Crowdfunding research to date has mainly focused on the nature and dynamics characterizing platforms containing creative and innovative ideas, while less attention has been given to subsistence entrepreneurship which centers on social, environmental, and economic concerns. This chapter develops a conceptual framework to examine the sustainable crowdfunding process supporting subsistence entrepreneurship, and then using the framework, the case illustration of Kiva is presented to describe how sustainable crowdfunding facilitates the development of ventures created to alleviate poverty and promote sustainability. The proposed framework combines elements of crowdfunding with aspects of sustainability, as well as subsistence entrepreneurship. Subsistence entrepreneurship includes the actions, activities, and processes undertaken by individuals living in the bottom of the pyramid to promoting sustainability. Crowdfunding acts as a key tool to attract financial means relevant for subsistence entrepreneurship. The chapter concludes with a discussion of key implications that arise from this research.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the logics at work when companies decide what corporate features to communicate; which eventually also accounts for their corporate brands identities.  

Design/methodology/approach: As a case in point, we focus on the concept “family business” and investigate the rationale among companies to make particular reference to being such a company on their websites – a decision we interpret as part of the corporate brand identity formation. Interviews are made with 14 CEOs in 12 small and medium-sized family enterprises in a Swedish context. We employ a discourse analysis to distinguish patterns of corporate feature selection. 

Findings: Our results highlight how decisions that define corporate brand identity are not necessarily a consequence of rigorous marketing planning, but are sometimes made without concern for marketing matters. We identify three logics for the selection and formation of corporate brand identity features; the habit, organic and intended logics. On account of these findings, we develop a three logics model of corporate brand identity formation; proposing differences between intuitive, emergent and strategic processes. In the intuitive process, managers construct brand identity based on tradition, instinctive beliefs and self perception. In the emergent process, the decision surfaces from active interplay between self-perception among managers and the company’s identity. In the strategic process, the decision is a product of an explicit brand strategy with focus on corporate communications.

Research limitations/implications: The sample size is small. No large firms are included. We focus on one corporate feature, namely, being family business. 

Originality/value: Research on corporate brand identity is still largely conceptual. Drawing on empirical findings, this paper contributes to available theory and to practical insight. 

Key words: Corporate brand management, corporate brand identity, marketing communications, family business.

Purpose – This chapter explores the m1eaning and significance of family business social responsibilities (FBSRs) using a metasystem approach, placing emphasis on the role of the family.

Design/Methodology/Approach – We employ a revelatory case study to investigate the complexity of family business (corporate) social responsibility. The main case, a German shoe retailer, is supplemented by other case illustrations that provide additional insights into FBSR.

Findings – To fully understand social responsibility in a family firm context, we need to include social initiatives that go beyond the actual family business as a unit. This FBSR connects family members outside and inside the business and across generations. As FBSR is formed through individual and familylevel values, its character is idiosyncratic and contrasts the often standardized approaches in widely held firms.

Practical Implication – Family businesses need to go beyond the business as such when considering their engagement in social responsibility. Family ownership implies that all social initiatives conducted by family members, regardless if they are involved in the firm or not, are connected. This includes a shared responsibility for what family members do at present and have done in the past.

This paper employs an inductive case study to explore the relevance of the family functions in the opportunity creation process by immigrant entrepreneurs. We employ the perspective of the opportunity creation process and the family functions for theory building purposes. We conducted four cases of immigrant entrepreneurs who established businesses in Sweden and that have their origins in Lebanon and Syria, Cameroon, Mexico, and Syria. The paper identifies three family functions -- or family ways of working -- facilitating the opportunity creation process: (I) changing family roles, (II) family (acting) as a springboard, (III) family (acting) as trusting bedrock. These family functions were not static features rather processes influencing the opportunity creation process. The functions were connected to a specific opportunity creation process in the same order: (I) the triggering process, (II) the exploration of an entrepreneurial idea and (III) the exploitation of the entrepreneurial idea. The family functions changed as needed during the opportunity creation processes. Such change was however limited to the pool of resources available to the immigrant entrepreneur and the family in the home and host countries.

