. LNU data from 1968, 1981, 1991 and2000 were merged with SWEOLD data from 1992 and 2002 tocreate a longitudinal dataset with four observation periodscovering the period 1968-2002. The sample consisted of thoseaged 40-60 years at baseline who survived through the period,and participated in at least three observation periods (n=698).Trajectories of social activity were identified through clusteranalysis, and then used as predictors of mobility trajectories inmultilevel regression models.Results: Most people had a socially active life as they moved frommiddle age into old age. Five trajectories of social activity wereidentified: continuously very active, continuously active,increasing social activity, decreasing social activity, and continuouslyinactive. Upholding a very active social life was morecommon among women than men.Mobility problems increased significantly over time for bothwomen and men. Among men, decreasing activity levels overtime were associated with a faster increase in mobility problems.Among women, those who were continuously inactive or whodecreased their activity levels had higher levels of mobilityproblems, but the increase in mobility problems with age wassimilar across trajectories of social activity.Conclusions: Most men and women had high levels of socialactivity in midlife, and continued their high activity levels into latelife. Decreasing social activity was related to worse mobility inboth men and women. The nature and direction of theseassociations need to be explored further.

  • 5.
    Ahacic, Kozma
    et al.
    Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kennison, Robert F.
    Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, California.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Alcohol abstinence, non-hazardous use and hazardous use a decade after alcohol-related hospitalization: registry data linked to population-based representative postal surveys2014Ingår i: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 14, nr 874, s. 1-13Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Although there is evident association between alcohol-related hospitalization and alcohol use, the relationship has not been well examined. This study analyzed the extent of alcohol abstinence, non-hazardous use and hazardous use among people who had experienced alcohol-related hospitalization during the preceding decade.

    METHOD:

    Registry data concerning alcohol-related hospitalizations between 1996 and 2007 were linked to two representative surveys, in 2006 and 2007, of residents of Stockholm County. Relevant contrasts were modeled, using logistic regression, in the pooled sample (n = 54 955). Ages were 23-84 years at follow-up.

    RESULTS:

    Among persons previously hospitalized (n = 576), half reported non-hazardous use. Non-hazardous use was less prevalent than in the general population--and the extent of non-hazardous use did not change over time following hospitalization. There were no significant age differences, but non-hazardous use was less frequent among people with repeated episodes of care. One in six was abstinent. Abstinence was more common among the old, while hazardous use (exceeding 14 drinks per week for men, and 9 drinks per week for women) decreased with age. Abstinence also increased over time; among persons hospitalized ten years ago, the abstinence rate was twice that of the general population. Associations with hazardous use over time were less conclusive. Hazardous use among those previously hospitalized decreased over time in one sample but not in the other. After pooling the data, there were indications of a decrease over time following hospitalization, but more prevalent hazardous use than in the general population.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Following alcohol-related hospitalization, abstinence increased, and there was no evidence of regression towards the mean, i.e., towards non-hazardous use. Abstinence was also more widespread among previously hospitalized persons of older ages. With advancing age, changing hazardous alcohol habits among previously hospitalized appears to yield a trend towards promotion of abstinence.

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  • 6. Ahacic, Kozma
    et al.
    Kennison, Robert F.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Changes in sobriety in the Swedish population over three decades: age, period or cohort effects?2012Ingår i: Addiction, ISSN 0965-2140, E-ISSN 1360-0443, Vol. 107, nr 4, s. 748-755Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: This study aimed to examine age, cohort and period trends in alcohol abstinence.

    Design: Two surveys, the Level of Living Survey collected in 1968, 1974, 1981, 1990 and 2000, and the Swedish Panel Study of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) collected in 1992 and 2002, were studied with graphical depictions of cross-sectional and longitudinal data presented over time and over age. Cross-sectional 10-year age group differences, time-lag differences between waves and within-cohort differences between waves for 10-year birth cohorts were examined. Logistic regression models were applied to confirm the observed patterns.

    Setting: The samples were representative of the Swedish population.

    Participants: Participants ranged in age from 18 to 75 (n = 5000 per wave), and 77+ at later waves (n = 500).

    Measurements: Alcohol abstinence was determined by asking 'Do you ever drink wine, beer, or spirits?', where a 'no' response indicated abstinence.

    Findings: Decreases in abstinence rates were observed from 1968 to 2000/02. While cross-sectional analysis indicated increased abstinence with advancing age, the longitudinal analysis suggested otherwise. Inspection of cohort differences revealed little change within cohorts and large differences between cohorts; abstinence rates declined in later-born cohorts up to the 1940s birth cohorts; stability was observed in cohorts born since the 1940s. Logistic regression models indicated that neither age nor period were significant (P > 0.05) predictors of abstinence when cohort (P < 0.001) was included.

    Conclusion: Decreasing proportions of total alcohol abstainers in Sweden from 1968 to 2000 appear to be attributable primarily to decreases in successive cohorts rather than drinkers becoming abstainers.

  • 7.
    Ahacic, Kozma
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Helgason, Asgeir R
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Allebeck, Peter
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Non-response bias and hazardous alcohol use in relation to previous alcohol-related hospitalization: comparing survey responses with population data2013Ingår i: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, E-ISSN 1747-597X, Vol. 8, nr 10Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: This study examines whether alcohol-related hospitalization predicts survey non-response, and evaluates whether this missing data result in biased estimates of the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and abstinence.

    Methods: Registry data on alcohol-related hospitalizations during the preceding ten years were linked to two representative surveys. Population data corresponding to the surveys were derived from the Stockholm County registry. The alcohol-related hospitalization rates for survey responders were compared with the population data, and corresponding rates for non-responders were based on the differences between the two estimates. The proportions with hazardous alcohol use and abstinence were calculated separately for previously hospitalized and non-hospitalized responders, and non-responders were assumed to be similar to responders in this respect.

    Results: Persons with previous alcohol-related admissions were more likely currently to abstain from alcohol (RR=1.58, p<.001) or to have hazardous alcohol use (RR=2.06, p<.001). Alternatively, they were more than twice as likely to have become non-responders. Adjusting for this skewed non-response, i.e., the underrepresentation of hazardous users and abstainers among the hospitalized, made little difference to the estimated rates of hazardous use and abstinence in total. During the ten-year period 1.7% of the population were hospitalized.

    Conclusions: Few people receive alcohol-related hospital care and it remains unclear whether this group’s underrepresentation in surveys is generalizable to other groups, such as hazardous users. While people with severe alcohol problems – i.e. a history of alcohol-related hospitalizations – are less likely to respond to population surveys, this particular bias is not likely to alter prevalence estimates of hazardous use.

  • 8. Ahacic, Kozma
    et al.
    Trygged, Sven
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Income and education as predictors of stroke mortality after the survival of a first stroke2012Ingår i: Stroke Research and Treatment, ISSN 2090-8105, E-ISSN 2042-0056Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: It is well known that socioeconomic indicators, such as income and education, predict both stroke incidence and stroke mortality. This means that persons in lower socioeconomic positions are less likely to survive their stroke, and there will be a selective survival in the group discharged from hospital after their first stroke.

    Question: Does socioeconomic position continue to predict mortality, stroke specific, or from other causes, among patients surviving their first stroke in spite of this selective survival?

    Methods: All persons in Sweden aged 40–59 years who were discharged after a first hospitalization for stroke in 1996–2000 were included (n = 10,487), then followed up until the end of the fourth calendar year after discharge. Data were analysed with Cox regressions controlling for age, sex, and stroke type.

    Results: Persons with high socioeconomic position, measured by education and income, have lower mortality than those of low position. Education was not significant when adjusted for income, however. The risk of dying was similar for stroke-specific mortality and all-cause mortality, for those with cerebral infarction as well as for all patients.

    Conclusions: Socioeconomic position predicted stroke-specific mortality also in the selective group of persons who survived their first stroke.

