Bakgrund: Personcentrerad omvårdnad (PCO) är när den vårdsökande personen är delaktig i sin vård och blir sedd som mer än sin sjukdom eller åkomma. Förhållningssättet PCO grundade sig först inom demensvården men har numera blivit ett förhållningssätt som de flesta vårdinstitutioner eftersträvar. För att uppnå den förbättrande vården som PCO kan medföra, behövs en välplanerad och tydlig implementeringsplan från ledningen.

Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att implementera ett personcentrerat arbetssätt på en slutenvårdsavdelning.

Metod: En induktiv kvalitativ studie där elva intervjuer genomfördes. Därefter utfördes en innehållsanalys av åtta strategiskt utvalda intervjuer.

Resultat: Det finns förhoppningar hos deltagarna att implementeringen ska leda till en bättre och säkrare vård, men också farhågor om rädsla för förändring bland vårdpersonalen samt en ökad arbetsbelastning. Att arbeta personcentrerat upplevs av deltagarna kommer ställa högre krav på vårdteamet, framför allt sjuksköterskorna, när det gälller tid, kunskap och kommunikation.

Slutsats: För att kunna ge vårdsökande personen den bästa vården, behövs det engagerad och kompetent personal som har stöd och förståelse från ledningen. Trots de hinder som tycks finnas så lever en positiv anda bland sjuksköterskorna om implementeringen av PCO. Förhoppningarna är att ett personcentrerat arbetssätt bland annat ska öka delaktigheten som kan leda till kortare vårdtider samt minskar risken för återbesök tätt efter vårdtiden. Det i slutändan ger en bättre vård i helhet för den enskilda vårdsökande personen.

In this study, business experimentation for sustainable value creation is explored through seven cleantech start-ups by applying the systemic combining approach. The findings reveal novel descriptions of six different business experimentation types. The study also advances our theoretical understanding of how the specific roles of learning, signaling, and convincing dominate each of the experimentation types differently and how each type of business experimentation has a distinct purpose. Furthermore, our findings propose how business experimentation types can be applied as a continuum as part of the cleantech start-ups’ sustainable value creation process. Hence, our study contributes theoretically to our understanding of business experimentation for sustainable value creation and how the different types are applied in cleantech start-ups. We conclude our treatise with managerial implications and outline fruitful future research avenues.

Purpose This study aims to investigate how business-to-business (B2B) companies build brand personality via the products they provide and via their interactions with customers. Design/methodology/approach A multiple case study, which spans 10 years, investigates via interviews, observations, workshops and document analysis how two fast-growing B2B companies selling industrial equipment to manufacturers build brand personality. Findings The studied companies concentrate on different brand personality dimensions depending on the activities in which they engage. By focusing on brand competence in the realm of the actual product and brand warmth in the realm of the augmented product, the companies manage to create a complete and consistent brand personality. Research limitations/implications The research approach provides in-depth knowledge on how the companies build brands for a specific type of B2B product. However, the article's perspective is limited to that of management and therefore does not take customer reactions into account. Practical implications The study describes how firms can build strong B2B brands by emphasizing competence in product design and R&D and warmth in activities related to sales and customer service. Originality/value The study introduces a conceptually consistent view of brand personality in the form of warm and competent brands to the B2B marketing literature. It builds on and contributes to the emerging research on B2B brand personality. By relating the companies' brand-building activities to the type of products they sell, this study illustrates how context affects B2B brand building, and by integrating brand personality theory with product levels and marketing philosophy, it extends previous theory on B2B branding.

Studiens syfte är att ur professionellas perspektiv undersöka hur personer med kognitiva funktionshinder är delaktiga i beslut gällande flytt till egen bostad samt hur professionellas handlingsutrymme påverkar besluten. Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med hermeneutisk ansats och kvalitativ innehållsanalys som bearbetningsmetod. Intervjuer gjordes med fem anställda, de flesta av dem socionomer inom en offentlig organisation som producerar tjänster för personer med kognitiva funktionshinder. Resultatet visar att personer med kognitivt funktionshinder har begränsad delaktighet och få valmöjligheter i beslut gällande flytt till egen bostad. Delaktigheten påverkas av klientens och socialarbetarens förmåga att kommunicera med varandra men trots det användes inga kommunikationshjälpmedel i utredningen. Anhöriga antar ofta rollen som klientens tolkningsföreträdare och när det gäller beslut om flytt till egen bostad är det anhöriga som tar beslutet oberoende klientens grad av funktionshinder. Socialarbetarna upplever sig styrda av överordnade men det hindrar dem inte från att ibland överskrida det formella handlingsutrymmet för att göra det som de anser vara det bästa för klienten.

We study whether business incubator management collaboration with R&D milieus affects incubated entrepreneurs to also collaborate with R&D milieus in different regional contexts. Empirically, we analyse 281 Norwegian entrepreneurs in 32 different business incubators. Incubator collaboration with R&D milieus increases entrepreneur collaboration with R&D milieus in sparsely but not densely populated regions. Also, education level increases collaboration with R&D milieus (plus investor milieus and international customers). Entrepreneur collaboration with R&D milieus is positively associated with market orientation and perceptual performance but tends to delay enterprise development.