This paper conducts an inductive case study to build a theory on the role of family in both the host and home countries in immigrant entrepreneurs' attempts at creating entrepreneurial opportunities. We used the perspectives of the opportunity creation process and family social capital. We relied on data collected from four cases of immigrant entrepreneurs from Lebanon, Syria, Cameroon and Mexico who have established businesses in Sweden. The paper identified three sources of family social capital: family duties, family trust and family support as being relevant for creating opportunities. While family duties triggered the process of forming an entrepreneurial idea, this process was advanced by the existence of family trust. Family support was then the building block for launching an entrepreneurial idea. By identifying these three sources of family social capital, we show that families in the host and home countries contribute to immigrant entrepreneurs' opportunity creation.

This paper conducts an inductive case study to understand how the opportunity creation process leads to integration. It examines four cases of immigrant entrepreneurs of Cameroonian, Lebanese, Mexican and Assyrian origins who founded their businesses in Sweden. The study relies on process-oriented theory building and develops an inductive model of integration as an opportunity creation process. The model identifies entrepreneurial ‘breaking’ actions occurring in the integration process. This entails that immigrants act when they are socially excluded and discriminated in the labour market by developing business ideas and becoming entrepreneurs. By practicing the new language and accommodating native customers’ preferences, immigrants then reorient their entrepreneurial ideas. Finally, the immigrants tailor their ideas to suit their new customers by strengthening their sense of belonging to the local community. The suggested model shows immigrants’ acculturation into the host society via three successive phases: breaking-ice, breaking-in, and breaking-out. In the breaking-ice phase, immigrants trigger entrepreneurial ideas to overcome the disadvantages that they face as immigrants in the host country. In the breaking-in phase, immigrants articulate their entrepreneurial ideas by bonding with the ethnic community. In the breaking-out phase, the immigrants reorient their entrepreneurial ideas by desegregating them locally. The paper concludes by elaborating theoretical and practical implications of the research.

This paper examines the roles of family in migrant entrepreneurs’ opportunity development. We employ the opportunity development and family embeddedness for theory building purposes. We conducted a longitudinal inductive case study on four cases of migrant entrepreneurs who have established businesses in Sweden and who have their origins in Lebanon and Syria, Cameroon, and Mexico, documented with 29 interviews and field observations. The paper identifies families embedding occurring by means of three norms of reciprocity and obligations that facilitate the opportunity development process. These norms are fulfilling the expectations of family and the existing family business, regularly interacting with family and the existing family business, and deploying family and business loyalty. These norms are connected to specific sub-processes of opportunity development, namely, the generation of an entrepreneurial idea, shaping an entrepreneurial idea, and defining the (new) family venture offering. By identifying these norms in the opportunity development processes, we theorize that migrant entrepreneurs rely on different family members and the existing family business from the home or host country at different moments of the opportunity development process. Such dynamic creates different norms of reciprocity and obligations for migrant entrepreneurs and their families, which influence the opportunity development.

A circular economy (CE) addresses the shift in economic systems from an unsustainable linear approach to a sustainable circular approach through start-ups and entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE). A single level of focus on CE research limits an understanding of the mechanisms fostering a transition towards CE. We conduct a systematic review of the macro-meso-micro interconnections between start-ups and EE in CE using bibliometric and content analyses to scope the literature without time boundaries. This exercise led to 90 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. We contribute to literature on entrepreneurship and CE by building an integrative multi-level framework linked to the just and safe planetary boundaries by bridging macro-level explanations (public policies, regulations and infrastructure) and the meso-level (circular supply chains and circular ecosystems) and micro-level (circular start-ups and circular business models). The framework highlights social and environmental sustainability challenges, and just and safe close-loop production patterns.

