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  • 1.
    Agahi, Neda
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Lennartsson, Carin
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Karolinska Institutet.
    Shaw, Benjamin A.
    School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
    Trajectories of social activities from middle age to old age and late-life disability: a 36-year follow-up2013Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 42, nr 6, s. 790-793Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: to examine the association between 34-year trajectories of social activity, from middle age to old age and late-life disability.

    METHODS: data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) and the Swedish Panel Study of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) were used. LNU data from 1968, 1981, 1991 and 2000 were merged with SWEOLD data from 1992, 2002 and 2004 to create a longitudinal data set with five observation periods. Trajectories of social activities covered 1968-2002, and late-life disability was measured in 2004. The sample consisted of 729 individuals aged 33-61 at baseline (1968), who participated in at least four observation periods and who were free from mobility limitations at baseline. Four trajectories of social activity were identified and used as predictors of late-life disability.

    RESULTS: reporting low/medium levels of social activity from mid-life to old age was the most common trajectory group. Persons reporting continuously low/medium or decreasing levels of social activity had higher odds ratios for late-life disability (OR = 2.33 and OR = 2.15, respectively) compared with those having continuously high levels of activity, even when adjusting for age, sex and mobility limitations, and excluding persons with baseline mobility limitations.

    CONCLUSIONS: results suggest that the disability risk associated with social activities is related to recent levels of activity, but also that risk may accumulate over time, as indicated by the higher disability risk associated with the continuously low/medium level social activity trajectory.

  • 2.
    Bai, Ge
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Szwajda, Agnieszka
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Wang, Yunzhang
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Li, Xia
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Bower, Hannah
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Solna, Clin Epidemiol Div, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Karlsson, Ida K.
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johansson, Boo
    Univ Gothenburg, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AgeCap, Dept Psychol, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Aslan, Anna K. Dahl
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.;Univ Skovde, Sch Hlth Sci, Skovde, Sweden..
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hagg, Sara
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Jylhava, Juulia
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Frailty trajectories in three longitudinal studies of aging: Is the level or the rate of change more predictive of mortality?2021Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 50, nr 6, s. 2174-2182Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: frailty shows an upward trajectory with age, and higher levels increase the risk of mortality. However, it is less known whether the shape of frailty trajectories differs by age at death or whether the rate of change in frailty is associated with mortality. Objectives: to assess population frailty trajectories by age at death and to analyse whether the current level of the frailty index (FI) i.e. the most recent measurement or the person-specific rate of change is more predictive of mortality. Methods: 3,689 individuals from three population-based cohorts with up to 15 repeated measurements of the Rockwood frailty index were analysed. The FI trajectories were assessed by stratifying the sample into four age-at-death groups: <70, 70-80, 80-90 and >90 years. Generalised survival models were used in the survival analysis. Results: the FI trajectories by age at death showed that those who died at <70 years had a steadily increasing trajectory throughout the 40 years before death, whereas those who died at the oldest ages only accrued deficits from age similar to 75 onwards. Higher level of FI was independently associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.47-1.91), whereas the rate of change was no longer significant after accounting for the current FI level. The effect of the FI level did not weaken with time elapsed since the last measurement. Conclusions: Frailty trajectories differ as a function of age-at-death category. The current level of FI is a stronger marker for risk stratification than the rate of change.

  • 3.
    Berg, Stig
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Svensson, Torbjörn
    An orientation scale for geriatric patients1980Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 9, nr 4, s. 215-219Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 4.
    Dahl, Anna K.
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Hassing, Linda B.
    Fransson, Eleonor I.
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin.
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    Agreement between self-reported and measured height, weight and body mass index in old age: a longitudinal study with 20 years of follow-up2010Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 39, nr 4, s. 445-451Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: self-reported body mass index (BMI) based on self-reported height and weight is a widely used measure of adiposity in epidemiological research. Knowledge about the accuracy of these measures in late life is scarce.

    Objective: the study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and changes in accuracy of self-reported height, weight and BMI calculated from self-reported height and weight in late life.

    Design: a longitudinal population-based study with five times of follow-up was conducted.

    Participants: seven hundred seventy-four community-living men and women, aged 40–88 at baseline (mean age 63.9), included in The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging.

    Methods: participants self-reported their height and weight in a questionnaire, and height and weight were measured by experienced research nurses at an in-person testing five times during a 20-year period. BMI was calculated as weight (kilogramme)/height (metre)2.

    Results: latent growth curve modelling showed an increase in the mean difference between self-reported and measured values over time for height (0.038 cm/year) and BMI (0.016 kg/m2/year), but not for weight.