Light therapy is applied to older people with dementia as a treatment to reset the biological clock, to improve the cognitive functioning, and to reduce behavioral symptoms. Although the methodological quality of light therapy studies is essential, many aspects concerning the description of the lighting applied are missing. This study reviewed light therapy studies concerning the effects on people with dementia as a way to check the methodological quality of the description of light from a light engineering perspective. Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria were chosen for further analysis. Each study was scored on a list of aspects relevant to a proper description of lighting aspects. The overview demonstrates that the overall quality of the methodologies is poor. The studies describe the lighting insufficiently and not in the correct metrics. The robustness of light therapy studies can be improved by involving a light engineer or specialist.

Long-term care facilities are currently installing dynamic lighting systems with the aim to improve the well-being and behaviour of residents with dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of dynamic lighting systems from the perspective of stakeholders and the performance of the technology. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted with the management and care professionals of six care facilities. Moreover, light measurements were conducted in order to describe the exposure of residents to lighting. The results showed that the main reason for purchasing dynamic lighting systems lied in the assumption that the well-being and day/night rhythmicity of residents could be improved. The majority of care professionals were not aware of the reasons why dynamic lighting systems were installed. Despite positive subjective ratings of the dynamic lighting systems, no data were collected by the organizations to evaluate the effectiveness of the lighting. Although the care professionals stated that they did not see any large positive effects of the dynamic lighting systems on the residents and their own work situation, the majority appreciated the dynamic lighting systems more than the old situation. The light values measured in the care facilities did not exceed the minimum threshold values reported in the literature. Therefore, it seems illogical that the dynamic lighting systems installed in the researched care facilities will have any positive health effects.

When determining the effects of light on human beings, it is essential to correctly measure the effects, and to correctly measure the adequate properties of light. Therefore, it is important to know what is being measured and know the quality of the measurement devices. This paper describes simple methods for identifying three quality indices; the directional response index, the linearity index and the temperature index. These indices are also checked for several commonly used portable light measurement devices. The results stresses what was already assumed, the quality and the outcome of these devices under different circumstances were very different. Also, the location were these devices are normally worn has an impact on the results. The deviation range between worn vertically at eye level and the wrist is between 11% (outdoor) to 27% (indoor). The smallest deviation, both in indoor and outdoor, was found when the device was placed on the sides of the eye (7%). 

Introduktion – Detta examensarbete inom Byggnadsteknik vid Jönköpings Tekniska högskola i samarbete med Tyréns Sverige AB undersöker problematiken med 3D-modeller (tredimensionell modell) som bygghandlingar ur ett juridiskt perspektiv och undersöker hur digitaliseringen påverkar aktörer inom konstruktion. Studiens mål är att undersöka ett relevant och intressant forskningsområde för att bidra till kunskapsutveckling och utveckling av nya teorier eller metoder inom området.

Metod – Studien kommer att använda kvalitativ forskning som inkluderar primärdatainsamling genom intervjuer för att besvara frågeställningarna i rapporten. Författarna har valt denna metod för att uppnå en omfattande förståelse av respondenternas perspektiv och identifiera viktiga teman och mönster. Intervjuerna genomfördes med respondenter från olika delar av byggbranschen för att få en bredare bild av ämnet.

Resultat – Studien visade att det fanns vissa juridiska hinder för användningen av 3D-modeller som ritningsunderlag. Dessa hinder kopplas till bristande kunskap och osäkerhet i hantering av modellerna. Detta inkluderar frågor om upphovsrätt, ansvar och bevisvärde. Det finns ett behov att uppdatera dagens regelverk för att lättare hantera digitala modeller.

Analys – I analys av resultatet klargörs det att en branschstandard och tydligare riktlinjer skulle förebygga osäkerheterna och förebygga kunskapsluckor för användandet av BIM och 3D-modeller. En branschstandard hade kunnat leda till en säkrare övergång till en mer digitaliserad byggbransch. Det finns också ett behov av utbildning inom området för yrkesverksamma och beslutsfattande aktörer.

Diskussion – Diskussionen fokuserar på möjliga lösningar på de identifierade problemen, så som utveckling av standarder och riktlinjer, utbildning och uppdatering av regelverk. Det finns också ett behov av att öka medvetenheten om de juridiska aspekterna av användningen av 3D-modeller inom byggbranschen då osäkerheten av den juridiska statusen är hög. Juridiskt sett går det att använda sig av 3D- modeller som kontraktshandling, men studien visar att oron för det juridiska är en anledning till den svaga implementeringen.

Nyckelord – 3D-modell, 3D-projektering, BIM, Building Information Modeling,, bygghandling, kontraktsha juridik och upphovsrätt

Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to identify Swedish foundries’ challenges regarding circularity and sustainability demands and explore how SME foundries can be more sustainable and circular.

