Syftet med den här undersökningen är att ta reda på hur lärare använder sig av läsprojekt och litteratur i sin undervisning i grundskolans senare år. Frågeställningarna som är utgångspunkt för studien är:-Hur argumenterar lärare för användningen av litteratur i grundskolans senare år?-Vilka likheter eller skillnader mellan lärares användning av litteratur och läsprojekt finns i olika skolor?-Vilken effekt har läsprojekten, enligt lärarna, haft på eleverna?

Undersökningen innefattar 3 stycken intervjuer gjorda med fyra lärare och en bibliotekarie på skolor i Jönköpings kommun. Lärarna har svarat på frågor rörande arbetsmetoder, målbeskrivning, litteraturval och effekter rörande de läsprojekt de arbetat med. Alla lärare arbetar på liknande sätt med litteraturen i sina läsprojekt och har mål som liknar varandra. Det som mest skiljer sig åt mellan lärarna är bakgrunden till att de startat läsprojekt. Det finns olika faktorer som påverkat lärarna till att starta projekten. En av lärarna hade startat sitt projekt på grund av att hennes elever hade dåligt självförtroende och dåliga resultat i svenskan. En annan för att hon tyckte det skulle vara kul att samarbeta med någon med ett litteraturintresse. En skola hade sedan en längre tid haft läsprojektet som ett stående moment i undervisningen. Studien visar att effekterna av läsprojekten var något lärarna inte reflekterat närmare över. En av lärarna hade dock sett en skillnad i elevernas beteende och självförtroende i klassrummet. Effekterna av ett läsprojekt är dock något som kan vara svårt att mäta.

The following thesis is written by students at the School of Engineering at Jönköping University, informatics, New Media Design. The background of this report is based on a project collaboration with Toxic Interactive solutions AB, who wanted help with creating an application for registering sick leave from work. Since these registrations for sick leave affects the income and work relations, the aspect trust within an application was chosen as a subject for the report. Furthermore we connected this to the feedback element to see how trust was affected by this factor. Also the design and tonality of the feedback was chosen as a subject for the study. Visual feedback connects to the user with information about their actions and a confirmation.

Based on this, two questions were formed:

[1] How does visual feedback affect trust in a mobile application? [2] Does the the tonality in the feedback affect trust for a mobile application?

To answer these questions, user tests and interviews was performed with the users. Three prototypes were created with different levels of feedback: no feedback, feedback with formal tonality and feedback with informal tonality. These were tested on nine users for each prototype (27 users in total). Parallelly two interviews with experts of the area were performed for a deeper knowledge and comparability. Other than this relevant studies and theories have been studied.

The results of this study show that feedback contributes to increased trustworthiness amongst users. Although there are many other reasons that will have an affect. A formal tonality in the feedback is perceived as slightly more trustworthy according to the user tests and user interviews conducted. An insight about the connection between the tonality and target groups and subjective preferences was revealed from the expert interviews. Also, theories studied about the formality of the language mentions that it should be adapted to the specific target group.

The conclusions that can be made from the study shows that trust, feedback and tonality are all connected. all the results show that feedback in a system has a positive effect on the user experience. Feedback also means more trust from a user than when its absent.

Background: The Covid-19 crisis has caused limitations that have led to some serious economic consequences around the world. The crisis that is still ongoing has created a complex situation for most economic actors. Every firm has been affected by the crisis in one way or another including family firms, that play a vital role in the global economy. The majority of family firms are family small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), that occupy an enormous proportion of the economy. Considering the evident role of family SMEs, the crisis situation calls with urgency to investigate strategic measures that family SMEs apply in order to survive. Different from all other countries, the Swedish government has implemented the most unorthodox and relaxed restrictions in the world. This created a unique business environment for Swedish firms to operate in. Family SMEs generate 60 percent of value to the non-financial economy, and 65 percent of employment in Sweden. The crucial economical role of family SMEs in Sweden in combination with the unique restrictions, has triggered the urgency to investigate the strategic measures that Swedish family SMEs apply to adapt.

Purpose & method: This study aimed to find an answer to the question of what strategic measures are applied by Swedish family SMEs in order to cope with the Covid-19 crisis. This study was executed by conducting qualitative research. 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 Swedish family SMEs from the construction, design, building, manufacturing, education and sports industries. The collected data was then sorted and analyzed systematically to generate knowledge, and draw upon conclusions that answer the research question of the study.