  • 9. Andel, Ross
    et al.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    The role of midlife ocupational complexity and leisure time activity in cognitive performance later in life.2013Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 10. Andel, Ross
    et al.
    Silverstein, Merril
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Occupational and Leisure Time Engagement at Midlife and Cognitive Functioning in Advanced Old Age2012Ingår i: The 21st Nordic Congress of Gerontology, Dilemmas in Ageing Societies, Abstracts and Program, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 10th - 13th, 2012, 2012Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 11.
    Andel, Ross
    et al.
    School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
    Silverstein, Merril
    Sociology Department and School of Social Work, Aging Studies Institute, Syracuse University, New York.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    The role of midlife occupational complexity and leisure activity in late-life cognition2015Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, ISSN 1079-5014, E-ISSN 1758-5368, Vol. 70, nr 2, s. 314-321Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE:

    To examine whether occupational complexity of working with data or people, and cognitive or social leisure activity at midlife predicted cognition in advanced old age.

    METHODS:

    We used 810 eligible participants from Longitudinal Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old, a Swedish nationally representative study of individuals aged 77+ with cognitive assessments (an abridged version of the Mini-Mental State Exam) administered in 1992 and 2002 and linked to information about their midlife occupation and leisure activities collected in 1968 and 1981. A bootstrapping technique was applied to examine the direct and interactive associations of occupational complexity and leisure activity with late-life cognition.

    RESULTS:

    Controlling for demographic and health-related factors from childhood, midlife, and late life, we found that greater work complexity, both with people and with data, and greater participation in cognitive or social leisure activities independently related to better late-life cognitive scores. The complexity-cognition link was moderated by leisure activity such that the cognitive benefit related to the complexity of work-especially complexity of working with people-was rendered insignificant when participation in leisure activities-especially social activities-was above average.

    DISCUSSION:

    Results are discussed in terms of using work complexity to compensate for lack of leisure activity as well as in terms of promoting leisure engagement to compensate for long-term cognitive disadvantage imposed by working in less challenging occupations.

  • 12.
    Augustsson, Erika
    et al.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Von Saenger, Isabelle
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Agahi, Neda
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Ericsson, Malin
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Swedish adults aged 77 years and older: Age differences in lifestyle changes2023Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 51, nr 5, s. 764-768Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: This study aimed to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and social activities among older adults in Sweden, with a special focus on differences between the ‘younger old’ (aged 77–84) and ‘older old’ (aged 85–109).

    Methods: This study is based on a nationally representative sample of older adults (aged ⩾77 years) in Sweden (SWEOLD). Data were collected between May 2021 and April 2022, when many recommendations were removed but the virus was still classified as a public health disease. We studied occurrences and differences between the two age groups in several lifestyle factors and social activities.

    Results: The younger old displayed larger changes in lifestyles because of the pandemic than the older old. Most changes were found in social interactions with family.

    Conclusions: Our results highlight the large heterogeneity within the Swedish population aged ⩾77 years, and that the younger old experienced a bigger lifestyle change than the older old. Previous activity levels might be important to consider in order to understand how regulations may affect the older population. Finally, our findings indicate large age differences in Internet use, which require attention to prevent digital exclusion of an already vulnerable group.

  • 13.
    Barysheva, Galina A.
    et al.
    Natl Res Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk, Russia..
    Mikhalchuk, Alexander A.
    Natl Res Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk, Russia..
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Jonkoping Univ, Jonkoping, Sweden..
    Casati, Fabio
    Trento Univ, Trento, Italy..
    Nedospasova, Olga P.
    Natl Res Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk, Russia..
    Terekhina, Lyudmila I.
    Natl Res Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk, Russia..
    Educational Impact On Older Adults' Well-Being: A Local Case For General Conclusions2019Ingår i: Business Management Theories And Practices In A Dynamic Competitive Environment / [ed] Vrontis, D Weber, Y Tsoukatos, E, Euromed Press , 2019, s. 1577-1580Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The prolongation of life expectancy has opened unprecedented opportunities for the growth of aggregate resources, accumulation of human capital, and the use of individual human potential. Moreover, as the measure of human responsibility for personal development throughout life increases (Blair and Schroeder 2000), the importance of education level increases, especially with regard to ensuring the continued social, economic, psychological, and emotional well-being of older adults. The focus on the association between education level and the subjective perception of well-being among older adults is motivated by the fact that this is currently the fastest growing age group in the world. Regarding Russia, the number of people past retirement age is 24% of the population now. An aging society requires fundamental changes in socioeconomic policies, especially those that focus on the needs of senior citizens. However, it is important to consider regional differences. In particular, the Tomsk region has been recognized as one of the country’s top producers of university students. In fact, the region exceeds the Russian average by more than one-and-a half. In addition, one in five citizens is in the older age group while the proportion of those aged 60 years and above is steadily increasing.

  • 14.
    Baumann, I.
    et al.
    Center for Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
    Eyjólfsdóttir, H. S.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fritzell, J.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lennartsson, C.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Darin-Mattsson, A.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Andel, R.
    School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
    Dratva, J.
    Center for Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
    Agahi, N.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Do cognitively stimulating activities affect the association between retirement timing and cognitive functioning in old age?2022Ingår i: Ageing & Society, ISSN 0144-686X, E-ISSN 1469-1779, Vol. 42, nr 2, s. 306-330Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In response to the rising financial pressure on old-age pension systems in industrialised economies, many European countries plan to increase the eligibility age for retirement pensions. We used data from Sweden to examine whether (and if so, how) retirement after age 65 - the eligibility age for basic pension - compared to retiring earlier affects older adults' (between ages 70 and 85) cognitive functioning. Using a propensity score matching (PSM) approach, we addressed the selection bias potentially introduced by non-random selection into either early or late retirement. We also examined average and heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs). HTEs were evaluated for different levels of cognitive stimulation from occupational activities before retirement and from leisure activities after retirement. We drew from a rich longitudinal data-set linking two nationally representative Swedish surveys with a register data-set and found that, on average, individuals who retire after age 65 do not have a higher level of cognitive functioning than those who retire earlier. Similarly, we did not observe HTEs from occupational activities. With respect to leisure activities, we found no systematic effects on cognitive functioning among those working beyond age 65. We conclude that, in general, retirement age does not seem to affect cognitive functioning in old age. Yet, the rising retirement age may put substantial pressure on individuals who suffer from poor health at the end of their occupational career, potentially exacerbating social- and health-related inequalities among older people.

  • 15. Baumann, I.
    et al.
    Sif Eyjólfsdóttir, H.
    Fritzell, J.
    Lennartsson, C.
    Darin-Mattsson, A.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Andel, R.
    Dratva, J.
    Agahi, N.
    Retirement age and cognitive functioning in old age: the role of stimulating occupational activities. The role of occupational activity in explaining the association between retirement timing and cognitive functioning in old age2018Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 16. Baumann, I.
    et al.
    Sif Eyjólfsdóttir, H.
    Fritzell, J.
    Lennartsson, C.
    Darin-Mattsson, A.
    Nilsen, Charlotta
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Andel, R.
    Dratva, J.
    Agahi, N.
    Retirement age and cognitive functioning in old age: the role of stimulating occupational activities2018Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 17.
    Bazzi, May
    et al.
    Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Afram, Shilan Shamon
    Department of Radiology, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Ndipen, Irine Maghanwi
    Department of Radiology, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Studies on Integrated Health and Welfare (SIHW).
    Bjällmark, Anna
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Avdelningen för klinisk diagnostik. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Studies on Integrated Health and Welfare (SIHW).
    Factors affecting radiographers' use of dose-reduction measures2024Ingår i: Journal of Radiological Protection, ISSN 0952-4746, E-ISSN 1361-6498, Vol. 44, nr 1, artikel-id 011506Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates radiographers' views on implementing dose-reduction measures, with a focus on verifying patient identity and pregnancy status, practising gonad shielding in men and using compression. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to radiographers working in general radiography and/or computed tomography. The questionnaire was based on factors from a framework for analysing risk and safety in clinical medicine. Ordered logistic regressions were used to analyse associations among factors and use of dose-reduction measures. In total, 466 questionnaires were distributed and 170 radiographers (36%) completed them. Clear instructions and routines, support from colleagues, knowledge and experience, a strong safety culture, managerial support and access to proper equipment influence the likelihood of using dose-reduction measures. The strongest associations were found between support from colleagues and verifying pregnancy status (OR = 5.65, P = 0.026), safety culture and use of gonad shielding (OR = 2.36, P = 0.042), and having enough time and use of compression (OR = 2.11, P = 0.003). A strong safety culture and a supportive work environment appears to be essential for the use of dose-reduction measures, and education, training and stress management can improve utilisation of dose-reduction measures.

