This paper reviews methods for evaluating and analyzing the understandability of classification models in the context of data mining. The motivation for this study is the fact that the majority of previous work has focused on increasing the accuracy of models, ignoring user-oriented properties such as comprehensibility and understandability. Approaches for analyzing the understandability of data mining models have been discussed on two different levels: one is regarding the type of the models’ presentation and the other is considering the structure of the models. In this study, we present a summary of existing assumptions regarding both approaches followed by an empirical work to examine the understandability from the user’s point of view through a survey. The results indicate that decision tree models are more understandable than rule-based models. Using the survey results regarding understandability of a number of models in conjunction with quantitative measurements of the complexity of the models, we are able to establish correlation between complexity and understandability of the models.

Integration, inclusion, and equity constitute fundamental dimensions of democracy in post-World War II societies and their institutions. The study presented here reports upon the ways in which individuals and institutions both use and account for the roles that technologies, including ICT, play in disabling and enabling access for learning in higher education for all. Technological innovations during the 20th and 21st centuries, including ICT, have been heralded as holding significant promise for revolutionizing issues of access in societal institutions like schools, healthcare services, etc. (at least in the global North). Taking a socially oriented perspective, the study presented in this paper focuses on an ethnographically framed analysis of two datasets that critically explores the role that technologies, including ICT, play in higher education for individuals who are “differently abled” and who constitute a variation on a continuum of capabilities. Functionality as a dimension of everyday life in higher education in the 21st century is explored through the analysis of (i) case studies of two “differently abled” students in Sweden and (ii) current support services at universities in Sweden. The findings make visible the work that institutions and their members do through analyses of the organization of time and space and the use of technologies in institutional settings against the backdrop of individuals’ accountings and life trajectories. This study also highlights the relevance of multi-scale data analyses for revisiting the ways in which identity positions become framed or understood within higher education.

The smartphone is omnipresent and is cherished and held close by people. It allows for constant connection within a digitally connected society, as well as for many other purposes such as leisure activity or informational purpose. Within the Information Systems studies deeper investigation is required as to what impact this “taken – for – granted” mobile access to information and mobile apps has for individuals and society and if a “technological addiction”can be developed when using the smartphone for everything during the day on such a constant basis.

The aim of this study was to understand the role of the smartphone in society and to shed light on this unclear relationship between the constant use of a smartphone and its development towards an addictive quality. To reach a conclusion, in depth – interviews were conducted with participants about their relationship to the smartphone and their smartphone use based on questions derived from literature on mobile communication technologies and the types of digital addictions existing.

The results are that the smartphone is a device that seamlessly integrates into our daily lives in that we unconsciously use it as a tool to make our daily tasks more manageable, and enjoyable. It also supports us in getting better organized, to be in constant touch with family and friends remotely, and to be more mobile which is a useful ability in today’s mobility driven society.

Smartphones have been found to inhabit a relatively low potential to addiction. Traits of voluntary behaviour, habitual behaviour, and mandatory behaviour of smartphone use have been found. All of these behaviours are not considered a true addiction. In the end, it seems that the increase of smartphone use is mainly due to the way we communicate nowadays digitally,and the shift in how we relate to our social peers using digital means.

The present study is a result of the ongoing digitalization that has been taking place in both society and the school. Revisions by the National Agency of Education have provided the curriculum with more integration of digital tools and how the students should use and navigate them. This change has also made the demand for teachers’ digital skills to be increased. This leads to the purpose of this study as it is intended to seek a deeper understanding of how teachers experience digital tools in Swedish teaching and how planning and execution are affected. The research questions on which the study is based were:

• How do some teachers use digital tools in Swedish teaching?
• What opportunities and challenges some teachers find digital tools entail in Swedish teaching?

In order to gain a deeper understanding and hear in-depth arguments, the study has been conducted in the form of a qualitative study in which six active teachers have been interviewed. All collected data has been transcribed and analyzed in the basis of thematic analysis to produce a result.

The study's results show that it is primarily competence that controls the use of digital tools in teaching. The teachers believe that they have a lack of knowledge about the digital tools they use, which can lead to them feeling some fear of using digital tools. The opportunities that the teachers describe are increased motivation among the pupil, efficiency improvements and that it seems to be a good support for students in need. The challenges listed by the teachers are the disturbances and the lack of digital tools.

The 3D online world Second Life provides ample opportunities for both role-play and social interaction. Moreover, the relative lack of explicit game-rules (at least initially) on the part of the creator, Linden Lab, provided the gamers with a carte blanche to be anyone they want and give them the freedom to do almost anything. It has become clear, however, that Linden Lab has found reasons for making alterations in their legislative framework. Additionally, local game rules are being developed in many places and there are huge differences in how these rules are maintained and enforced.

Using theories of the avant-garde (Greenberg, Poggioli, Bürger) as a stepping stone, as well as Manuel Castells' four-layered theory of Internet cultures (the techno-meritocratic, the hacker, the virtual communitarian and the entrepreneurial culture), my intention is to explore the actions of, and the attitudes towards, the type of digital avant-garde that is exemplified by gamers/hackers/griefers/deviants. I will look at this both on a "global level" and on a local level, where communities and sim owners use different strategies to control their land and gamers' behaviour on it. The global data will be taken from the "Incident Management Report" which is issued by the Second Life Governance Team on violation against Linden Lab rules. Additionally, I will carry out interviews with sim owners and community representatives, as well as with some of those who are labelled grievers. I will also look at blogs and articles that address the issue of grievers and disruptive behaviour in an online world.