Method: The research approach used in this study is an exploratory multiple-case study. The research questions are answered by using qualitative data through interviews and observations as data collection methods.

Findings: The study’s findings present many challenges for Swedish foundries. The main challenges identified are fluctuations in demand, Just-in-Time, extra transports, and the availability of suitable supply chain partners.

The challenge of demand fluctuations for SME foundries resulted in a recommendation on how SMEs can face the challenge. The recommendation aims to reallocate capacity by warehousing, followed by increasing communication in the supply chain. The study concludes that Swedish foundries are far from achieving circular supply chains but strive for sustainable foundries.

Practical Implications: Organizations could use this thesis as a point of reference to compare and reflect on their foundry operations. Since SMEs are targeted for facing challenges in the industry, practical implications could provide a recommendation for organizations and managers in the foundry industry to collaborate more efficiently with OEMs.

Theoretical Implications: This study contributes to the existing knowledge with a new perspective as the challenges connected to sustainability and circularity have been a gap for academia in the foundry industry.

Delimitations: This thesis delimitates within the supply chain of one SME and two OEMs in the Swedish foundry industry. The SME’s role in the supply chain is a supplier of casted components, while the OEMs are both a producer of castings and a customer of components. The areas within the supply chain studied are castings, materials, logistics, production, and sustainability & circularity.

Business Intelligence (BI) system facilitates informed and timely decision making incompetitive business environment. However, decision making can turn out to be highlychallenging if information delivered by BI system does not meet certain level of quality.Organization can benefit from provided information if they are correct, comprehensive,current, and accessible. The organizational members who use BI application to make decisionare best informants to verify the quality of delivered information. Additionally,the implementers of BI system are the one who must be aware of delivering high qualityof information and can explain the reason of failures if any. It is critical to inquire bothimplementers and users. Therefore, the factors that can affect the quality of informationwere studied through comprehensive literature review. Low quality of information maymake customers/ suppliers’ relationship worse, shrink the efficiency of the business performance,decrease the level of trust on BI, and eventually cause to lose the competitivenessin market place. This thesis is intended at investigating fundamental dimensionsthat hinder effective utilization of information in BI system and realizing how these dimensionscan affect the quality and outcome of decisions. Study with an exploratorypurpose was designed and conducted at a chain retail stores in Iran to gather empiricaldata from both group of BI users and implementers through focus group interview. Theresult of investigation shows the main BI system utilized to facilitate customer/ supplierrelationship management and store operation management. Business areas and activitiesinfluenced by the quality of information include, inventory management, customer loyalty,competitiveness, and supplier management. The information quality issues are encounteredmainly due to technical failures, lack of competent system developers, changesin business environment, inappropriate documentation during the system developmentlifecycle, and logical error in programming and designing algorithms. The time, effort,and resources spent on exploring and resolving problems regarding to the quality of informationhad a great influence on efficiency and effectiveness. Documentation duringsystem development life cycle is emphasized as a crucial factor that necessitates furtherstudy in documentation subject. The preliminary findings signify the importance of study to consider information quality in BI practice.

I ett samhälle som vårt ställs det höga krav på effektiv intern kommunikation. Avstånd ska inte längre vara ett problem för att informera och kommunicera med samtliga medarbetare inom ett företag. Den dagliga kommunikationen som tidigare förts öga mot öga ska nu ersättas av en likvärdig virtuell kommunikation.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka idealbilden av ett intranät utifrån medarbetarna inom John Bauer Organization som är ett utbildningsföretag med vuxen- och gymnasieutbildningar på ett trettiotal orter spridda över hela landet. Vilka funktioner efterfrågas av medarbetarna och bör all information och kommunikation ske via ett intranät? Vilka andra kanaler förutom intranät tycker medarbetarna bör finnas?

Fokusgrupper har valts som intervjumetod med medarbetare från John Bauer Organization. Sedan har en innehållsanalys gjorts för att få fram tendenser och åsikter bland medarbetarna.

Viktiga resultat som studien visar är att det bör finnas ett integrerat system där det endast behövs ett login för att komma åt samtliga program. Ökat inflytande över den egna intranätssidan efterfrågas också, där medarbetarna själv vill kunna välja den information de vill läsa.

Förutom ett intranät tyckte medarbetarna även att det bör finnas kontinuerliga nyhetsbrev från ledningen och administration. Dessutom utryckte medarbetarna sin åsikt om att det även bör finnas en personaltidning för att öka ”vi-känslan” inom John Bauer Organization. Samtliga intervjuade medarbetare tyckte även att det fysiska mötet var en viktig del för utbyte av idéer och förståelse bland medarbetarna.

Aim: This study examines the discursive construction of medical cannabis in Swedish newspapers, with the aim of understanding how the news media recontextualise the medical potential of cannabis.

Design: The study is centred on the concept of recontextualisation, which focuses on how discourses are reinterpreted and reshaped when moving from one context to another, with a special focus on recontextualisation in relation to the media. Methodologically, the study uses critical discourse analysis to qualitatively analyse 134 articles of different subgenres, published in four Swedish newspapers between 2015 and 2020.