  • 18. Besga, Ariadna
    et al.
    Cedazo-Minguez, Angel
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Solomon, Alina
    Björkhem, Ingemar
    Winblad, Bengt
    Leoni, Valerio
    Hooshmand, Babak
    Spulber, Gabriela
    Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana
    Kivipelto, Miia
    Wahlund, Lars-Olof
    Differences in brain cholesterol metabolism and insulin in two subgroups of patients with different CSF biomarkers but similar white matter lesions suggest different pathogenic mechanisms2012Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, E-ISSN 1872-7972, Vol. 510, nr 2, s. 121-126Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Investigate possible associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) with the metabolism of cholesterol and insulin in two subgroups of patients with memory complaints and different CSF Aβ42 and CSF tau levels. 59 patients from the memory clinic at Karolinska Hospital were included. Degree of WMHs was rated using the ARWMC scale and the following biomarkers were measured in CSF and plasma: insulin, cholesterol, lanosterol, lathosterol, and oxidized cholesterol metabolites. The WMHs in CSF control-like group correlated with increased brain cholesterol synthesis and reduced efflux of oxysterols and insulin in CSF. In the CSF AD-like group, the WMHs correlated with increased peripheral cholesterol metabolism. Despite having similar appearance on FLAIR images, the pathogenic mechanisms of WMHS are likely to be different in the two groups investigated.

  • 19.
    Bostrom, Anne-Marie
    et al.
    Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; R&D unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lundgren, Dan
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Department of Quality and Development, Division of Social Services, Värnamo Municipality, Värnamo, Sweden.
    Kabir, Zarina Nahar
    Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Factors in the psychosocial work environment of staff are associated with satisfaction with care among older persons receiving home care services2022Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community, ISSN 0966-0410, E-ISSN 1365-2524, Vol. 30, nr 6, s. e6080-e6090Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Older persons in Sweden are increasingly encouraged to continue living at home and, if necessary, be supported by home care services (HCS). Studies have examined whether the work environment of staff has an impact on the experiences and well-being of older persons in residential care facilities, but few have examined such associations in HCS. This study examined associations between home care staff's perceptions of their psychosocial work environment and satisfaction with care among older people receiving HCS. The setting was 16 HCS work units. Two surveys were conducted, one on psychosocial working conditions of staff, one on satisfaction of older persons receiving HCS. For each work unit, data on individual satisfaction were matched to average values concerning psychosocial work conditions. Outcomes analysed with linear regressions were overall satisfaction and indices regarding assessment of performance of services, contact with staff and sense of security. The index for treatment by staff was analysed with ordered logistic regressions. Cluster correlated-standard error clustering on work units was used. Results showed that good working conditions were important for satisfaction with care, specifically overall satisfaction, treatment by staff and sense of security. The most important psychosocial work factors were work group climate, sense of mastery, job control, overall job strain, frustrated empathy, balancing competing needs, balancing emotional involvement and lack of recognition. Receiving more HCS hours was associated with stronger relationships between working conditions and satisfaction with care, especially with overall satisfaction and treatment by staff as outcomes. Managers and policymakers for home care need to acknowledge that the working conditions of home care staff are crucial for the satisfaction of older persons receiving HCS, particularly those receiving many HCS hours. Psychosocial work factors together with job strain factors are areas to focus on in order to improve working conditions for staff and outcomes for older persons.

  • 20.
    Bäckström, Caroline A.
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. CHILD. University of Skövde, School of Health and Education, Skövde, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Aging Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Thorstensson, Stina
    University of Skövde, School of Health and Education, Skövde, Sweden.
    Golsäter, Marie
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. CHILD.
    Mårtensson, Lena B.
    University of Skövde, School of Health and Education, Skövde, Sweden.
    Quality of couple relationship among first-time mothers and partners, during pregnancy and the first six months of parenthood2018Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare, ISSN 1877-5756, E-ISSN 1877-5764, Vol. 17, s. 56-64Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Highlights

    • Social support is associated with first-time mothers’ and partners’ perceived quality of couple relationship six months after birth.
    • Sense of Coherence is associated with first-time mothers’ perceived quality of couple relationship six months after birth.
    • First-time mothers’ and partners’ Sense of Coherence increase between pregnancy and six months after birth.
    • Partners’ feelings for parenthood is associated with first-time mothers’ perception of quality of couple relationship six months after birth.
    • First-time mothers’ and partners’ perceived quality of couple relationship is decreasing after childbirth.
  • 21.
    Chang, Milan
    et al.
    Faculty of Health Promotion, Sports and Leisure Studies, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Geirsdottir, Olof G.
    The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, National University Hospital of Iceland & Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Sigurdarsdottir, Sigurveig H.
    School of Social Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Ramel, Alfons
    The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, National University Hospital of Iceland & Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Associations between education and need for care among community dwelling older adults in Iceland2019Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 33, nr 4, s. 885-891Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Older adults in Iceland have good access to social services that support them in maintaining an independent life, although receiving informal care is common for community living older adults in Iceland. The aim of this study was to examine whether the need for care as well as receiving formal and informal care is associated with education among older adults in Iceland.

    METHODS: Among a national sample of 782 Icelandic community dwelling old adults (mean age 76.9 ± 7.4 years, 55% women), a telephone survey was conducted. The survey included questions on: socioeconomic status, social network, health status, activities of daily living and formal/informal care.

    RESULTS: A full data set was available for 720 subjects and among these, 349 (48.5%) had no need for care, 197 (27.4%) received informal care only, 31 (4.3%) received formal care only, and 143 (19.9%) received both type of care. Participants with higher education were significantly less likely to need care (OR 0.67, 95% CI, 0.47-0.97, p = 0.031) when compared with those who had primary education. Categorisation by age showed that this difference was only significant in participants younger than 80 years. Education was not related to formal care, but adults with higher education were less likely to receive informal care compared with older adults who had primary education (OR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.46, 0.93, p = 0.018).

    CONCLUSIONS: People with higher education were significantly less likely to need care and this association was mainly present among those aged below 80 years. Further, in participants that needed care, the likelihood of receiving informal care was lower in highly educated participants, but no differences in formal care were observed between educational levels.

  • 22.
    Csajbók, Zsófia
    et al.
    National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, Czech Republic.
    Kagstrom, Anna
    National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Pawłowski, Bogusław
    Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
    Marečková, Klára
    Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Cermakova, Pavla
    National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
    Sex differences in the association of childhood socioeconomic position and later-life depressive symptoms in Europe: the mediating effect of education2021Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, ISSN 0933-7954, E-ISSN 1433-9285, Vol. 56, s. 1091-1101Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: We aimed to study sex differences in the association of childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) with later-life depressive symptoms, the mediating effect of education and explore regional differences across Europe.

    Methods: The study included 58,851 participants (55% women, mean age 65 years) from the multicentre, population-based Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Interviews were conducted in six waves and included measurements of childhood SEP (household characteristics at the age of 10) and depressive symptoms (EURO-D scale). Linear regression was used to study the association of childhood SEP with depressive symptoms, adjusting for covariates, and structural equation modelling assessed the mediating effect of education.

    Results: In the fully adjusted model, higher childhood SEP was associated with lower depressive symptoms with a greater magnitude in women (B = − 0.07; 95% CI − 0.08, − 0.05) than in men (B = − 0.02; 95% CI − 0.03, − 0.00). Relative to men, childhood SEP had 3 times greater direct effect on depressive symptoms in women, and education had 3.7 times stronger mediating effect against childhood SEP. These associations and the sex differences were particularly pronounced in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe.

    Conclusion: Growing up in poor socioeconomic conditions is a stronger risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms for women than for men. Education may have a stronger preventive potential for women in reducing the adverse effects of childhood socioeconomic hardship. Central and Eastern European populations experience disproportionately higher risk of later-life depression due to lower SEP and greater sex differences.