Högre utbildning i Sverige ska enligt Högskolelagens paragraf 5 främja hållbar utveckling (Svensk högskolelag 1992:1434). Hållbar utveckling har definierats som en ”utveckling som tillfredsställer dagens behov utan att kompromissa med kommande generationers möjligheter att tillfredsställa sina behov” (United Nations, 1987). Hållbar utveckling innebär ansvarstagande för kommande generationer och utsträcker sig globalt. När ekologiska gränser överskrids kan människors möjligheter till goda liv undermineras.

Våren 2013 fick författarna till denna rapport pedagogiska medel för att kartlägga undervisning om och för hållbar utveckling vid Högskolan i Jönköping. Syftet var att undersöka omfattningen av hållbar utveckling i undervisningen på strategisk nivå, programnivå, kursplanenivå och undervisningsnivå. Ett ytterligare syfte var att utifrån en analys av resultatet föreslå åtgärder som kan stärka högskolan i arbetet med utbildning för hållbar utveckling. Kartläggningen började med ett liknande upplägg på samtliga fackhögskolor men fick också anpassas till förutsättningarna på varje skola.

Resultatet av kartläggningen visar skillnader mellan de olika fackhögskolorna i hur hållbarhetsfrågor inkluderas i undervisningen. Allt från att ingen kursplan innehållande hållbar utveckling identifierats till att undervisningen måste inkludera ett visst antal högskolepoäng. Kartläggningen visar också att tolkningarna av hållbar utveckling och undervisning för/om hållbar utveckling varierar mellan enskilda lärare.

På Hälsohögskolan är området osynligt i kursplaner och inkluderandet av hållbar utveckling i undervisningen bygger på enskilda lärares engagemang. På Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation skiljer det sig mellan olika program där inslaget av hållbar utveckling varierar från att behandlas ingående till att inte synas explicit. Internationella handelshögskolan har prioriterat arbete med etiska och sociala frågor i utbildning och ekologisk hållbarhet är mindre framträdande. Det finns dock kurser som inkluderar ekologiska, sociala och ekonomiska dimensioner. Jönköpings tekniska högskola har en genomarbetad strategi för hur hållbar utveckling skall finnas med i utbildningarna. Varje utbildning skall integrera minst sex högskolepoäng.

Sammantaget konstateras fortsatta förbättringsmöjligheter för Högskolan i Jönköping på strategisk nivå, programnivå, kursplanenivå och undervisningsnivå. Skillnader mellan bolagen, programmen och kurserna kan utnyttjas som en tillgång i förbättringsarbetet. En framgångsfaktor verkar vara att som JTH ha med hållbar utveckling i strategidokument med tydliga mål på omfattning samt att kursplaner innehåller moment som förklarar hur hållbar utveckling avhandlas. Vi rekommenderar också att tydliga mål sätts upp på varje fackhögskola och att lärare ges tid och resurser att ta del av de verktygslådor för hållbar utveckling som finns (en lista på sådana finns i rapporten). Ytterligare förslag på hur implementering kan stimuleras ges också, så som skapande av nätverk, införlivande av ämnet i högskolepedagogiska kurser samt högskolegemensamma temadagar för studenter.

This article problematizes the delimitations of the Triple Helix approach concerning social aspects of innovation and entrepreneurship by acknowledging the engagement of a wider range of actors and sectors in such processes of change. Instead, the article explores the potential of the Quadruple Helix approach to help identify soci(et)al needs, envision inclusive social and economic renewal, and develop innovative measures for attaining those visions. As a response to the delimited focus of the Triple Helix, the Quadruple Helix adds civil sector actors to the already acknowledged private, public and academic sector actors. The article uses three case studies from Sweden and Mexico to demonstrate how a wider range of actors and sectors can be included in processes of soci(et)al innovation and entrepreneurship. The authors were involved in the cases in a dual role of activists and researchers in line with a participatory research approach. This results distinguish how the Quadruple Helix approach serves to facilitate socially inclusive regional development by enabling the involved actors to contribute to social innovation both as professionals and volunteers to initiate tailor-made solutions for social ventures, and universities to encourage scholars and students to intertwine theoretical development and soci(et)al change.