    Conclusions: there is a very small increase in the mean difference between self-reported and measured BMI with ageing, which probably would not affect the results when self-reported BMI is used as a continuous variable in longitudinal studies.

  • 5.
    Dahl Aslan, Anna K.
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Starr, John M.
    Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh.
    Pattie, Alison
    Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh.
    Deary, Ian
    Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh.
    Cognitive consequences of overweight and obesity in the ninth decade of life?2015Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 44, nr 1, s. 59-65Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: the association between late-life obesity and late-life cognitive abilities is poorly understood. We studied the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive change in longitudinal population-based study spanning over the ninth decade of life.

    SUBJECTS/METHODS: in total, 475 participants free of dementia at baseline from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 (mean age: 79.1 years, SD: 0.6) were included. Height and weight were assessed at baseline. BMI was calculated as kg/m(2). Cognitive abilities were assessed at age ∼11 years and at age ∼79, ∼83, ∼87 and ∼90 years.

    RESULTS: latent growth models showed that men being overweight and obese had a 0.65 (SD: 0.3) and 1.10 (SD: 0.5) points less steep decline in general cognitive ability (as measured by the Moray House Test) for each year than people of normal weight. These associations were to some extent confounded by childhood intelligence. No other association between BMI and cognition was significant, either for men or women. People who were obese in old age had significantly lower childhood intelligence (m = 43.6, SD: 1.3) than people who were normal in weight (m = 47.0, SD: 0.8) and persons being overweight (m = 47.5, SD: 0.8), F (472, 3) = 3.2, P = 0.043.

    CONCLUSIONS: the current study shows weak or no evidence for an association between BMI in old age and cognitive function, especially not when childhood intelligence is controlled for. Lower intelligence at the age of 11 years predicted obesity at the age of 79 years.

  • 6.
    Garcia-Ptacek, Sara
    et al.
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Modéer, Ingrid Nilsson
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Farahmand, Bahman
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Religa, Dorota
    Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksdotter, Maria
    Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Differences in diagnostic process, treatment and social support for Alzheimer's dementia between primary and specialist care: results from the Swedish Dementia Registry2017Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 46, nr 2, s. 314-319Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) has shifted the burden of management towards primary care (PC). Our aim is to compare diagnostic process and management of AD in PC and specialist care (SC).

    DESIGN: cross-sectional study.

    SUBJECTS: a total of, 9,625 patients diagnosed with AD registered 2011-14 in SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry.

    METHODS: descriptive statistics are shown. Odds ratios are presented for test performance and treatment in PC compared to SC, adjusted for age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and number of medication.

    RESULTS: a total of, 5,734 (60%) AD patients from SC and 3,891 (40%) from PC. In both, 64% of patients were women. PC patients were older (mean age 81 vs. 76; P < 0.001), had lower MMSE (median 21 vs. 22; P < 0.001) and more likely to receive home care (31% vs. 20%; P < 0.001) or day care (5% vs. 3%; P < 0.001). Fewer diagnostic tests were performed in PC and diagnostic time was shorter. Basic testing was less likely to be complete in PC. The greatest differences were found for neuroimaging (82% in PC vs. 98% in SC) and clock tests (84% vs. 93%). These differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for MMSE and demographic characteristics. PC patients received less antipsychotic medication and more anxiolytics and hypnotics, but there were no significant differences in use of cholinesterase inhibitors between PC and SC.

    CONCLUSION: primary and specialist AD patients differ in background characteristics, and this can influence diagnostic work-up and treatment. PC excels in restriction of antipsychotic use. Use of head CT and clock test in PC are areas for improvement in Sweden.

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  • 7. Hassing, Linda B
    et al.
    Hofer, Scott M
    Nilsson, Sven
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Berg, Stig
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Pedersen, Nancy L
    McClearn, Gerald
    Johansson, Boo
    Comorbid Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Exacerbates Cognitive Decline: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study2004Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 33, nr 4, s. 355-361Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 8.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Linkoping University Hospital.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University.
    Broström, Anders
    Linkoping University Hospital.
    Clinical characteristics and mortality risk in relation to obstructive and central sleep apnoea in community-dwelling elderly individuals: a 7-year follow-up2012Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 41, nr 4, s. 468-474Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: little is known about demographic and clinical characteristics associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) or central sleep apnoea (CSA) in community-dwelling elderly. We also examined these (OSA and CSA) associations to all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality.