  • 23. Darin Mattsson, A
    et al.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Is work complexity associated with psychological distress after retirement age?2013Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 24. Darin Mattsson, Alexander
    et al.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Fors, Stefan
    Social stratification, work complexity, and psychological distress in old age: Exploring the associations2013Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 25. Darin-Mattsson, A.
    et al.
    Andel, R.
    Keller-Celeste, R.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Linking financial hardship and psychological distress from childhood to old age: testing the sensitive period, chain of risks, and accumulation of risks hypotheses2018Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 26. Darin-Mattsson, A.
    et al.
    Fors, S.
    Nilsen, Charlotta
    Fritzell, J.
    Andel, R.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Occupational complexity in relation to late life physical functioning in Sweden2018Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 27.
    Darin-Mattsson, Alexander
    et al.
    Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Andel, Ross
    University of South Florida and International Clinical Research Center, Tampa, USA.
    Celeste, Roger Keller
    Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Department Preventive and Social Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Linking financial hardship throughout the life-course with psychological distress in old age: Sensitive period, accumulation of risks, and chain of risks hypotheses.2018Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine, ISSN 0277-9536, E-ISSN 1873-5347, Vol. 201, s. 111-119Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The primary objective was to investigate the life course hypotheses - sensitive period, chain of risks, and accumulation of risks - in relation to financial hardship and psychological distress in old age. We used two Swedish longitudinal surveys based on nationally representative samples. The first survey includes people 18-75 years old with multiple waves, the second survey is a longitudinal continuation, including people 76 + years old. The analytical sample included 2990 people at baseline. Financial hardship was assessed in childhood (retrospectively), at the mean ages of 54, 61, 70, and 81 years. Psychological distress (self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms) was assessed at the same ages. Path analysis with WLSMV estimation was used. There was a direct path from financial hardship in childhood to psychological distress at age 70 (0.26, p = 0.002). Financial hardship in childhood was associated with increased risk of psychological distress and financial hardship both at baseline (age 54), and later. Financial hardship, beyond childhood, was not independently associated with psychological distress at age 81. Higher levels of education and employment decreased the negative effects of financial hardship in childhood on the risk of psychological distress and financial hardship later on. There was a bi-directional relationship between psychological distress and financial hardship; support for health selection was slightly higher than for social causation. We found that psychological distress in old age was affected by financial hardship in childhood through a chain of risks that included psychological distress earlier in life. In addition, financial hardship in childhood seemed to directly affect psychological distress in old age, independent of other measured circumstances (i.e., chains of risks). Education and employment could decrease the effect of an adverse financial situation in childhood on later-life psychological distress. We did not find support for accumulation of risks when including tests of all hypotheses in the same model.

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  • 28.
    Darin-Mattsson, Alexander
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Stockholm University, Sweden .
    Andel, Ross
    School af Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic .
    Fors, Stefan
    Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Are Occupational Complexity and Socioeconomic Position Related to Psychological Distress 20 Years Later?2015Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health, ISSN 0898-2643, E-ISSN 1552-6887, Vol. 27, nr 7, s. 1266-1285Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To assess occupational complexity in midlife in relation to psychological distress in older adulthood (69+ years) and explore the role of socioeconomic position.

    Method: Baseline data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey and follow-up data from the Swedish Longitudinal Study ofLiving Conditions of the Oldest Old were combined, resulting in 20+ years of follow-up. Data were analyzed using ordered logistic regressions.

    Results: Higher occupational complexity was associated with less psychological distress 20 years later adjusted for age, sex, follow-up year, hours worked the year before baseline, and psychological distress at baseline. Higher socioeconomic position yielded the same pattern of results. Socioeconomic position partially accounted for the association between occupational complexity and psychological distress.

    Discussion: With social gradient not easily amenable to modification, efforts to increase engagement at work may offer a viable option to attenuate the influence of work environment on psychological distress later in life.

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  • 29.
    Darin-Mattsson, Alexander
    et al.
    Aging Research Centre (ARC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Fors, Stefan
    Aging Research Centre (ARC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Aging Research Centre (ARC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Different indicators of socioeconomic status and their relative importance as determinants of health in old age2017Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health, E-ISSN 1475-9276, Vol. 16, nr 1, artikel-id 173Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Socioeconomic status has been operationalised in a variety of ways, most commonly as education, social class, or income. In this study, we also use occupational complexity and a SES-index as alternative measures of socioeconomic status. Studies show that in analyses of health inequalities in the general population, the choice of indicators influence the magnitude of the observed inequalities. Less is known about the influence of indicator choice in studies of older adults. The aim of this study is twofold: i) to analyse the impact of the choice of socioeconomic status indicator on the observed health inequalities among older adults, ii) to explore whether different indicators of socioeconomic status are independently associated with health in old age.

    Methods: We combined data from two nationally representative Swedish surveys, providing more than 20 years of follow-up. Average marginal effects were estimated to compare the association between the five indicators of SES, and three late-life health outcomes: mobility limitations, limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), and psychological distress.

    Results: All socioeconomic status indicators were associated with late-life health; there were only minor differences in the effect sizes. Income was most strongly associated to all indicators of late-life health, the associations remained statistically significant when adjusting for the other indicators. In the fully adjusted models, education contributed to the model fits with 0-3% (depending on the outcome), social class with 0-1%, occupational complexity with 1-8%, and income with 3-18%.

    Conclusions: Our results indicate overlapping properties between socioeconomic status indicators in relation to late-life health. However, income is associated to late-life health independently of all other variables. Moreover, income did not perform substantially worse than the composite SES-index in capturing health variation. Thus, if the primary objective of including an indicator of socioeconomic status is to adjust the model for socioeconomic differences in late-life health rather than to analyse these inequalities per se, income may be the preferable indicator. If, on the other hand, the primary objective of a study is to analyse specific aspects of health inequalities, or the mechanisms that drive health inequalities, then the choice of indicator should be theoretically guided. 

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  • 30.
    Darin-Mattsson, Alexander
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Andel, Ross
    University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.
    Economic hardship and income before retirement in relation to anxiety and depression in older adulthood. (2015) Work-related stress in midlife and all-cause mortality: the role of sense of coherence.2015Ingår i: Life Courses in Cross-­National Comparison: Similarities and Differences: Abstract book, 2015, s. 69-Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 31.
    Enache, D.
    et al.
    Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fereshtehnejad, S.-M.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Cermakova, P.
    Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Garcia-Ptacek, S.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johnell, K.
    Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Religa, D.
    Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jelic, V.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Winblad, B.
    Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ballard, C.
    Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Aarsland, D.
    Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fastbom, J.
    Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, M.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Antidepressants and mortality risk in a dementia cohort: data from SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry2016Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-690X, E-ISSN 1600-0447, Vol. 134, nr 5, s. 430-440Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The association between mortality risk and use of antidepressants in people with dementia is unknown.

    OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of antidepressants in people with different dementia diagnoses and to explore mortality risk associated with use of antidepressants 3 years before a dementia diagnosis.

    METHODS: Study population included 20 050 memory clinic patients from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) diagnosed with incident dementia. Data on antidepressants dispensed at the time of dementia diagnosis and during 3-year period before dementia diagnosis were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Cox regression models were used.

    RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 2 years from dementia diagnosis, 25.8% of dementia patients died. A quarter (25.0%) of patients were on antidepressants at the time of dementia diagnosis, while 21.6% used antidepressants at some point during a 3-year period before a dementia diagnosis. Use of antidepressant treatment for 3 consecutive years before a dementia diagnosis was associated with a lower mortality risk for all dementia disorders and in Alzheimer's disease.

    CONCLUSION: Antidepressant treatment is common among patients with dementia. Use of antidepressants during prodromal stages may reduce mortality in dementia and specifically in Alzheimer's disease.