In this chapter, we do a minor close reading of the concept “the other within” (TOW) with the purpose to delineate potential conceptual advancement (MacInnis. J Marketing, 75(4), 136–154; 2018) that TOW as a specific form of entrepreneurial agency for subsistence entrepreneurs bring to entrepreneurship studies in general and subsistence entrepreneurship studies in particular. TOW is here elaborated conceptually upon as an entrepreneurial agency practiced subtly, on-going and insistently in everyday life by entrepreneurs embedded in more constraints (real and/or perceived) relative to the average entrepreneur. Our point of departure is the work of Michel de Certeau (The Practice of Everyday Life, 1988/1984; originally published 1974 as Arts de faire), from which we proceed toward the few other authors who have explicitly used TOW as a concept. After having derived central properties of the proposed conceptual construct (TOW) out of these texts, we sum up the core characteristics for the other within as a specific agency for subsistence entrepreneurs, a form of entrepreneurial agency practiced by necessity due to constraints and limitations imposed upon subsistence entrepreneurs out of their control. 

Research on the development of education for sustainability places attention to transformative processes and systemic changes at the university. Literature mainly studies processes to develop courses, programs and management systems but seldom investigates transformative processes and actions triggering organizational change. The objective of this paper is to identify key actions and transformative processes embodying an education for sustainability and to explore the systemic change outcomes, using the perspective of social learning. We relied on a participatory research method for the exploratory case study in a Swedish university. Our findings showed multiple key actions that resulted in five transformational processes. Together these transformative processes resulted in three systemic changes: organizational changes in sustainability perceptions, organizational changes in the working structures and educational curricula, and individual changes in perceptions and engagement on sustainability. A novel finding was that networking cross disciplinary facilitated double loop refection and worked as catalyst for other transformational processes. The result indicates that development of education for sustainability is facilitated by a combination of multiple transformative processes taking place with both top-down and bottom-up rationale. These processes generate individual and collective actions. Individual and network champions and top-managers play a key role in developing education for sustainability. In order to foster systemic change at the university, the existence of this complexity is crucial for developing education for sustainability.

Entrepreneurship in emerging economies and developing countries presents us with a unique set of working attitudes, modes of thinking, social practices and processes. This book explores these characteristics’, focusing on the conceptualization of entrepreneurship ‘in-between’. It highlights top-down, bottom-up and hybrid initiatives as well as driving forces for entrepreneurial activities, presenting the diversity, nuances and multiplicity of facets of relevant but unexplored contexts that we need in order to expand our dominant and traditional understandings of entrepreneurship.This book examines entrepreneurship as a contextualized phenomenon from different theoretical and empirical perspectives, gathering a group of researchers with different nationalities, backgrounds and contexts to shed light on how societies with alternative paths of development trigger different entrepreneurial activities and practices. It covers geographical contexts from five continents in a novel and multifaceted analysis.Including case studies, literature reviews and discourse analysis, this book will be a valuable resource for academics and PhD students as well as programme directors in entrepreneurship, development studies and economic geography, and policymakers working with local and regional development and entrepreneurship.