Results: The study shows that medical cannabis is constructed around myriad topics and contexts, ranging from news that focuses on the medical potential of cannabis to articles where medical cannabis is mentioned in passing and constructed in a more abstract form. The media have difficulties retaining a conceptual boundary between medical and recreational cannabis. Moreover, the study shows that the medical potential of cannabis is discursively constructed using three different discourses: patient discourse, strong science discourse, and weak science discourse.

Conclusions: The study suggests that there is a widening of the debate on cannabis in the Swedish public sphere, giving more recognition to the potential medical use of cannabis. The media, however, show difficulties in refining discourses on medical cannabis, which results in an altering between constructions that are strongly connected to science, and those that are not.

This paper aims to clarify how public digital user interfaces discursively enable and constrain interaction between citizens and the welfare state, both digitally and offline, and the potential implications of these interfaces and interactions for older citizens. An analysis of four digital welfare user interfaces in Sweden shows that information gathering is at the core and their multimodal nature and personal language usage can foster a welcoming environment for citizens. Additionally, the study suggests that the design of these interfaces shapes the structuring of citizenship, as they not only demand specific actions from citizens to access the right information but also require knowledge about what to look for. Consequently, citizens bear the burden of work and responsibility, potentially contributing to the low use of online public services among older people and serving the renegotiation of welfare provision altogether. One way to mitigate this rigid structuring of citizenship is to offer offline interaction, a notion that is discursively promoted in some interfaces but pushed back in others. User interfaces that enable offline interaction may be beneficial for digitally vulnerable social groups, such as the older ones among citizens over 65. However, those interfaces that are predominantly rooted in a digital-only approach risk excluding such groups.

Denna studie undersöker hur svenska nyhetsmedier rekontextualiserar kunskapsläget om konstgräsets miljöpåverkan och hur de skapar expertis om detta. Syftet med detta är att utveckla förståelsen för mediernas roll som förmedlare och skapare av expertkunskap om miljöfrågor och miljörisker. Material från nio svenska nyhetsmedier studeras kvalitativt genom kritisk diskursanalys. Resultaten visar att en central utgångspunkt för medierna är att konstruera konstgräs som en miljörisk, speciellt gällande risken för spridning av mikroplaster i vattenmiljöer. Emellanåt främjas en alarmistisk diskurs om konstgräsets miljöpåverkan. Viktigt för konstruktionen av denna risk och för att förmedla expertkunskap i fråga är en rapport om källor till mikroplast där konstgräs rankas som den näst största mikroplastkällan. Medierna uppvisar svårigheter i att problematisera denna källa, vilket bland annat leder till att mediediskursen emellanåt slår fast konstgräsets negativa effekter på miljön, men också till konstruktioner av ovisshet. En viktig strategi, både för att konstruera konstgräs som miljörisk och för att säga emot en sådan diskurs, är att knyta argument till en vetenskaplig diskurs. Studien visar också att medierna har svårt att hantera kunskapsosäkerhet, vilken emellanåt blir en drivkraft i befästandet av konstgräset som miljörisk. Studien avslutas med en diskussion om hur journalistiska villkor och rådande tankemönster om miljön bidrar till att främja riskdiskurser framför ett helhetsperspektiv på miljön.

Denna studie har som mål att undersöka hur svenska nyhetsmedier gestaltar konstgräs som miljöfråga. Detta görs i syfte att dels öka kunskapen om hur medierna rapporterar om mikroplastrelaterade miljöfrågor, ett forskningsområde som är outforskat i både svensk och internationell kontext, dels bidra med kunskap om hur miljövinsterna med konstgräs (återvinning/cirkulär ekonomi) porträtteras gentemot de miljörisker som det ger upphov till (utsläpp av plast och gummi). Rapporteringen från 15 nyhetsmedier och ett totalurval om 250 artiklar publicerade under perioden 2014–2018 studeras genom kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten visar att konstgräs som miljöfråga förekommer sparsamt i svenska nyhetsmedier, men att rapporteringen har ökat från och med 2016. Från och med detta år börjar konstgräs att allt tydligare kopplas till spridning av plast och gummi i naturen, vilket också är det vanligaste miljöproblemet som konstgräs kopplas till överlag. Detta kan, mot bakgrund av den traditionella medielogikens främjande av risker, i sin tur förklara mediernas ökade intresse för konstgräs som miljöfråga. Miljövinster med konstgräs framkommer inte i normalfallet, vilket betyder att denna aspekt överskuggas av de miljöproblem och risker som finns med konstgräs. Däremot konstaterar ungefär var tredje artikel som fokuserar på konstgräs och miljön i huvudtemat någon form av vetenskaplig osäkerhet kring konstgräsets miljöpåverkan. Gestaltningen av konstgräs som miljöfråga är till viss del formad av samhällsdebatten kring spridningen av plast i naturen, vilket ger medierna tolkningsramar för att förstå frågan, samt gör frågan nyhetsvärdig i sig.