Conclusions: The findings showed that Swedish family SMEs use a different set of strategic measures in order to cope with the crisis. This study identified five strategic measure combinations which are: three cases of persevering + innovation, 1 case of retrenchment + innovation, 1 case of retrenchment + persevering, one case of retrenchment + persevering + innovation, and one case of pure persevering. It was found that the use of the strategic measures depends on five decisive factors namely, the impact of the crisis on the firms, the industry of the firms, the unique governmental restrictions, the preparedness of the firms for crisis and the development of the strategic measures through time. One interesting result was that all the firms in the sample have benefited financially from the crisis in the long-run, despite the challenges regarding supply chain disruptions.

In today's dynamic business environment, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved from a moral obligation to a strategic imperative for organizations striving to thrive in competitive markets. Acknowledging employees as the linchpin of organizational success, this thesis investigates the effective integration of CSR principles into employee training programs to enhance commercial advantage. By amalgamating insights from neuroscience, business studies, and pedagogy, the study formulates actionable recommendations for organizations seeking to leverage CSR initiatives through employee training and engagement. Adopting a multidisciplinary literature review methodology, the thesis explores the intersectionality of neuroscience, business, and pedagogy to elucidate the interplay of these fields in driving organizational success. Theoretical frameworks encompassing pedagogical theories, neuroscience insights, and strategic implications of CSR are presented, paving the way for practical recommendations tailored to optimize employee training programs. The conclusion underscores the synergistic relationship between pedagogy, neuroscience, and CSR in fostering organizational sustainability and competitive advantage, while suggesting avenues for future research in this critical domain.

Ibland gör tiden att de kända blir okända och de okända blir kända. Vilka historiska gestalter vi minns och hur vi använder oss av dem är ingen slump.

Hon var bara 5 år vid olyckan, men blev 99 år gammal och dog i maj 2006.  Hon blev genom tiden och med sin höga ålder, känd som den sista överlevande och som fortfarande minns katastrofen.En katastrof som innebar att hon förlorade sin pappa Carl, sina bröder Oskar och Clarence och sin tvillingbror Felix. 

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad som motiverar elever till att läsa samt vad det är som eleverna läser när de gör detta frivilligt. Studien ämnar bidra med kunskap om hur läraren kan anpassa sin läsundervisning för att elevers läsmotivation ska bibehållas under hela skolgången.

Forskningsfrågorna som ställs utifrån syftet är: Vad är det som eleverna egentligen läser? Vad motiverar elever till läsning? Hur kan läraren arbeta för att eleverna ska bibehålla läsintresset?

I studien har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod använts i form av halvstrukturerade intervjuer för att undersöka åtta elevers uppfattning om läsning. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med fokus på elevernas tankar och upplevelser kring läsning.

Resultatet visar att   eleverna uppfattar läsningen som avkopplande aktivitet och det som har stor betydelse för deras läsmotivationen är bokens innehåll. Dessutom visar resultatet att eleverna läser mycket annat än böcker och samtliga utrycker att de kan tänka sig att läsa fler böcker än vad de redan gör. Till sist visar resultatet att elever önskar mer tid avsatt till läsning i skolan och fler böcker som ligger nära deras egna intressen.    

Syfte: Många aktörer har möjligheter att påverka hur gatans rum och ljusmiljö upplevs. Med möjligheten följer också ett ansvar att skapa en god och sammanhängande miljö som är lätt att röra sig i, inte minst på de platser där stadsrummet i sig är ett besöksmål. Målet med studien är således att öka kunskapsläget kring hur belysning i skyltfönster kan påverka gatans upplevda ljusmiljö och rumsuppfattningen samt att identifiera potentiella för- och nackdelar med belysta och släckta skyltfönster.

Metod: I fallstudier utförda på plats i Stockholm samlades fysikaliska mätvärden in i form av luminansberäkningar och fältmätningar samt genom perceptiva analyser. För att undersöka upplevelsen utfördes tre analyser i kombination, Arne Branzells rumsanalys, Gordon Cullens ”Serial vision” och PERCIAL analys.

Resultat: Skyltfönsterbelysning visade sig ha en påverkan på den upplevda ljusmiljön. Resultaten indikerar på att stora skyltfönster med jämn ljusnivå utan stora kontrastförhållanden förbättrade ljusmiljön. Likväl orsakade bländning en försämrad upplevd ljusmiljö. Helt släckta skyltfönster påverkade ljusmiljön negativt och rummet upplevdes även smalare. Vidare visar resultaten även att skyltfönsterbelysning ökar upplevd rumshöjd på motsatt sida av gatan då ljusnivån ökar.