  • 32.
    Enache, Daniela
    et al.
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Solomon, Alina
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
    Cavallin, Lena
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kramberger, Milica Gregoric
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
    Aarsland, Dag
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Center for Age-Related Diseases, Psychiatric Clinic, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
    Kivipelto, Miia
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
    Eriksdotter, Maria
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Winblad, Bengt
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jelic, Vesna
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
    CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in memory clinic patients without dementia2016Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging, ISSN 0197-4580, E-ISSN 1558-1497, Vol. 42, s. 124-131Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to explore cross-sectional associations between Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia Study (CAIDE) Dementia Risk Score and dementia-related cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers in 724 patients without dementia from the Memory Clinic at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. We additionally evaluated the score's capacity to predict dementia. Two risk score versions were calculated: one including age, gender, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension; and one additionally including apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status. Cerebrospinal fluid was analyzed for amyloid β (Aβ), total tau, and phosphorylated tau. Visual assessments of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), global cortical atrophy-frontal subscale, and Fazekas scale for white matter changes (WMC) were performed. Higher CAIDE Dementia Risk Score (version without APOE) was significantly associated with higher total tau, more severe MTA, WMC, and global cortical atrophy-frontal subscale. Higher CAIDE Dementia Risk Score (version with APOE) was associated with reduced Aβ, more severe MTA, and WMC. CAIDE Dementia Risk Score version with APOE seemed to predict dementia better in this memory clinic population with short follow-up than the version without APOE.

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  • 33.
    Ericsson, Malin Christina
    et al.
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gatz, Margaret
    Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Parker, Marti G.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fors, Stefan
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Validation of abridged mini-mental state examination scales using population-based data from Sweden and USA2017Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing, ISSN 1613-9372, E-ISSN 1613-9380, Vol. 14, nr 2, s. 199-205Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this study is to validate two abridged versions of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE): one intended for use in face-to-face interviews, and the other developed for telephonic interviews, using data from Sweden and the US to validate the abridged scales against dementia diagnoses as well as to compare their performance to that of the full MMSE scale. The abridged versions were based on eight domains from the original MMSE scale. The domains included in the MMSE-SF were registration, orientation, delayed recall, attention, and visual spatial ability. In the MMSE-SF-C, the visual spatial ability item was excluded, and instead, one additional orientation item was added. There were 794 participants from the Swedish HARMONY study [mean age 81.8 (4.8); the proportion of cognitively impaired was 51 %] and 576 participants from the US ADAMS study [mean age 83.2 (5.7); the proportion of cognitively impaired was 65 %] where it was possible to compare abridged MMSE scales to dementia diagnoses and to the full MMSE scale. We estimated the sensitivity and specificity levels of the abridged tests, using clinical diagnoses as reference. Analyses with both the HARMONY and the ADAMS data indicated comparable levels of sensitivity and specificity in detecting cognitive impairment for the two abridged scales relative to the full MMSE. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the two abridged scales corresponded well to those of the full MMSE. The two abridged tests have adequate validity and correspond well with the full MMSE. The abridged versions could therefore be alternatives to consider in larger population studies where interview length is restricted, and the respondent burden is high.

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  • 34.
    Finkel, Deborah
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California.
    Nilsen, Charlotta
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Sindi, Shireen
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer's Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Studies on Integrated Health and Welfare (SIHW).
    Impact of childhood and adult socioeconomic position on change in functional aging2024Ingår i: Health Psychology, ISSN 0278-6133, E-ISSN 1930-7810Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To examine life-course models by investigating the roles of childhood and adult socioeconomic position (SEP) in longitudinal changes in a functional aging index.

    METHOD: Up to eight waves of testing, covering 25 years, were available from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging: N = 654, intake age = 50-82. A two-slope latent growth curve model was applied to the data, and the impact of including childhood and adult SEP as covariates of the intercept (at age 70) and slopes (before and after age 70) was tested.

    RESULTS: Both childhood and adult SEP contributed to the best-fitting model. Childhood SEP was significantly associated with intercept and Slope 1 (before age 70) of the latent growth curve model (p < .05). Association of adult SEP with Slope 2 (after age 70) trended toward significance (p < .10). There was a significant interaction effect of childhood and adult SEP on the intercept (p < .05). As a result, intercept at age 70 was highest and change after age 70 was fastest for those whose SEP decreased from childhood to adulthood.

    CONCLUSIONS: Both childhood and adult SEP impact change in functional abilities with age, supporting both critical period and social mobility models. The social environment is modifiable by policies at local, national, and international levels, and these policies need to recognize that early social disadvantage can have long-lasting health impacts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

  • 35.
    Finkel, Deborah
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Indiana Univ Southeast, New Albany, IN 47150 USA..
    Nilsen, Charlotta
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Sindi, Shireen
    Karolinska Inst, Solna, Stockholms Lan, Sweden..
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Impact of Objective and Subjective Sep on Aging Trajectories of Functional Capacity2022Ingår i: Innovation in Aging, E-ISSN 2399-5300, Vol. 6, nr Supplement 1, s. 220-220Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Long-term stress is associated with adverse health outcomes in aging. It is important to identify not only factors that influence functioning in late adulthood, such as accumulated stress, but also the timing of such factors. The aim of the current analysis was to examine how socioeconomic stressors throughout the life course are associated with aging in functional capacity. Data were available from 740 adults ranging in age from 40 to 83 at intake (mean = 62.4, SD = 8.2) who participated in up to 8 waves of data collection (mean = 3.9, SD = 2.4). A Functional Aging Index (FAI) was created by combining measures of sensory, pulmonary, gait, and grip functioning. Both childhood and adulthood measures of objective socioeconomic position (SEP) and perceived SEP (financial strain) were available. Latent growth curve models (corrected for twinness) were used to estimate the trajectory of change in FAI over age and the impact of child and adult SEP measures on the trajectories. Results indicated that both childhood and adult objective SEP independently influenced rates of change in FAI in adulthood: higher SEP was associated with higher mean functioning and slower rates of decline. In combination, model fitting indicated that if SEP is above the median in adulthood, then childhood SEP has no impact on FAI trajectories; however, if SEP is below the median in adulthood, then childhood SEP can play a role. In addition, results indicated possible long-term effects of childhood financial strain on rates of change in FAI in adulthood.

  • 36.
    Gabrielsson-Järhult, Felicia
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Avdelningen för kvalitetsförbättring och ledarskap. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Studies on Integrated Health and Welfare (SIHW). Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare , Jönköping, Jonkopings Lan , Sweden.
    Telemedicine consultations in Sweden 2020–2022: Exploring age differences2023Ingår i: Innovation in Aging, E-ISSN 2399-5300, Vol. 7, nr Supplement 1, s. 714-714Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Health care in Sweden is heavily subsidized and costs for the user are small, both for physical consultation and telemedicine, and for public and private health care. It has been argued that telemedicine consultations will increase care consumption, lead to higher costs, and create inequalities. As older people often are less skilled in digital technology, increased digitalization of care might increase inequalities. Telehealth is mainly conducted by private companies. This study is based on all private telemedicine consultations in two regions in southern Sweden 2020-2022, with approx. 656,000 inhabitants. 106,000 persons had 343,000 telemedicine consultations, 3.2 consultations p/p. The number of consultations differed neglectable between age groups, for women median was 2.0 for the age groups (< 65/65-79/80+), and for men it was 1.0. The proportion of people WITH telemedicine consultations differed heavily between the age group as well as months. Total number of telemedicine consultations per month varied 4-8.5 thousand among women, and 2-4 thousand among men. The months with most consultations were March-June 2021. Proportion of telehealth consultations was low in the age group 65-79, and even lower among 80+. The proportion of consultations by people 65-79 years increased steadily and reached its peak July-September 2021 with >20%. After that, it increased rapidly down to < 3% among women and < 4% among men. The pattern was similar among people 80+ with peaks at approx. 2% among women and close to 2% among men. The conclusion is that there is still a huge age difference in the use of telehealth consultations.