While research on corporate venturing is growing, most existing studies are conceptual or designed to uncover broader empirical patterns and they take a managerial approach. Recently scholars have called for taking into account the role of the ownership context in corporate venturing as well as the practices that constitute the micro processes of corporate venturing. This paper heeds this call by studying the corporate venturing activities of next generation members in family owned businesses (FOBs), and drawing on a practice theory lens inspired by Michel de Certeau to address the following research question: How do next generation family members go about in everyday life to realise their new venture ideas? Empirically the study is based on in-depth case research into three Mexican FOBs where next generation family members are engaged in launching new ventures. The study reveals five everyday practices of corporate venturing associated with motivation and relating logics of owning family members and show how these practices emanate out of existing dominant strategic orders that are present in the owning family context. The five practices represent appropriation efforts of family members to make-do corporate venturing part of their daily life. The findings suggest that although the dominant strategic orders limit the corporate venturing efforts of family members temporarily, individuals may find ways around them to overcome power issues. The study extends the understanding of everyday practices of corporate venturing in the FOB context as well as the meaning of Certeau’s practice theory.

Drawing on an Entrepreneurship as Practice (EaP) approach, this article examines how next generation members in family owned businesses (FOBs) engage in external venturing. Our study builds on longitudinal qualitative research in two Mexican FOBs where the next generation launched ten ventures. It reveals five different practices of external venturing used by next generation family members: ‘obtaining family approval', ‘bypassing family', ‘family venture mimicking', ‘jockeying in family', and ‘jockeying around family.' The five practices are combined into three routes for external venturing: ‘imitating the family business', ‘splitting the family business', and ‘surpassing the family business.' Building on notions from de Certeau's practice theory (1988/1984), we present the five practices as ways of operating and the routes as modes of sensing to better understand how next generation family members deal with settings featured by dominant orders within the family and the FOB in their attempts to originate and launch their new ventures.

Entrepreneurship policy assumes that venture creation is important due to its contribution to the economy. Such a policy shapes the institutional environment in which entrepreneurs take their decisions and start their ventures. However, the question of if and how entrepreneurship policy influences entrepreneurial activity positively is far from being answered. Also, the influence of context on entrepreneurship policymaking is far from being addressed. This chapter therefore conducts a content analysis of entrepreneurship policies for the health sector in Rwanda. It specifically looks at the discourses linked to an entrepreneur- and business-enabling environment and analyzes how they contribute in promoting entrepreneurship in the health sector in Rwanda from a contextual perspective. Our study contributes theoretically to research on contextualizing entrepreneurship and research on entrepreneurship policy in two ways: First, by actually undertaking an empirical study on entrepreneurship policy in a developing country rather than applying Western policymaking to developing countries; second, by focusing on a case where the entrepreneurship policy explicitly aims at the betterment of society.

Book Description: 

This book provides insights into how new ventures in emerging economies and developing countries generate social innovation. It showcases new forms of business and how they are different from traditional business models. With increasing drive for innovation in emerging markets and lack of knowledge of how these markets work, this book enriches existing literature by looking at how such businesses in developing economies break new ground in a daunting, resource constrained environment. The book examines successful individual entrepreneurs, social relationships, product innovation, processes, systems and markets through cases. It navigates across key theoretical elements including individual initiative-taking, agency, and opportunity contexts.

This book will be a useful reference to understanding the dynamics of new ventures in emerging markets and how they fuel social innovation and sustainable development.

This paper explores sustainability in water project management with a contextual approach. We rely on an exploratory case study with interviews and field visits to three water project sites within the Bugesera district in Rwanda. The results show that water project management includes aspects of social, cultural, environmental and economic sustainability driven by a compliant organization logic. This implies that water project management was steered by existing policies, regulations and procedures. In particular, cultural sustainability was important to capture contextual practices in the project delivery process, such as Umuganda meetings and committees. Such practices allowed the inclusion of the local community by identifying their water needs, defining their benefits and conveying project ownership to the local community. This study proposes a model offering a contextual approach to sustainability in water project management. The model is useful to identify new contextual/empirical phenomena as well as to advance theory.

This licentiate thesis is about the socio-economic activities of regional networks. The research objective is to explore and describe the networking activities taking place between the organisations embedded in such networks. The objective also includes studying the consequences of those networking activities for regional industrial activities as a whole.

