The process of combining various parts to create a structure is called building. The most effective and significant component of any construction is masonry. The Colosseum, buildings from ancient Greece and Rome, Central American buildings, and Mycenaean structures all used this material as one of their primary building elements. The oldest form is dry masonry of irregularly shaped stones. The ecological qualities of masonry, as a restorative material with a low impact on the environment, as well as the environmental control capacity of the massive wall, bring masonry back to attention as a suitable material for sustainable building in the context of current concerns for sustainable architecture. This article takes the form of a review of the journey of masonry as the primary construction material—from prehistoric structures to modern-day edifices. This article will go through the fundamentals of masonry construction to support its usage in structures throughout history and in many architectural styles, as a crucial representation of human construction in architectural history. This article aims to create a historical review, presenting masonry as an essential building material and assessing its role in the history of building materials

Sustainable innovation entails realizing society-oriented value creation in an environment-friendly manner. A smart city can be viewed as a holistic paradigm that avails of state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs, in other words) to advance the so-called “Internet of Things.” This aids the management of urban processes and improves the quality of life for the citizens. Smart cities are bound to keep getting “smarter” as the ICTs keep developing. While the technological factor represented by the IoT, augmented and virtual reality, artificial intelligence, urban digital twinning, cloud computing, and mobile Internet is a driving factor unarguably, innovation in urban ecology is a vital socio-economic factor that will spur the transformation of urban areas in the world to smart cities. In this chapter, the authors answer the “what,” how, and “who,” so to say, of the paradigm—smart cities—with real-life examples and a case study. They emphasize the importance of human ware and remind readers that technology—the all-encompassing Internet of Things with its infantry of cameras, sensors, and electronic devices—though powerful, is a humble servant in the service of the inhabitants of a smart city.

New trends such as globalization, the knowledge economy, and the information technology revolution have become essential factors affecting the development of universities in the new era. These trends have profoundly impacted the survival and growth of universities. First, universities need to shoulder the knowledge creation work in many fields related to human survival and development in the era of the knowledge economy. Secondly, they must adapt to the influence of the technological revolution on human knowledge acquisition methods and change traditions. I will further explore the new requirements for talents in the new era and adjust our talent training concepts, values and models. How universities respond to challenges through operational changes and explore new models of higher education in line with social development in the new era is a topic that universities worldwide need to consider. The study aims to create an effective model to improve the interaction between the lectures and seminars objectives and activities based on CDIO standards 3 and 8. The integrated curriculum and active learning are crucial for improving future students' engineers' skills.

Consequently, students will participate efficiently in the learning process. The study will focus on the concept of a "student-centered" learning environment based on the active learning model by using the research to create effective student engagement in the learning process. The work's positioning, goals, and learning model promotes the improvement of the student's engagement and learning mode in this context, pay attention to the course-student interaction in the process, stimulates students' learning initiative, and promote the teaching reform of participating colleges. The study aims to Increase the students' work and outcome towards creative results.

To understand the school’s role in society and its works, it became essential to reevaluate its functions and importance for society after the aggressive attack of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a new educational space design represents a powerful and required tool for stimulating creativity and increasing concentration, motivation, and assimilation of knowledge for future generations. The article will use appreciative inquiry as a method that works with perspective ideas readings doted by high positive human sensitivity. It also represents a powerful tool for the students’ opinions about the teaching spaces and environments. To improve the performance of educational institutions and schools, considering the sustainability concepts and biophilic designs has become an urgent necessity within the Scandinavian countries and in the world in general. The scientific research and theoretical analysis within the biophilic theory have been conducted to see how the designer can integrate the nature components holistically in the educational environment based on spatial, visual, and ecological integration concepts. The study aims to develop knowledge about applying biophilia as a phenomenon in educational institutes of Scandinavia where the students among others are the main decision-maker. The article’s main finding is that students dream of free open teaching spaces integrated with nature, where the biophilic theory frameworks are suitable to form this sustainable model that enables educational institutions and schools to improve their performance within different stages of the study.

Bricks are the most frequent ceramic product and may be found in antique and

modern structures. Together with stone and concrete, they are among the most used

building materials. Reading through history, we may see that throughout the Stone

Age, cave dwellers erected structures for a variety of reasons out of fragments of rocks

and boulders of various shapes; Menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs have survived

to this day—stone constructs used for religious purposes. Dwellings and fortresses

were constructed from unhewn natural stone, the shards of which were piled on each

other without any order. Brick is a common antique building material that has been

used from ancient times, such as in Egypt’s ancient dwellings, Rome’s Colosseum,

and many sections of China’s Great Wall. One of the earliest construction materials

is brick. It was utilized in Mycenaean civilization, ancient Greece, Rome, Central

America, and other ancient constructions. The oldest, used in prehistoric times, is

dry masonry of irregularly shaped stones. Soil is a natural building material that can

be seen everywhere, and it also has its unique style in traditional architecture. Like

wood, stone has been the primary building material since ancient times. It has been

used as a construction material since prehistoric times. The art of brickmaking

may be observed in the great range of textures and surface treatments, which constitute

a distinctive mark of each maker. Brick is now employed for resistant buildings,

regular internal walls, interior or outside surface decorating, pavement, and even

modern art installations. No other building feature provides as many opportunities

for producing one-of-a-kind architectural effects. 