  • 37.
    Gabrielsson-Järhult, Felicia
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare.
    Mahmud, Yashar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Avdelningen för kvalitetsförbättring och ledarskap.
    Fristedt, Sofi
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Kjellström, Sofia
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Avdelningen för kvalitetsförbättring och ledarskap.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Hur klickar vi med vården? En vetenskaplig studie av digitala och fysiska vårdkontakter utifrån användarmönster och patienters erfarenheter av primärvård2023Rapport (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [sv]

    Patienter och professionella vårdaktörer är i en gemensam förändrings- och lärandeprocess, där vården parallellt med medborgarna och samhället lär sig hantera digitalisering. Under senare år, bl.a. pådrivet av covid-pandemin, har digitaliseringen och införande av nya arbetssätt gått så fort att utvärdering och forskning inte hunnit med i samma takt. Syftet med rapporten ”Hur klickar vi med vården?” är att bidra med aktuell kunskap om patienters användarmönster och erfarenheter av digitala och fysiska kontakter med primärvården. Resultaten är tänkt att användas som faktaunderlag och stöd för vårdens utvecklingsarbete.

    Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner (SKR) tog hösten 2022 initiativet till forskningsprojektet ”Hur klickar vi med vården?”. Uppdraget genomfördes under 2023 av en oberoende forskargrupp på Hälsohögskolan vid Jönköping University. Resultaten är presenterade i två delstudier baserade på registerdata från primärvården och intervjuer med patienter. All registrerad data från den regionala primärvården i Region Jönköpings län och Region Sörmland under perioden januari 2020 – december 2022 har ingått i undersökningen. Data från Region Jönköpings län omfattar ca 352.000 personer vilka sammanlagt hade haft kontakt med primärvården ca 4,2 miljoner gånger, motsvarande för Region Sörmland var ca 245.000 personer som hade haft ca 3,2 miljoner kontakter. I dessa data ingår kontakter med privata helt digitala vårdgivare och för Region Jönköpings län data från 1177 Sjukvårdsrådgivning. I rapporten ingår även 35 kvalitativa intervjuer med ett nationellt urval av patienter. Resultatet av den kvalitativa studien är presenterat som sex teman som beskriver patienters erfarenheter av kontakt med vården.

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  • 38.
    Garcia-Ptacek, S
    et al.
    Hospital Clínico San Carlos.
    Eriksdotter-Jönhagen, M.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Jelic, V.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Porta-Etessam, J
    Hospital Clínico San Carlos.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Manzano Palmo, S.
    Hospital Infanta Cristina.
    Quejas cognitivas subjetivas: hacia una identificación precoz de la enfermedad de Alzheimer [Subjective cognitive impairment: Towards early identification of Alzheimer disease]2016Ingår i: Neurología, ISSN 0213-4853, E-ISSN 1578-1968, Vol. 8, nr 31, s. 562-571Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [es]

    Introducción: La neurodegeneración en enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) empieza décadas antes que la demencia y algunos pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve presentan una importante carga lesional. La ausencia de información sobre la fisiopatología temprana de la enfermedad dificulta la búsqueda de estrategias terapéuticas.

    La queja cognitiva subjetiva (QCS) agrupa a sujetos con quejas mnésicas sin déficits significativos en test neuropsicológicos. Es un síndrome heterogéneo sobre el que no existe consenso, pero algunos de estos pacientes podrían representar el estadio más precoz de EA.

    Método: Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica para resumir el estado del conocimiento actual sobre quejas cognitivas subjetivas.

    Resultados: Aunque a nivel individual no presenten enfermedad objetivable, a nivel de grupo los pacientes con QCS rinden peor en test neuropsicológicos que la población general y tienen mayor incidencia de declive cognitivo futuro. La depresión y la comorbilidad psiquiátrica desempeñan un papel pero no son la única causa de quejas cognitivas. Estudios con resonancia magnética muestran un patrón de atrofia hipocampal similar al del deterioro cognitivo leve amnésico y en resonancia funcional hay aumento de activación en tareas cognitivas que podrían representar una compensación ante pérdida de función. Los pacientes con QCS presentan un patrón tipo EA de marcadores betaamiloide (Aβ42) y tau con mayor frecuencia que la población general.

    Conclusiones: Las quejas mnésicas son un síntoma relevante y podrían predecir EA. La heterogeneidad de los pacientes y de los ensayos clínicos ha dificultado la definición del síndrome. En el futuro, una definición estandarizada y estudios longitudinales con un seguimiento suficiente, y centrados en variables cuantificables, podrían clarificar aspectos tempranos de la EA.

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  • 39.
    Garcia-Ptacek, Sara
    et al.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Sweden.
    Cavallin, Lena
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Kramberger, Milica Gregoric
    Karolinska Institutet Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Winblad, Bengt
    Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
    Jelic, Vesna
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, Maria
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Sweden.
    Subjective cognitive impairment subjects in our clinical practice2014Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra, E-ISSN 1664-5464, Vol. 4, nr 3, s. 419-430Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    The clinical challenge in subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) is to identify which individuals will present cognitive decline. We created a statistical model to determine which variables contribute to SCI and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnoses.

    METHODS:

    A total of 993 subjects diagnosed at a memory clinic (2007-2009) were included retrospectively: 433 with SCI, 373 with MCI and 187 with AD. Descriptive statistics were provided. A logistic regression model analyzed the likelihood of SCI and MCI patients being diagnosed with AD, using age, gender, Mini-Mental State Examination score, the ratio of β-amyloid 42 divided by total tau, and phosphorylated tau as independent variables.

    RESULTS:

    The SCI subjects were younger (57.8 ± 8 years) than the MCI (64.2 ± 10.6 years) and AD subjects (70.1 ± 9.7 years). They were more educated, had less medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and frequently normal cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Apolipoprotein E4/E4 homozygotes and apolipoprotein E3/E4 heterozygotes were significantly less frequent in the SCI group (6 and 36%) than in the AD group (28 and 51%). Within the regression model, cardiovascular risk factors, confluent white matter lesions, MTA and central atrophy increased the AD likelihood for SCI subjects.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    SCI patients form a distinct group. In our model, factors suggesting cardiovascular risk, MTA and central atrophy increased the AD likelihood for SCI subjects.

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  • 40.
    Garcia-Ptacek, Sara
    et al.
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Contreras Escamez, Beatriz
    Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
    Zupanic, Eva
    Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
    Religa, Dorota
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    von Koch, Lena
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Johnell, Kristina
    Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    von Euler, Mia
    Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, Maria
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Prestroke Mobility and Dementia as Predictors of Stroke Outcomes in Patients Over 65 Years of Age: A Cohort Study From The Swedish Dementia and Stroke Registries2018Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, ISSN 1525-8610, E-ISSN 1538-9375, Vol. 19, nr 2, s. 154-161Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To explore the association between prestroke mobility dependency and dementia on functioning and mortality outcomes after stroke in patients>65 years of age.

    Design: Longitudinal cohort study based on SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry and Riksstroke, the Swedish Stroke Registry.

    Participants: A total of 1689 patients with dementia >65 years of age registered in SveDem and suffering a first stroke between 2007 and 2014 were matched with 7973 controls without dementia with stroke.

    Measurements: Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for intrahospital mortality, and functioning and mortality outcomes at 3 months were calculated. Functioning included level of residential assistance (living at home without help, at home with help, or nursing home) and mobility dependency (independent, needing help to move outdoors, or needing help indoors and outdoors).

    Results: Prestroke dependency in activities of daily living and mobility were worse in patients with dementia than controls without dementia. In unadjusted analyses, patients with dementia were more often discharged to nursing homes (51% vs 20%; P < .001). Mortality at 3 months was higher in patients with dementia (31% vs 23% P < .001) and fewer were living at home without help (21% vs 55%; P < .001). In adjusted analyses, prestroke dementia was associated with higher risk of 3-month mortality (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.18-1.52), requiring a higher level of residential assistance (OR 4.07; 3.49-.75) and suffering from more dependency in relation to mobility (OR 2.57; 2.20-3.02). Patients with dementia who were independent for mobility prestroke were more likely to be discharged to a nursing home compared with patients without dementia with the same prestroke mobility (37% vs 16%; P < .001), but there were no differences in discharge to geriatric rehabilitation (19% for both; P = .976). Patients, who moved independently before stroke, were more often discharged home (60% vs 28%) and had lower mortality. In adjusted analyses, prestroke mobility limitations were associated with higher odds for poorer mobility, needing more residential assistance, and death.

    Conclusions: Patients with mobility impairments and/or dementia present a high burden of disability after a stroke. There is a need for research on stroke interventions among these populations.