Denna studie intresserar sig för förhållandet mellan medierna och andra intressenter i kommunikationen av miljön, och centrerar kring medieringen av mikroplastutsläpp från konstgräsplaner. Med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer undersöks kommunikationsstrategierna hos centrala aktörer i medieringen av dessa miljöfrågor. Syftet är att bidra till teoretiseringen av hur kommunikationsstrategier och institutionella logiker hos olika intressenter möts och omförhandlas i den medierade kommunikationen om specifika miljöfrågor. Studien bygger på 14 intervjuer med totalt 15 journalister och redaktörer, myndighetsföreträdare, politiker, forskare och representanter för däckbranschen. En tematisk analys visar att konstgräsfrågan blir intressant för redaktioner på grund av konfliktytorna som kan exploateras i frågan, och osäkerheten som finns kring konstgräsets utsläpp av mikroplaster integreras i strategierna som styr det journalistiska hantverket. Studien visar också att kommunikationsstrategier som är i linje med den så kallade medielogiken möjliggör för intressenter att nå fram med sina perspektiv i medierna och vice versa. Detta mönster visar sig exempelvis i däckbranschens kommunikativa arbete i konstgräsfrågan. Studien visar också att Naturvårdsverket, som innehaft en nyckelroll i frågan om mikroplaster, har haft en ambivalent kommunikationsstrategi i denna fråga. Myndigheten både använder sig av och bortser från medielogiken. Studien diskuterar också riskerna med miljökommunikationens anpassning till medielogiken, där denna anpassning riskerar att bli ett problem ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv.

This paper examines the representation of the then president of Uruguay, José Mujica, in a long-read feature story published in the Saturday supplement of the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter. This is done with the aim of contributing to the understanding of how international journalism constructs distance and proximity in the reporting of distant subjects, and more specifically, how such constructions connect the Swedish audience to (or disconnect it from) political processes and relations in Latin America. In this way, the study contributes to the field of media representation in general, as well as to research on the representation of Latin America, more specifically. Critical discourse analysis is used to analyze the text and visuals. Three result topics are presented. The first comprises discourses that construct difference, such as those highlighting personal characteristics that make Mujica different from other presidents. The second centers on discourses that construct proximity between Mujica and the audience, such as those addressing sustainability and the connections between Sweden, Uruguay and Mujica. The third highlights discourses that distance or downplay difference and revolve around constructions about Mujica’s political past. The paper ends with a discussion of how this representation is able to construct Mujica as a close other without, in the process, abandoning key tenets of contemporary capitalist ideology.

This paper discusses news journalism about inequality from a critical point of view, with the aim of contributing to the critical theorization of the relationship between journalism and sustainability. Sustainability and journalism on social inequality are perceived as intersecting in at least two ways. On one level, journalism can serve sustainable development by providing high-quality content that can help citizens to better understand the causes behind social inequality and how it can be overcome. On another level, journalism would itself gain much from sustainable development on a global level, since that would provide a good ground for a high-quality journalism characterized by its professional and democratic ethics rather than one that is strained by market-logics. The paper focuses on reification and problematizes the ways in which social inequality is reified in news journalism. Basing the argumentation on examples from international journalism, it is argued that although the existence of social inequality in a specific country can be acknowledged in the reporting – for example by the reference to rich and poor people and rich and poor geographic spaces – the social, political and historical causes of this inequality remain abstracted. In this sense, reification provides a rather objectivist account on inequality, which in turn limits the critique of the mechanisms that lie behind it. On the long run such constructions serve the legitimation of social inequality, which indeed ought to be seen as a sustainability problem. The paper also argues that for a more sustainable journalism to take place, a shift in the attitude towards social inequality and sustainable development must take place in the broader sociocultural context that surrounds journalism.

This study analyzes the journalistic construction of the ongoing international renegotiation of cannabis, with the aim of contributing to the theorization of how journalism mediates between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic positions at times of crisis of hegemonic values. The study perceives the many ongoing attempts of legalizing and decriminalizing cannabis for recreational use as providing a disequilibrium to the hegemonic view of the substance as a dangerous narcotic that is rightly banned, and as intensifying a hegemonic struggle over the meaning of cannabis. Swedish print news journalism about cannabis legalization in different countries and contexts is studied, using critical discourse analysis. The analysis shows that journalism allows for debate between positive and skeptic discourses about the effects of recreational cannabis consumption and its medical benefits, and that voices that argue for cannabis legalization to combat organized crime are given important framing power. This means that a measure of legitimacy is given to discourses that counter the prohibitionist hegemony in Sweden, which means that mainstream journalism in this specific case serves as an arena for challenging hegemonic values that are in crisis.