This article overviews a new teaching method from COVID-19. It uses multimedia resources andmore traditional classroom activities together. The course focuses on the benefits of using online parts of hybridlearning in addition to in-person instruction. The benefits of such learning include more opportunities forcontact with classmates, participation in the educational process, greater leeway in time management, andinteractive education. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the new pedagogical approach thathas emerged in the wake of COVID-19, which has prompted a significant number of educational institutions toadopt a particular model due to the adaptability of its schedule and the way students are instructed, in addition tothe increased connection and engagement that it fosters between students and teachers. Students who cannotattend class physically can still study thanks to a new hybrid learning method. In addition, students who cannotparticipate in a traditional classroom setting due to health reasons may have more significant opportunities toparticipate in hybrid learning.

Today, the world vigorously promotes energy-saving, ecological, and environmentally friendly building materials. In constructing projects, green building materials are gradually recognized by building manufacturers. The development of environmental buildings largely depends on the development of bio-based building materials. Therefore, it is very important to develop and apply green building materials. Wood's organic warmth, softness, and other benefits, including its ability to act as a natural insulator and control moisture levels, make it an ideal building material for the future. Wood is sufficiently malleable and easy to process to create ready-made building modules from it at no extra cost. Wooden buildings fit into the surrounding landscape better than others. Wood is a lightweight, high strength, beautiful appearance, good workability, is renewable, recyclable, green, and pollution-free, so wood structure buildings have good stability and seismic performance. Wooden skyscrapers use wood as the primary building material. The architects are convinced that a lower carbon dioxide emission will accompany the construction of a wooden skyscraper compared to the construction of a conventional concrete building.

This article explores the possible ramifications of incorporating ideas from AEC Industry 6.0 into the design and construction of intelligent, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting structures. This statement highlights the need to shift away from the current methods seen in the AEC Industry 5.0 to effectively respond to the increasing requirement for creative and environmentally sustainable infrastructures. Modern building techniques have been made more efficient and long-lasting because of AEC Industry 6.0’s cutting-edge equipment, cutting-edge digitalization, and ecologically concerned methods. The academic community has thoroughly dissected the many benefits of AEC Industry 5.0. Examples are increased stakeholder involvement, automation, robotics for optimization, decision structures based on data, and careful resource management. However, the difficulties of implementing AEC Industry 6.0 principles are laid bare in this research. It calls for skilled experts who are current on the latest technologies, coordinate the technical expertise of many stakeholders, orchestrate interoperable standards, and strengthen cybersecurity procedures. This study evaluates how well the principles of Industry 6.0 can create smart, long-lasting, and ecologically sound structures. The goal is to specify how these ideas may revolutionize the building industry. In addition, this research provides an in-depth analysis of how the AEC industry might best adopt AEC Industry 6.0, underscoring the sector-wide significance of this paradigm change. This study thoroughly analyzes AEC Industry 6.0 about big data analytics, the IoT, and collaborative robotics. To better understand the potential and potential pitfalls of incorporating AEC Industry 6.0 principles into the construction of buildings, this study examines the interaction between organizational dynamics, human actors, and robotic systems.

International research is already booming, and global problems like climate change have sparked interdisciplinary initiatives involving academics from many nations, disciplines, and tongues. Integrating the research team, the supervisors, and the doctoral students present several challenges, such as multicultural issues; integrating a good team depends on the supervision style and type of postgraduate students and how to supervise students to conduct quality research. This article examines supervisory approaches, and the challenges and rewards supervisors face while supervising diverse projects. The lectures from the Graduate Studies in Supervision course were examined, along with a literature study. Two senior supervisors from the International Business School (JIBS) and the School of Engineering at Jönköping University participated in small-scale research and observed two supervisory sessions, where were discussions and supervisor reflections. Observations, talks, and the findings of a survey based on Lee's research were compared to determine the supervisory style. The failure to define the scope and writing of the publication when a journal article is rejected after 1-2 years, which affects the trust of the student and the supervisor and the time plan in a multidisciplinary project, are just a few of the challenges that emerged during postgraduate supervision. Discovering our teaching and supervision style may help guide our students in a multidisciplinary environment.