Konsekvenser: Studien resulterar i ett antal hypoteser om skyltfönsterbelysning i historiska gatumiljöer. Resultaten indikerar att skyltfönsterbelysning påverkar både rummet och ljusmiljöns upplevelse. Förmågan att orientera sig upplevdes bland annat bättre då skyltfönster var tända. Gatans upplevdes bredare vid tända skyltfönster respektive smalare vid nedsläckta. Storleken på skylfönster visades också vara en faktor i hur stor påverkan dess ljus hade på gatans ljusmiljö. Slutligen visar studien tydligt att bländning från skyltfönsterbelysning bör undvikas på grund av en negativ påverkan av individers uppfattning av miljön. Förbättrad kunskapsutveckling och samordning hos samtliga av stadens aktörer som belyser stadsrummet rekommenderas för att öka kvalitén den övergripande ljusmiljön för Västerlånggatan i Stockholm.

Begränsningar: I studien har enbart ett område undersökts med ett antal unika egenskaper. Slutsatserna som dras är inte direkt generaliserbara för alla gatumiljöer. I stället har ett antal hypoteser presenterats som kan vara viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid belysningsplanering i miljöer där gatubelysning förekommer.

Sápmi is a geographical area that runs across the Kola Peninsula in Russia to northern Finland, Norway and Sweden. All Sami languages have been going through a rapid language change process and many of the traditional language domains have disappeared during the last decades due to previous national and local language policies. Nevertheless, recent growth of positive attitudes towards Sami languages and culture both within and outside the Sami group has given new momentum to the language revitalisation process. At the same time, English is becoming more present in the Sami context through tourism, media and popular culture. This study investigates 15-year-old writers' meaning-making in three languages they meet on a daily basis: North Sami, the majority language Finnish/Norwegian/Swedish and English. Data were collected in schools where writers wrote two texts in each language, one argumentative and one descriptive. Using a functional approach, we analyse how three writers make meaning across three languages and two genres. Results show that writers made use of similar ways of expressing meaning on the three levels we investigated: ideational, interpersonal and textual, but also how the production differed between the texts, and how context and content interacted with writers’ meaning-making in the three languages.

Following the digital revolution in education, Swedish universities increasingly give students the option to study online. For students, web-based alternatives offer freedom to choose from a larger selection of courses and give them a chance to participate regardless of location. Universities are also able to present themselves to a larger student base than what is provided by the immediate geographical environment.

One implication of the digital revolution is the increasing number of students, which places demands on universities and teachers to deal with a larger diversity concerning students’ individual prerequisites, needs, and their expectations.

In order to improve the quality and guarantee the validity of examinations in web-based courses, it is crucial to identify the pedagogical challenges specific to online teaching and learning. The aim of this study is to present and problematize a number of pedagogical strategies concerning assessment and examination, thereby contributing to the awareness of pedagogical challenges prevalent in web-based examination and education.

The method of the project is a case study with empirical data gathered from three literary web-based courses, “The Vampire Story from Dracula to Twilight” (7.5 credits), “Popularizing the Classics: From Elizabeth Bennet and Alice to Bridget Jones and Neo” (7.5 credits) and “Gender, Literature and Media” (7.5 credits), with a total of approximately 750 participants given at Luleå University of Technology in 2010, 2011 and 2013. The empirical material encompasses the course material with particular focus on examination assignments, statistics concerning completion rates, student course evaluations, both qualitative and quantitative, as well as teachers’ reflections.

The results show that there are three elements that are particularly significant when developing and teaching web-based university courses. First, the teacher’s subject knowledge, pedagogical skills and ICT competences contribute to a successful teaching and learning process. These factors help create a progressive development towards more complex and less subjective assignments. Second, the choice of teaching methods and examination strategies is imperative in order to create an interactive learning environment and a collective identity both of which are significant contributing factors to maintain a low student drop out rate in online courses. Third, it is fruitful to construct a wide range of examination assignments (for example quiz, blog, reflection, wiki and analytical essay). This will create the most varied and “secure” examination environment possible and ensure that one learning process is not favoured over another.