In Sweden, the principle of “Digital First”, as proposed by the Agency for Digital Government, stipulates that contacts between citizens and public agencies ought to take place primarily via digital means. Following this principle, welfare provision has increasingly become an online practice, which does not only change the forms of welfare provision, but also, and significantly, demand specific resources and skills from the citizens. This development is important to highlight in relation to senior citizens (aged 65+), as research has made it clear how this is a heterogenic but also digitally vulnerable group. In a highly digitalized country as Sweden, about 10 percent of this group lack access of technical devices for using the internet and 15 percent state that they never use the Internet at all (Olsson & Viscovi, 2023). This paper focuses on Swedish digital user interfaces, with an aim of understanding how their semiotic composition in different ways demands responsibility of senior citizens. Theoretically, it centers on the concept of responsibilization (Koksvik, 2020) and on critical discussions on digital citizenship (Schou & Hjelholt, 2018). Empirically, the paper draws on a multimodal discourse analysis of Swedish digital welfare user interfaces, which explores how the interfaces, in their layout, use of different semiosis, language use and affordances, multimodally serve to shift responsibility from the welfare state to the citizen. The paper critically discusses the implication of this shift for senior citizens, as a digitally vulnerable group.

This study examines the reporting on legal cannabis in order to explore the operation of neoliberal ideology in journalistic discourse. Cannabis legalisation is here understood as a way for capitalism to create new market opportunities, besides being a turn away from the so-called ‘war on drugs’. The study understands neoliberalism as operating via market-based logics that are interrelated with other social logics, such as those pertaining to journalism (Phelan 2014). Critical discourse analysis is used for studying Swedish newspaper reporting on legal cannabis between 2013 and 2018. The study shows that a struggle between market-based logics and journalistic practices is visible, where journalism has difficulties in challenging core tenets of neoliberal ideology. The article concludes with a discussion of how the current conditions of journalism limit its ability to challenge neoliberal perspectives.

Despite that the notion of democracy has a central place in the Western self-image, and also in media studies, research that focuses on how democracy is ideologically loaded in journalistic content is still in its infancy. In recent times, democracy has been used with great enthusiasm by Western political leaders, while the meaning of democracy perhaps is more fuzzy than ever. In times of economic and political crisis, and of a weak Left in most European countries, it is important to examine how journalism constructs notions of democracy, and how such notions reflect specific political positions and interests. This study, which is theoretically rooted in ideology critique, and methodologically inspired by critical discourse analysis, examines how news journalism in the coverage of Venezuela and the Ukraine conflict constructs notions of democracy. The study is specially interested in exploring and discussing the ideological interconnections between imperialism and geopolitical interests, and the journalistic construction of democracy.

This study aims to explore the construction of difference in foreign news discourse on culturally similar but politically different non-Western subjects. Applying critical discourse analysis (CDA) together with a critique of Eurocentrism, the study examines difference in newspaper constructions of government supporters and oppositional groups in Venezuela. Discursive differences are evident in the strategies used for constructing the two groups with regard to political rationality and violence. Government supporters are associated with social justice, Venezuela’s poor, dogmatic behavior, and the use of political violence. The opposition, in contrast, is constructed as following a Western democratic rationale that stresses anti-authoritarianism. This group is primarily associated with victims of violence. While the opposition is conveyed as being compatible with Eurocentric values and practices, government supporters to great extent deviate from these norms. Such constructions serve to legitimize politico-ideological undercurrents of Eurocentrism, as the defense of liberalism.

We are witnessing the renegotiation of cannabis substances in many parts of the world. After being classified as narcotics and subjected to a worldwide ban for several decades, cannabis has now been legalized in Uruguay and in several US states, and decriminalized in some other countries. This paper aims to study how the ongoing renegotiation of cannabis, which involves the legalization of the substance in different parts of the world, is constructed in Swedish print news journalism. This is done with the purpose of understanding how news journalism in a context of a traditionally strong drug prohibition (de)legitimizes different positions and perspectives in the ongoing renegotiation of cannabis, and to what extent journalism in such a context offers challenges to the reigning prohibitionist hegemony. Although cannabis and the media has been researched extensively, very few studies have been conducted by media and communication or journalism scholars, and contributions have been placed mainly in areas as for example drug policy, drug use and misuse, and public health. The current study, in contrast, wishes to contribute to the critical study of drug journalism. The paper draws on critical theory, understanding the ongoing renegotiation of cannabis as bringing disequilibrium to the hegemonic view of cannabis as dangerous drug that needs to be banned. Journalism is perceived as playing a key role in this context, since journalism is an arena where different discourses on cannabis struggle for prominence. Journalism can in this sense serve the strengthening of counter-hegemonic discourses on cannabis or the reinforcement of the prohibitionist hegemony. The study uses critical discourse analysis as a method to study 49 print newspaper items. The results show that the studied media invites opposed discourses regarding the health risks and the medical benefits of cannabis to be part of the news pages, which creates a somewhat pluralistic view on cannabis. The study also finds that the construction of cannabis legalization as a means to combat organized crime is given significant framing power. These results suggest that the ongoing renegotiation of cannabis in different parts of the world invites Swedish journalism to broaden the debate on the substance and to provide certain legitimacy to positive discourses on cannabis that are otherwise considered deviant in the Swedish drug debate. This serves as an example of how changes in distant political contexts affect the ways in which journalism ascribes legitimacy to specific discourses on drugs.