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  • 41.
    Garcia-Ptacek, Sara
    et al.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Farahmand, Bahman
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Religa, Dorota
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Cuadrado, Maria Luz
    Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
    Eriksdotter, Maria
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Mortality risk after dementia diagnosis by dementia type and underlying factors: a cohort of 15,209 patients based on the Swedish Dementia Registry2014Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, ISSN 1387-2877, E-ISSN 1875-8908, Vol. 41, nr 2, s. 467-477Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Knowledge on survival in dementia is crucial for patients and public health planning. Most studies comparing mortality risk included few different dementia diagnoses.

    OBJECTIVES:

    To compare mortality risk in the most frequent dementia disorders in a large cohort of patients with an incident diagnosis, adjusting for potential confounding factors.

    METHODS:

    15,209 patients with dementia from the national quality database, Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), diagnosed in memory clinics from 2008 to 2011, were included in this study. The impact of age, gender, dementia diagnosis, baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), institutionalization, coresidency, and medication on survival after diagnosis were examined using adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

    RESULTS:

    During a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, 4,287 deaths occurred, with 114 (95% CI 111-117) deaths/1,000 person-years. Adjusted HR of death for men was 1.56 (95% CI 1.46-1.66) compared to women. Low MMSE, institutionalization, and higher number of medications were associated with higher HR of death. All dementia diagnoses demonstrated higher HR compared to Alzheimer's disease, with vascular dementia presenting the highest crude HR. After adjusting, frontotemporal dementia had the highest risk with a HR of 1.91 (95% CI 1.52-2.39), followed by Lewy body dementia (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.39-1.95), vascular dementia (HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.42-1.69), Parkinson's disease dementia (HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.17-1.84), and mixed Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.22-1.44).

    CONCLUSION:

    Worse cognition, male gender, higher number of medications, institutionalization, and age were associated with increased death risk after dementia diagnosis. Adjusted risk was lowest in Alzheimer's disease patients and highest in frontotemporal dementia subjects.

  • 42.
    Garcia-Ptacek, Sara
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Farahmand, Bahman
    Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Religa, Dorota
    Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Luz Cuadrado, Maria
    Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
    Eriksdotter, Maria
    Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Mortality in dementia: Data from SveDem, Swedish dementia registry2014Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the journal of the alzheimer's association, Elsevier, 2014, Vol. 10, s. 4, supplement-152Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 43.
    Garcia-Ptacek, Sara
    et al.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Cermakova, Pavla
    Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rizzuto, Debora
    Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Religa, Dorota
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, Maria
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Causes of Death According to Death Certificates in Individuals with Dementia: A Cohort from the Swedish Dementia Registry.2016Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society, ISSN 0002-8614, E-ISSN 1532-5415, Vol. 64, nr 11, s. e137-e142Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: The causes of death in dementia are not established, particularly in rarer dementias. The aim of this study is to calculate risk of death from specific causes for a broader spectrum of dementia diagnoses.

    DESIGN: Cohort study.

    SETTING: Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), 2007-2012.

    PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with incident dementia registered in SveDem (N = 28,609); median follow-up 741 days. Observed deaths were 5,368 (19%).

    MEASUREMENTS: Information on number of deaths and causes of mortality was obtained from death certificates. Odds ratios for the presence of dementia on death certificates were calculated. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox hazards regression for cause-specific mortality, using Alzheimer's dementia (AD) as reference. Hazard ratios for death for each specific cause of death were compared with hazard ratios of death from all causes (P-values from t-tests).

    RESULTS: The most frequent underlying cause of death in this cohort was cardiovascular (37%), followed by dementia (30%). Dementia and cardiovascular causes appeared as main or contributory causes on 63% of certificates, followed by respiratory (26%). Dementia was mentioned less in vascular dementia (VaD; 57%). Compared to AD, cardiovascular mortality was higher in individuals with VaD than in those with AD (HR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.64-2.02). Respiratory death was higher in individuals with Lewy body dementia (LBD, including Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, HR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.71-2.71), and the risk of respiratory death was higher than expected from the risk for all-cause mortality. Participants with frontotemporal dementia were more likely to die from external causes of death than those with AD (HR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.53-5.32).

    CONCLUSION: Dementia is underreported on death certificates as main and contributory causes. Individuals with LBD had a higher risk of respiratory death than those with AD.

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  • 44.
    Garcia-Ptacek, Sara
    et al.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Modéer, Ingrid Nilsson
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Farahmand, Bahman
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Religa, Dorota
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, Maria
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Differences in diagnostic process, treatment and social support for Alzheimer's dementia between primary and specialist care: results from the Swedish Dementia Registry2017Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 46, nr 2, s. 314-319Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) has shifted the burden of management towards primary care (PC). Our aim is to compare diagnostic process and management of AD in PC and specialist care (SC).

    DESIGN: cross-sectional study.

    SUBJECTS: a total of, 9,625 patients diagnosed with AD registered 2011-14 in SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry.

    METHODS: descriptive statistics are shown. Odds ratios are presented for test performance and treatment in PC compared to SC, adjusted for age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and number of medication.

    RESULTS: a total of, 5,734 (60%) AD patients from SC and 3,891 (40%) from PC. In both, 64% of patients were women. PC patients were older (mean age 81 vs. 76; P < 0.001), had lower MMSE (median 21 vs. 22; P < 0.001) and more likely to receive home care (31% vs. 20%; P < 0.001) or day care (5% vs. 3%; P < 0.001). Fewer diagnostic tests were performed in PC and diagnostic time was shorter. Basic testing was less likely to be complete in PC. The greatest differences were found for neuroimaging (82% in PC vs. 98% in SC) and clock tests (84% vs. 93%). These differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for MMSE and demographic characteristics. PC patients received less antipsychotic medication and more anxiolytics and hypnotics, but there were no significant differences in use of cholinesterase inhibitors between PC and SC.

    CONCLUSION: primary and specialist AD patients differ in background characteristics, and this can influence diagnostic work-up and treatment. PC excels in restriction of antipsychotic use. Use of head CT and clock test in PC are areas for improvement in Sweden.

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  • 45.
    García-Ptacek, Sara
    et al.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Farahmand, Bahman
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Cuadrado, Maria Luz
    Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
    Religa, Dorota Religa
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, Maria
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Body-mass index and mortality in incident dementia: a cohort study on 11,398 patients from SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry2014Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, ISSN 1525-8610, E-ISSN 1538-9375, Vol. 15, nr 6, s. 447.e1-447.e7Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Body mass index (BMI) is used worldwide as an indirect measure of nutritional status and has been shown to be associated with mortality. Controversy exists over the cut points associated with lowest mortality, particularly in older populations. In patients suffering from dementia, information on BMI and mortality could improve decisions about patient care.

    OBJECTIVES:

    The objective was to explore the association between BMI and mortality risk in an incident dementia cohort.

    DESIGN:

    Cohort study based on SveDem, the Swedish Quality Dementia Registry; 2008-2011.

    SETTING:

    Specialist memory clinics, Sweden.

    PARTICIPANTS:

    A total of 11,398 patients with incident dementia with data on BMI (28,190 person-years at risk for death).

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

    Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for mortality associated with BMI were calculated, controlling for age, sex, dementia type, results from Mini-Mental State Examination, and number of medications. BMI categories and linear splines were used.

    RESULTS:

    Higher BMI was associated with decreased mortality risk, with all higher BMI categories showing reduced risk relative to patients with BMI of 18.5 to 22.9 kg/m(2), whereas underweight patients (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)) displayed excess risk. When explored as splines, increasing BMI was associated with decreased mortality risk up to BMI of 30.0 kg/m(2). Each point increase in BMI resulted in an 11% mortality risk reduction in patients with BMI less than 22.0 kg/m(2), 5% reduction when BMI was 22.0 to 24.9 kg/m(2), and 3% risk reduction among overweight patients. Results were not significant in the obese weight range. Separate examination by sex revealed a reduction in mortality with increased BMI up to BMI 29.9 kg/m(2) for men and 24.9 kg/m(2) for women.

    CONCLUSION:

    Higher BMI at the time of dementia diagnosis was associated with a reduction in mortality risk up to and including the overweight category for the whole cohort and for men, and up to the normal weight category for women.