Autism often makes children struggle to interact with peers, including initiating, responding, and maintaining social interactions in social settings. They may frequently miss opportunities to engage with peers; they get alienated and tend to appear outside peer activities, restricting opportunities for developing relationships. The time that a child spends in preschool and with peers is crucial for their social skills to develop. Over time, their peers will have a more significant influence on them. This systematic literature review aimed to describe the preschool-based intervention for children with Autism to increase their peer interaction. The search was conducted using three databases (ERIC, PsycINFO, and Web of Science), and seven studies were then selected that met predefined inclusion criteria. The current review includes different interventions such as Peer-mediated intervention, preferred Activities with Peer Support, iPod Touch™, Technology as Communication Devices, and Peer-Mediated LEGO® Play intervention. The seven selected articles conducted an intervention to improve peer interaction of children with Autism. The majority of the reviewed studies found that peer interaction interventions improved the social interaction of children with Autism.  As the limitation of the study, the lack of research focusing on preschool-based children with autism spectrum disorders and the interventions available to them were highlighted.

Föreliggande intervjustudie syftar till att undersöka samtalets roll och dess innebörd för undervisningen inom grundskolans F-3. Syftet är att bidra med kunskap om kommunikation och interaktion i klassrummet. Detta syfte besvaras genom följande frågeställningar: Hur beskriver och uppfattar grundlärare i F-3 samtal och dess roll? Hur menar grundlärare i F-3 att samtal kan användas i undervisningen för att främja elevers lärande? Det teoretiska ramverket för studien grundas i forskningsområde kring samtal, sociokulturellt perspektiv och samtal kopplat till identitet. Detta teoretiska utgångssätt nyttjas sedan för att analysera det insamlade materialet samt diskutera studiens resultat. Materialet samlades in genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Resultatet tyder på att det finns en stor spridning kring begreppet samtal hos lärare och att det inte finns en explicit definition på begreppet. Samt att lärares individuella kunskaper kan variera och att rådande styrdokument inte tillger tillräckligt med vägledning för att kunna tolka begreppet generellt. Det framkommer inte som en överraskning att lärare uppfattar samtal som en viktig del av dagens undervisning men att det kan finnas en brist på tillgängligt material som kan användas för att utgöra grunden för kunskaper och metoder som i sin tur kan användas i verksamheten.

The purpose of this study is to analyze Swedish hedge funds in terms of pursued investment strategies, risks and returns.

The study deals with a large number of quantitative data and delimitations were used to obtain a sample that better fulfills the purpose of this paper. The time frame chosen for increas-ing validity and reliability was almost four years. Furthermore, the study uses secondary data due to difficulties and costs as-sociated with obtaining primary data though this is not consi-dered as lowering the quality of the study.

The theory section starts by presenting the differences between hedge funds and mutual funds and then focusing on different hedge fund strategies, risks associated with hedge funds and fi-nally risk and return measurements. This section provides an overview for the empirical findings and analysis.

In the empirical findings and analysis, statistical calculations of and Analysis the risk measurements standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, track-ing error and correlation are conducted for the sample. The re-sults are related to the hedge funds strategies. Later on the strategies are weighted against each other. Finally, all strategies are compared to OMXS to find the investors‟ most appropriate investment structure.

After categorizing the different hedge funds with respect to pursued strategies, the result shows how there are clear dispari-ties in risk and returns for the different strategies. We found indications of a significant relationship between high return and high risk as well as between low return and low risk.

Studien undersöker flerspråkiga föräldrars erfarenheter av upplevt socialt stöd i föräldrarollen till ett barn med kommunikationsnedsättningar. Forskningsfrågorna berör även vilken betydelse stödet får för kontakten med barnet. Metoden som använts är en sekventiell mixad metod (enkätundersökning och fokusgruppsintervjuer) som utgår från en transformativ strategi. Studiens vetenskapsteoretiska ansats grundar sig i Benno Herzogs teori om social diskursiv exkludering och analysen utgår från Barreras samt Hellers och Swindles grundantaganden om upplevt socialt stöd. Respondenterna deltog i utbildningarna TAKK på Modersmålet och FAMN som anordnades av Projekt TAKK för Språket i Göteborg. Resultaten visar att föräldrarna i studien upplevde socialt stöd utifrån att utbildningarna anpassades och erbjöd: språkstöd på modersmålet, samtal kring användning av alternativ och kompletterade kommunikation (AKK) tillsammans med modersmålet samt samtal om funktionsnedsättningar och samhällstöd. Därutöver visar resultaten att föräldrarna, genom dessa anpassningar, upplever en ökad förståelse för stöddiskursen och stärkt självförtroende. Detta, i sin tur, leder till att föräldrarna upplever större handlingsutrymme i stressrelaterade situationer och en ökad benägenhet att söka och ta emot stöd. 