The thesis reports the findings of four papers, each dealing with different parts of the research objective and conceptual framework articulated in the introductory chapter. The empirical data was collected through case studies of the furniture industry in Lammhult, the silk industry in Como, and the furniture industry in the Metropolitan area of Jalisco.

The results imply that firms, non-profit organisations, and government agencies bind together in regional networks in the three cases studied. These regional networks each have distinguishing characteristics: the particular motives for forming the network, the firms and organisations available locally, and the firms’ common area of specialisation in each case. These regional networks share some similarities in these regards, and these similarities influence the objectives, member selection, network hub selection, and initial activities of the networks. These characteristics differ among the regional networks with respect to their initiation and duration. Within a time-frame, the members of the regional network select complementary members and define specialised objectives and activities.

The results also reveal that regional networks have different network activities that are characterised by distinct mixtures of temporal, spatial, social, and market embeddedness. The mixtures of different types of embeddedness result in diverse development trajectories in which regional networks have similar and different networking activities over time. The most common type of collaboration among the members of regional networks is their joint participation in international tradeshows. Regional networks develop more specialised networking activities over time, even though these activities take time – sometimes years – to be planned, co-ordinated, realised, and evaluated. The results also indicate that the networking activities of the regional networks have diverse consequences for the industrial activity in the three studied regions.

Many of the insightful writings on clusters identify the role of entrepreneurs as key agents in the formation of firms and clusters. This thesis argues instead that local entrepreneurship is not ceased once firms and clusters are established; local entrepreneurship is about the continuous (re)creation of both businesses and clusters in global spaces. Global spaces for local entrepreneurship emphasises how firms collectively become an agent of continuous renewal. Firms enact an organising context materialising in networks that stretch relations and collaborations according to the issues being dealt with. These networks are localised but are extended beyond the geographical boundaries of clusters. One important example of this, which is in focus in this doctoral thesis, is that firms operating in clusters often interact with actors whom they have met at international trade fairs (ITFs). ITFs are those attractive events that individuals, firms and institutions attend temporarily to exhibit and trade products in foreign and national markets.

This thesis is based on the work contained in a cover and five papers. Each paper contributes to the research objective and questions brought forward in the thesis cover. The empirical evidence has been mostly drawn from several case studies conducted in the Lammhult cluster in Sweden. The findings show that firms build their organising contexts in order to stretch the reach and accessibility to local and non-local actors; they jointly co-create potential opportunities. The organising contexts are mapped in networks using three proximity orders. The empirical findings report three types of situations in which there is a potential opportunity for continuous renewal. By emphasising the opportunities that can be originated when a business is not realised or when a new or improved product or process has not been generated yet, this thesis aims to stimulate a theoretical reappraisal of global spaces for local entrepreneurship. With the conceptual development of global spaces for local entrepreneurship, we put forward the idea that such spaces enhance an ability to renew firms and clusters. The underlying reason is that local entrepreneurship is centered on the social interaction between individuals, firms and/or institutions; it materialises in intended and unintended dialogical situations when there is a commitment to the continuous renewal of firms and clusters. Such dialogical situations carry with them an opportunity for co-creating new businesses, new products and new processes.

Conceptualizing proximity as a mainly geographically and more or less permanently anchored phenomenon has been shown to be insufficient in clusters; the proximity between firms also has a temporary and relational character when coupled with globalization. This paper aims to contribute to this debate, exploring the role of international trade fairs (ITFs) for amplifying permanent and temporary proximities in clusters. Combining permanent and temporary proximities, a framework is integrated to enquire how non-local foreign relations encountered at ITFs are interconnected in a cluster network. The cluster network depicts the firms that are related for business and innovation purposes at three kinds of proximity. The first kind, the intra-cluster proximity, concerns the overall local networking. The second kind, the extra-cluster proximity, comprises trans-national friendship relations, trans-national market relations, and trans-national partnerships instigated at ITFs. The third kind, the bridging proximity, includes the cases in which firms engaged at ITFs interact with firms not participating at ITFs. This paper relies on social network analysis techniques in order to examine the proximity kinds in a Swedish cluster. The findings reveal that ITFs amplify the possibilities for interconnecting local relations and transnational relations. Participation at ITFs can potentially help firms to overcome the geographical limits of clusters.