  • 46.
    Hallgren, Jenny
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Fransson, Eleonor I.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Reynolds, Chandra A.
    Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Riverside, USA.
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dahl Aslan, Anna K.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Factors associated with hospitalization risk among community living middle aged and older persons: results from the Swedish Adoption/TwinStudy of Aging (SATSA)2016Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print), ISSN 0167-4943, E-ISSN 1872-6976, Vol. 66, s. 102-108Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The aims of the present study were to: (1) describe and compare individual characteristics of hospitalized and not hospitalized community living persons, and (2) to determine factors that are associated with hospitalization risk over time. We conducted a prospective study with a multifactorial approach based on the population-based longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). A total of 772 Swedes (mean age at baseline 69.7 years, range 46–103, 59.8% females) answered a postal questionnaire about physical and psychological health, personality and socioeconomic factors. During nine years of follow-up, information on hospitalizations and associated diagnoses were obtained from national registers. Results show that 484 persons (63%) had at least one hospital admission during the follow-up period. The most common causes of admission were cardiovascular diseases (25%) and tumors (22%). Cox proportional hazard regression models controlling for age, sex and dependency within twin pairs, showed that higher age (HR = 1.02, p < 0.001) and more support from relatives (HR = 1.09, p = 0.028) were associated with increased risk of hospitalization, while marital status (unmarried (HR = 0.75, p = 0.033) and widow/widower (HR = 0.69, p < 0.001)) and support from friends (HR = 0.93, p = 0.029) were associated with lower risk of hospitalization. Social factors were important for hospitalization risk even when medical factors were controlled for in the analyses. Number of diseases was not a risk in the final regression model. Hospitalization risk was also different for women and men and within different age groups. We believe that these results might be used in future interventions targeting health care utilization.

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  • 47.
    Hedberg, Linn
    et al.
    Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kumar, Abhishek
    Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Skott, Pia
    Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Smedberg, Jan-Ivan
    Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Seiger, Åke
    Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sandborgh-Englund, Gunilla
    Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nordin, Love Engström
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Diagnostic Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tzortzakakis, Antonios
    Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Westman, Eric
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
    Trulsson, Mats
    Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ekman, Urban
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit, Medical Psychology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    White matter abnormalities mediate the association between masticatory dysfunction and cognition among older adults2023Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, E-ISSN 1365-2842, Vol. 50, nr 12, s. 1422-1431Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Masticatory parameters, such as reduced number of teeth and posterior contacts, have been shown to be associated with reduced cognitive status. The underlying mechanisms that affect these associations, are however, not well understood.

    OBJECTIVES: The study aims to investigate the association between masticatory dysfunction and cognition and explore the mediating effect of brain structure.

    METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 45 older adults with subjective masticatory dysfunction (mean age 72.3 ± 4.0 years) were included. Mini-Mental State Examination score <25, brain trauma, neurological disease, neurodegenerative disorders, depression or poor Swedish language skills were criteria for exclusion. Cognitive functions (executive function and episodic memory) and masticatory dysfunction defined by functional occluding status (FOS; the number of occluding units and number of remaining teeth) were analysed with partial correlation models. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 28 feasible participants. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of brain structure and white matter hypointensities (WM-hypo) on cognitive functions. A mediation analysis was applied to assess significant predictor/s of the association between FOS and cognition.

    RESULTS: Both episodic memory and executive functions were positively correlated with FOS. WM-hypo predicted cognitive status (executive function, p ≤ .01). WM-hypo mediated 66.6% (p = 0.06) of the association between FOS and executive functions.

    CONCLUSION: Associations between FOS and cognitive functions are reported, where FOS, a potential modifiable risk factor, was related to both episodic memory and executive functions. The mediating effect of WM-hypo on the association between FOS and executive functions highlights the impact of the vascularisation of the brain on the link between mastication and cognition. The present study provides increased knowledge that bridges the gap between masticatory dysfunction and cognition.

  • 48.
    Hoang, M. T.
    et al.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Studies on Integrated Health and Welfare (SIHW).
    Lindgren, E.
    Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    von Koch, L.
    Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Xu, H.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tan, E. C. K.
    Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johnell, K.
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nägga, K.
    Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, M.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Garcia-Ptacek, S.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Immigration and access to dementia diagnostics and treatment: A nationwide study in Sweden2024Ingår i: SSM - Population Health, ISSN 2352-8273, Vol. 25, artikel-id 101573Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 49.
    Hoang, M. T.
    et al.
    Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    von Euler, M.
    Karolinska Institutet, Departments of Clinical Science and Education, Medicine, Södersjukhuset, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jönsson, L.
    Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    von Koch, L.
    Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, M.
    Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Garcia-Ptacek, S.
    Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Costs of Inpatient Rehabilitation for Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Dementia: A Cohort Swedish Register-Based Study2020Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, ISSN 1387-2877, E-ISSN 1875-8908, Vol. 73, nr 3, s. 967-979Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Stroke and dementia are frequent comorbidities. Dementia possibly increases total costs of stroke care, especially cost of institutionalization and informal medical care. However, stroke rehabilitation costs in dementia patients are understudied.

    OBJECTIVE:

    To estimate inpatient stroke rehabilitation costs for Swedish dementia patients in comparison with non-dementia patients.

    METHODS:

    A longitudinal cohort study with linked data from the Swedish Dementia Register and the Swedish Stroke Register was conducted. Patients diagnosed with dementia who suffered a first ischemic stroke between 2010 and 2014 (n = 138) were compared with non-dementia patients (n = 935). Cost analyses were conducted from a Swedish health care perspective. The difference of rehabilitation costs between the two groups was examined via simple linear regression (before and after matching by propensity scores of dementia) and multiple linear regression.

    RESULTS:

    Mean inpatient rehabilitation costs for dementia and non-dementia patients were SEK 103,693/$11,932 and SEK 130,057/$14,966, respectively (median SEK 92,183/$10,607 and SEK 106,365/$12,239) (p = 0.001). Dementia patients suffered from more comorbidities and experienced lower functioning, compared to non-dementia patients. The inpatient rehabilitation cost for patients with known dementia was 0.84 times the cost in non-dementia individuals.

    CONCLUSION:

    Dementia diagnosis was significantly associated with lower inpatient stroke rehabilitation costs. This might be explained by physicians' beliefs on the limited effectiveness of rehabilitation in dementia patients. Further research on cost-effectiveness of stroke rehabilitation and patients' satisfaction with stroke rehabilitation is necessary.

  • 50.
    Hoang, M. T.
    et al.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Von Euler, M.
    Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Von Koch, L.
    Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, M.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Garcia-Ptacek, S.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Satisfaction with Stroke Care among Patients with Alzheimer's and Other Dementias: A Swedish Register-Based Study2021Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, ISSN 1387-2877, E-ISSN 1875-8908, Vol. 79, nr 2, s. 905-916Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Patient dissatisfaction with stroke care is associated with poor self-rated health and unmet care needs. Dementia patients' satisfaction with stroke care is understudied.

    Objective: To compare satisfaction with stroke care in patients with and without dementia.

    Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 5,932 dementia patients (2007-2017) who suffered a first stroke after dementia diagnosis and 39,457 non-dementia stroke patients (2007-2017). Data were retrieved by linking the Swedish Stroke Register, the Swedish Dementia Register, the Swedish National Patient Register, and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The association between dementia and satisfaction was analyzed with ordinal logistic regression.

    Results: When dementia patients answered themselves, they reported significantly lower odds of satisfaction with acute stroke care (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60-0.85), healthcare staff's attitude (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66-0.96), communication with doctors (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66-0.92), stroke information (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.52-0.74); but not regarding inpatient rehabilitation (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.75-1.16), or outpatient rehabilitation (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.73-1.18). When patients answered with caregivers' help, the association between dementia status and satisfaction remained significant in all items. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia reported lower odds of satisfaction with acute care and healthcare staff's attitude when they answered themselves.

    Conclusion: Patients with dementia reported lower satisfaction with stroke care, revealing unfulfilled care needs among dementia patients, which are possibly due to different (or less) care, or because dementia patients require adaptations to standard care.

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