As one of the leading countries when it comes to the access and use of ICTs (OECD, 2018), Sweden has also been on the forefront of the digitalization of government services. The Agency for Digital government, has launched the principal of Digital First, which means that digital encounters should, when relevant, be prioritized in the interaction between government agencies and citizens (Agency for digital government, 2023). At the same time, research has shown a divide in the diffusion and use of ICTs in Sweden, where increased age plays a negative role for access and literacy (Olsson et al, 2019). Against this backdrop, it is therefore important that the praxis of Digital First, thus the increased digitalization of the encounter between government and citizen, is inclusive also for the less digital savvy citizens, as some groups of elderly. This, in order for digitalization to enable rather than restrict citizenship.

The current study, which is part of a larger project on senior citizens’ encounter with the digital welfare system in Sweden, analyzes the affordances and constrains of government user interfaces. Using multimodal critical discourse analysis, the study focuses on how government agencies, through the semiotic elements of their online user interfaces, offer and limit engagement and interaction with citizens–both digitally and off-screen. Moreover, the analysis has the overall ambition to discern the explicit and latent characteristics that the user interfaces require the users to have. The user interfaces studied belong to the Swedish pensions agency, 1177 (the Swedish healthcare system’s official website), The municipality of Växjö, and the municipality of Älmhult.

The study discusses the affordances and constraint of the user interfaces in relation to digital citizenship (Schou & Hjelholt, 2018), a figure that is discursively construed by policy and the user interfaces themselves, but that is also materialized by the new forms of governance in advanced capitalist societies, where the slimming of government passes tasks to the citizen. The study argues that the naturalization of digital citizenship risks making senior citizens, an already vulnerable group, even more vulnerable, as the user interfaces require a certain level of digital literacy. Therefore, light needs to be shed on how user interfaces meet the needs of different groups of citizens, which in turn requires more empirical research on the actual encounters between citizens and government user interfaces.

This article addresses how class as a category of conflict and struggle is understood and shaped discursively in mainstream media today. We utilise a case study of how Swedish news media represents the long-lasting conflict in the Swedish labour market between the Swedish Dockworkers’ Union and the employer organisation, Sweden's Ports. Using critical discourse analysis, we show two ways in which class relations are recontextualised in three Swedish newspapers. One is through obscuring class and centring the conflict around business and nationalist discourses, which in the end legitimise a corporate perspective. The other, more marginalised, way is through the critique of class relations that appears in subjective discourse types. This handling of class, we argue, serves the reproduction of a post-political condition.

This study examines the construction of media literacy in a special issue on source criticism of the Swedish children's comic Bamse – Världens Starkaste Björn [Bamse – The World's Strongest Bear]. This is done with the purpose of understanding what values, perspectives, and practices are promoted when media literacy is communicated via children's edutainment media. Using narrative and discourse analysis, we problematise how notions of truth (such as post-truth) guide much of the discourse on digital media in today's post-political society, and how that and individualisation shape notions of media literacy. This is visible in the analysed case in how source criticism is constructed in relation to notions of truth and falsehood, and as moral lessons aimed at the individual media user. We argue that such an individualised, decontextualised, and depoliticised take on media literacy is problematic and an expression of neoliberalism and a middle-class gaze.

This study aims to contribute knowledge about how an environmental issue is discursively forged notwithstanding the prevalence of significant scientific uncertainty. This is done by studying the production of news about artificial turf as a microplastic pollutant in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 journalists and editors, public officials, politicians, industry representatives and experts, all involved in the issue of artificial turf. The study shows how media logic, among other factors, informs the interpretations of the uncertainties surrounding artificial turf as an environmental problem and concludes that the power of media logic needs to be considered also in the construction of other scientifically charged issues.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka utländska lärares upplevelse av professionella och kulturella utmaningar och möjligheter de möter som lärare i Sverige. För att besvara studiens syfte formulerades följande frågeställningar: 

●      Vilka professionella utmaningar och möjligheter möter utländska lärare i den svenska skolan? 

●      Vilka kulturella utmaningar och möjligheter möter utländska lärare i den svenska skolan? 

En kvalitativ forskningsmetod följdes där sju semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med verksamma legitimerade lärare som valdes genom kriteriebaserat urval. Studien indikerar att de största professionella utmaningarna för lärare är språkbarriärer, svårigheter att tolka styrdokument, hantering av digitala verktyg och diskriminering. För att tackla dessa utmaningar och åstadkomma en förändring krävs det mer ansträngning från lärarna. Att ha stöd från kollegor och delta i kollegialt lärande kan också hjälpa lärare att utveckla en bättre förståelse för det svenska skolsystemet. När det gäller de kulturella utmaningarna visar studien att lärarna behövde skapa en ny läraridentitet samt andra typer av relationer till elever än vad de brukade ha i hemlandet. Skapandet av sociala relationer utgör också en utmaning för lärarna i den svenska skolan. Trots detta, så påverkar det, att jobba som lärare i Sverige, lärarnas tänkesätt positivt och det skapar en ny förståelse av utbildning och lärande.  Studiens resultat stämmer väl överens med andra forskningsarbete och verk inom samma område.