This study examines User Experience on in-app Facebook features. Facebook is the SNS with the most users worldwide and is well known for its ability to connect people to one another. Using data from interviews and a usability test on two target groups of different ages, we determine if there is a difference in user preferences and opinions on the Facebook mobile application. This study's goal is to help further development of social network services and overall user experience in social media in the future.

This research analyzes the effectiveness of design elements like picture, text and color in aesthetic products advertisement; it compares advertisements in the two countries of Iran and Sweden. Dependent variables in this research are the opinion of Iranian and Swedish consumers and Independent variables are pictures (model, endorser, endorser age, endorser nationality and appeal), color (colorful and black &white) and text (typeface and text concept). Based on the causal research design, I analyze how a change in the design elements affects the opinion of consumers in Iran and Sweden about the ad. This research emphasizes on three kinds of aesthetic Products including: jewelry, make up and clothing. The reason to choose the aesthetic products is because of their uniqueness comparing to other products which are to satisfy the psychological needs of the consumers. The Media that is analyzed here is visual advertisings like magazine, newspaper, billboards and posters.

Theoretical investigation was the data collection through secondary data; it was the library study, reading 151 articles and books related to the subject of this research; the primary data collection was through my own experience of cultural differences and also interview with advertisers in both countries and the finally the experiment targeted to the consumers. To do the experiment, a number of 200 females between 20-30 (100 Swedish and 100 Iranian) are chosen and they are asked to choose the ad which mostly attracts their attention. Ads are wisely chosen and each of them analyzes the change in one of the design elements and its effectiveness in attracting the attention of the consumers. This research is started with the purpose of the research and the research problem, then I bring the theoretical insights, the research questions and their relevant hypothesis; finally I bring the methodology, the experiment and the interviews and in the end, I do a qualitative analysis of the results.

Based on the result of the research, picture and text are very competitive in attracting the attention of the consumers to the ad. Aesthetic product advertisement is more effective in both countries if there is a use of an endorser instead of the product image; endorsers are most likely to be celebrities, in the age of below 20 and from a mix of nationalities; ads are most likely to be colorful and use the Serif typefaces. In designing the ads for the aesthetic products in Iran it is more effective to use the sex appeal while in Sweden it is more effective to use the slice of life appeal. Finally consumers in Iran are more attracted to the ad by the impression of the text concept comparing to Swedes.

The keywords of this research are: Design, Advertising, Aesthetic products and Cultural investigation

The purpose of this thesis is to gain better understanding of the educational environment that indigenous children in Sololá, Guatemala, are found in. What are the basic concepts and methods used by teacher? Why are the achievements so low and the dropouts so high among indigenous children, and how is bilingual education beneficial for them? These questions were answered through 33 semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers working at schools in the department. The results showed that the greatest difficulties for indigenous children were related to parents’ financial situation, child labour and the children’s lack of interest in studying. Teachers who did not speak the any indigenous languages were concerned how to reach the children, as they could not transmit the knowledge properly. Some teachers mentioned lack of adequate bilingual material was the reason why many children were not able to pass classes. When children work in their parents’ business they have no time to do homework and are often tired when they are in school, causing class repetition or complete dropout. Indigenous peoples’ understanding and way of transferring knowledge comes in conflict with the way the public school system is imparting knowledge. Bilingual education is an attempt to educate indigenous children, with considerable benefits for the whole society. Teachers mentioned the numerous benefits, including opportunities to get a good job, continue studying at a higher level and improve the children’s future possibilities. Bilingual education makes it easier for teachers to impart the necessary knowledge and teach the children Spanish while at the same time maintaining the indigenous languages.

This paper aims to explore how the relation between language and cognition is used as a complex trope in the 1994-2000 comic The Invisibles (Morrison et al.). The Invisibles features a secret language that different characters can access and use to manipulate how other characters can cognize reality. Although this secret language seems to posit the existence of a universal ability of humans to access an enriched understanding of reality, such secret language is also used as a tool of ultimate cognitive manipulation. Thus, language and cognition act as a complex trope that Morrison employs to explore themes of freedom and control, as well as different views on the mind/external world problem. We address this complex trope by discussing which scientific theories of language and cognition appear to be implemented in the story, and how they are used as tropes in the narrative.