    METHODS: a total of 331 community-dwelling elderly aged 71-87 years underwent a clinical examination and one-night polygraphic recordings in their homes. Mortality data were collected after seven years.

    RESULTS: a total of 55% had SDB, 38% had OSA and 17% had CSA. Compared with those with no SDB and OSA, more participants with CSA had a left ventricular ejection fraction <50% (LVEF <50%) ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/stroke. There was no difference in the rate of IHD and TIA/stroke between OSA and no SDB, but more LVEF <50% was found in those with OSA. CSA significantly increased the risk for all-cause (P=0.002) and CV mortality (P=0.018) by more than two times. After adjustments for CV disease, diabetes and the biomarker NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide CSA associations to all-cause mortality and CV mortality lost significance.

    CONCLUSION: OSA, in persons >75 years does not appear to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) disease or mortality, whereas CSA might be a pathological marker of CVD and impaired systolic function associated with higher mortality.

  • 9.
    Ma, Christina Zong-Hao
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Ortopedteknisk plattform. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
    Chung, Alan Kai-Lun
    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
    Ling, Yan To
    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
    Huang, Zi-Hao
    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
    Cheng, Connie Lok-Kan
    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
    Zheng, Yong-Ping
    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
    A Newly-Developed Smart Insole System with Instant Reminder: Paves the Way towards Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Improve Balance and Prevent Falls2019Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 48, nr Issue Supplement_4, s. iv28-iv33, artikel-id 121Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Falls in senior people have high incidence& lead to severe injuries [1]. Application of smart wearable systems (with sensors to monitor user’s balance and corresponding instant reminder to let tusers adjust posture/motion) can effectively improve static standing balance [2], reduce reaction time and body sway in response to balance perturbation [3], improve walking pattern [4], and reduce the risk of falls [5, 6]. However, previous systems have not considered the daily monitor of user’s balance and falling risks, and the personalized reminder. Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics have been widely used to monitor the daily physical activity [7], while few studies have utilized them to improve balance/gait and prevent falls.

    Methods

    This study has optimized previous devices by integrating AI technology and developed a new smart insole system. The system consisted of insoles with embedded sensors that can capture the foot motion and plantar pressure, smart watch that connected with insoles wirelessly and then transmitted the foot motion and force data to Cloud server via Wi-Fi, central Cloud server for big data transmission and storage, workstation for big data analytics and machine learning, and user interface for data visualization (e.g. smartphone, tablet, and/or laptop).

    Results & Discussion

    The system transmission rate was up to 30 Hz. The collected big data contained all sensor signals captured before and after delivering reminder, and from day-to-day monitoring of users. The customized reminder varied in the type, frequency, magnitude, and amount/dosage. This AI smart insole system enabled the monitor of daily balance and falling risks and the provision of timely-updated and customized reminder to users, which could potentially reduce the risk of falls and slips. It can also act as a balance-training device.

  • 10.
    Sternäng, Ola
    et al.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Reynolds, Chandra A.
    University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
    Finkel, Deborah
    Department of Psychology, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, IN, USA.
    Ernsth-Bravell, Marie
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dahl Aslan, Anna K.
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi.
    Factors associated with grip strength decline in older adults2014Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 44, nr 2, s. 269-274Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: few studies have examined associations of multi-faceted demographic, health and lifestyle factors with longterm change in grip strength performance across the adult lifespan. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of risk factors in specific parts of the adult lifespan (e.g. in early midlife, in late midlife and in old adulthood) separately for women and men.

    Methods: data came from the longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). Grip strength performance was followed in 849 participants who were 5088 years of age at baseline. The follow-up period with seven waves of data of grip strength was 22 years, and the risk factors were measured up to 20 years before the assessment of grip strength. Latent growth modelling was used for the longitudinal analyses.

    Results: a gender difference in the type of factors associated with grip strength performance and development across the adult lifespan was found. Significant factors for the age slopes for women were stress, smoking and dementia. For men, marital status, mean arterial pressure, physical activity at work and having a chronic disorder were of importance. These factors varied in their associations with grip strength across the adult lifespan.

    Conclusion: factors measured earlier in adulthood were associated with grip strength decline in late midlife and old adulthood. Gender-specific patterns of risk factors suggest that it may be worthwhile to conduct research on grip and muscle strength (and biological vitality) separately for men and women.

  • 11.
    Sundström, Gerdt
    Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. Åldrande - livsvillkor och hälsa.
    Ageing is riskier than it looks (Commentary).1995Ingår i: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 24, nr 5, s. 373-374Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
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