This paper elaborates a proximity framework and provides empirical evidence of how knowledge cross-fertilization is instigated at international trade fairs (ITFs) and continued in a cluster network. This paper applies a case study method relying on social network analysis to explore the knowledge cross-fertilization initiated at ITFs and furthered at a Swedish cluster. The findings suggest that firms participating at ITFs translate and re-articulate the acquired external knowledge through their interactions in the cluster network. Creating awareness of the ITFs' influence on innovation is significant for policy-makers and scholars.

Introduction: While current debates on higher education are concerned with “what are we actually teaching in Education for sustainable development“ (Kopnina and Meijers 2014) or “how can we evaluate what we teach“, there is a lack of research addressing how universities are enabling change and developing new higher education approaches. Dominant educational structures across the world are based on fragmentation rather than connections and synergy to achieve a holistic approaches to education for sustainability (Wals, 2009). Education for sustainability calls for new kinds of collective learning that are centered on a transmissive nature (i.e. learning as reproduction) but rather on a transformative nature (i.e. learning as change). Embodying an active care for sustainability on higher education implies having an education for sustainability that includes socialization for democratic skills and values, and the development of a personal- and collective sense of competence (Chawla and Flanders Cushing, 2007).

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to explore how a university create approaches on education for sustainability by engaging – or not its faculty and students, and how such approaches support or not authentic sustainable citizenship. To fulfil this purpose, we rely on theory of situated learning (Lave and Wenger, 1991) and communities of practices (Wenger, 2011) to move beyond static approaches to more dynamic approaches on education for sustainability.

Methods: We conducted a case study (Eisenhardt, 1989; Miles and Huberman, 1984; Yin 1984) to investigate how approaches to education for sustainability were changed and built in Jönkoping University. As the study progressed, there was a mixture of inductive and deductive research strategies. This means that theoretical development occurred by combining the perspectives and observation of actors with existing literature. We interviewed strategically chosen persons and analyzed official documents.

Results: The study revealed the processes for stimulating education for sustainability in a university that allowed each school to define freely its approach to sustainability. As a result, communities of practices stimulating situated learning were originated at the university. There were a myriad of ‘working’ approaches and degrees of prioritization on education for sustainability. Such approaches emerged following different rationales. In a bottom-up rationale, institutional entrepreneurs/faculty members and students created smaller communities of practices linked to their courses and activities. In a top-down rationale a school included principles promoting sustainability. Finally, a mix rationale moved in-between those approaches.

Conclusion: We propose that considering those rationales in a single university promotes communities of practice as well as authentic sustainable citizenship.

This chapter has three purposes: First, to briefly outline corporate venturing as a sub-field in corporate entrepreneurship that recently has gained prominence in research on family-owned businesses (FOB); second, to highlight the missing social dimension in research on FOB that focuses on corporate venturing, conceptualize this added social dimension as corporate social venturing (CSV), and to empirically illustrate CSV with well-known Mexican FOB engaged in CSV; and third, to propose an agenda for researching CSV done by FOB.

In this entry, we argue that the understanding and conceptualization of next generation requires a closer examination of the following questions: Who might be included in the next generation? How does a person become seen as part of the next generation? When does a person become part of the next generation? We outline basic categories for each of the three questions, with the aim of bettering our understanding of these questions and indicate why they matter. We conclude that the combination of family-internal factors and the increased societal relevance of the family business accentuate the sense of purpose and broaden the domain of action of the next generation. Therefore, the question of the next generation’s success in the future affairs of the family business and the future development of the societies is a significant quest in our understanding of the next generation.