Litteraturstudien belyser hur läsmotivationen är kopplad till elevers läsutveckling i årkurs F-3 inom ämnet svenska. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att bidra med kunskap om vad som enligt ett urval av tidigare forskning, har en bidragande betydelse för elevers läsmotivation i åldersgruppen 5 till 10 år. Frågeställningar som belyses är följande: Finns det ett samband mellan läsmotivation och läsförståelse? Vilka undervisningspraktiker är bidragande till elevers läsmotivation? Genom en kombination av närläsning och komparativ jämförelse av de vetenskapliga artiklarna identifierades relevant information för litteraturstudiens resultat. Med grund i de vetenskapliga artiklarna visar resultatet att det finns ett samband mellan läsmotivation och läsförståelse. Däremot visar inte resultatet om läsförståelse bidrar till läsmotivation eller om läsmotivation bidrar till läsförståelse. Vidare visar resultatet att differentierade undervisningspraktiker påverkar läsutvecklingen. Resultatet visar även hur lärarens attityd påverkar elevers läsmotivation.

Ultraljudsundersökningar av arteria carotis communis (CCA) utförs med ultraljud vid bedömning av kärlförändringar och flödeshastigheter (FH) samt utredning av sjukdomar i CCA. Lumendiameter (LD) i CCA är en markör för riskfaktorer som leder till stroke, hjärtinfarkt och ateroskleros. Syftet med den aktuella studien är att studera om det sker någon vasoaktiv förändring i CCA vid konsumtion av koffein hos unga vuxna. Det var 33 försökspersoner som delades upp i grupper beroende på deras koffeinkonsumtionsvanor och undersöktes med ultraljud. Försökspersonerna hade innan undersökning inte konsumerat koffein på 12 timmar. Undersökningen utfördes innan konsumtion av koffeindryck och 45 minuter efter koffeinkonsumtion. En signifikant skillnad efter konsumtion av koffein påvisades i lågkonsument gruppen (grupp 1) (p.0,06) och högkonsument gruppen (grupp 3) (p=0,05). En positiv korrelation mellan LD innan och efter konsumtion (r=0,955; p <0,01) samt FH innan och efter konsumtion (r=0,393; p <0,01) av koffein kunde påvisas.

Nyckelord: Carotisduplex, Kaffe, Vasoaktiv, CCA.

One of the major factors that affect economic growth is FDI - Forgein Direct Investment. BRICS is a newly formed trade bloc that includes 5 of the largest, most heavily populated, and most emerging economies in the world, their economies share various characteristics, yet they also have various differences. The purpose of the thesis is to find the determinants of FDI in this trade bloc. Those determinants were specifically chosen based on multiple accredited previous literature. In this thesis a panel data regression is performed for these 5 partners with data ranging from 1995 to 2018. The results of the thesis were both predicted and surprising, as two determinants were in accordance with the past literature, however the other two  determinants had other results, both of these variables had opposite signs compared to their predicted signs that were expected from the chosen previous literature. Our research tries to answer the question of how do these determinants affect FDI inflows, in order for countries to make strategies to attract it. 

Bakgrund: Lungcancer och malignt melanom är exempel på två sjukdomar som undersöks med dual-modaliteten positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Vid undersökning med PET/CT erhåller patienten både en stråldos från Flourine-18 (18F) märkt med 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) och från CT-modaliteten. Det finns strålningsrisker med undersökningen som kan uttrycka sig i form av stokastiska skador som exempelvis cancer. Syftet med studien var att jämföra stråldoserna mellan lungcancergruppen (misstänkt eller verifierad) och malignt melanomgruppen genom att beräkna den totala effektiva stråldosen samt redovisa riskerna med PET/CT-undersökningen. Material och metod: Materialet omfattades av parametrar gällande undersökningen och urvalet bestod av 20 patienter från lungcancergruppen respektive malignt melanomgruppen som hämtades från Nuklearmedicin, Länssjukhuset Ryhov, Jönköping. En retrospektiv metod med kvantitativ ansats användes för genomförandet av studien. Resultat: En signifikant skillnad (p <0,001) mellan sjukdomsgrupperna förekom där lungcancergruppen erhöll 11,95 milliSievert (mSv) och malignt melanomgruppen 6,03 mSv och den procentuella riskökningen av letal cancer var 0,06 % respektive 0,03 %. Slutsatser: Lungcancergruppen erhöll en dubbelt så hög effektiv dos som malignt melanomgruppen. Den effektiva dosen är dock så låg att riskökningen av letal cancer är marginell och nyttan med undersökningen överväger riskerna.