Drawing upon Gaston Bachelard´s The Poetics of Space and Henri Lefebvre´s The Production of Space, I read both private and public digital 3D spaces made available through SL and examine to what extent they are inscribed in or distanced from the underlying ideology of Second Life. I use textual sources - written codes of conduct, covenants written by the land owners, actual buildings and environments created in Second Life, an interview, as well as blogs and articles - to explore how three different categories of space are constructed and maintained: one where SL is primarily seen as a work tool for profit or teaching, another where the main goal is a detailed, homogenuous and highly visual space, and a third category where a homogenuous space is created in order to enable a more organized fantasy and facilitate game-play. Choice of Theme: Expressions of ideology in design and digital technologies.

This study investigates how the members of four different role-playing communities on the online platform Second Life perform social as well as dramatic roles within their community. The trajectories of power influencing these roles are my main focus. Theoretically I am relying primarily on performance scholar Richard Schechner, sociologist, Erving Goffman, and post-structuralists Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Felìx Guattari. My methodological stance has its origin primarily within literature studies using text analysis as my preferred method, but I also draw on the (cyber)ethnographical works of T.L. Taylor, Celia Pearce, and Mikael Jakobsson. In this dissertation my focus is on the relationship of the role-player to their chosen role especially in terms of the boundary between being in character, and as such removed from "reality," and the popping out of character, which instead highlights the negotiations of the social, sometimes make-belief, roles. Destabilising and problematising the dichotomy between the notion of the online as virtual and the offline as real, as well as the idea that everything is "real" regardless of context, my aim is to understand role-play in a digital realm in a new way, in which two modes of performance, dramatic and social, take place in a digital context online.

Linden Lab, the company behind the online world Second Life (SL), invites multiplic- ity with slogans like “Your World. Your Imagination.”1 Yet many SL residents’2 profiles give evidence of adjustment to group narratives or norms in various social spaces inside the world. They seem to favor already established social and cultural conventions when creating an online identity; hence they also adjust to already existing hierarchies. I argue that residents in SL recreate social orders and power structures similar to ones already existing outside SL, even though they are of course under no obligation to do so. In that sense social and cultural patterns are reproduced and in some cases even amplified. My aim here is to trace social dynamics evident in three groups within this digital space and my hypothesis is that the rules of these social spaces then function as a foundation and guideline for identity formation, and in fact almost seem to prescribe a certain way of acting or behaving. Two of the groups have a clear role-playing profile, based on books and movies, whereas role-playing is not required, although possible, in the third group. All of them are thus removed from the lifeworld by constituting either purely fictive or, conversely, historical constructs, but they can nevertheless provide clues to how the residents think in an environment that is not primarily “real life” based, and in which anything, even a utopia, can be possible. By reading group charters and profile descriptions found in the SL search engine, and studying articles and blogs functioning either as group information channels or journals for individuals in each community, I examine the motivations and power structures driving avatar and online identity construction in role-playing communities, with a focus on the interac- tion between the overarching “state” power, the Linden Lab, the three communities, their respective role-models, and the rules that govern them, as well as the individuals that are a part of them. 

For a couple of years now, the Columbia Business School and in particular Bernd Schmitt have been advocating for more work to be done regarding 'experiential marketing'. Taking the case of e-atmospherics in Turkish e-banking practices, we revisit the theory of strategic experiential modules which are sense, feel, think, act and relate. Two major ebanking experience providers' types of communication, product design, retail presence and epresence have been unpacked. These are Garanti Bank, who's known with its many award winning web site, and Akbank who has a standard web site. The Turkish banking at the border of the EU and under global influences has expended and liberalized dramatically over the last decade making the most of new technologies, hence offering an interesting perspective in a non-homogenous society where the technological divide remains important. First a qualitative content analysis of both bank's homepages is conducted. This is followed by 43 online surveys, where 18 is Garanti Bank consumer, 19 is Akbank consumer and 6 is both Garanti and Akbank consumer, to explore how e-atmospherics experiential features currently recognized by users. Our findings indicate that experiential marketing in e-banking can be expected to be the key to greater online migration of consumers and differentiation among the players. Yet, while the first two steps sense and feel are explicitly developed by both players, act and relate still remain poor. Moreover, 'think' is discovered to be a key moderator where both banks seem to lack clear strategy.

E-government has often been heralded as the new way forwards for emerging countries. While many such countries are already offering e-government services and are gearing up for further growth, little is actually known of the forming stages that are necessary to ensure a greater rate of success and avoid the traditional failure traps linked to new technology and information system adoption and diffusion. We situate our research in the case of mobile phone as a reflection of the current market situation in emerging countries. We contend, in this paper, that more research is needed to understand future intention to use e-government services through mobile phone technology. Front loading activities both from a government and technology perspectives are required to facilitate the decision making process by users.

In recent years, the UK clothing and fashion industry has undergone some major changes. While the demise of traditional high street brands such as C&A have been widely heralded in the media, a new phenomenon has dramatically changed the children's garment landscape with the emergence of supermarkets as viable alternative providers. In a world where fashion is the prerogative of a substantial majority of the population, image, social status, personality, identity and self expression are so crucial and modelled around key top brands, the main UK supermarket chains seem - rather against the odds - to have created a new, socially-acceptable type of fashion consumption. Have supermarkets own label brands really moved from 'me too' to suitable everyday prestige alternatives? In addition, while parents control purchases for the smallest children, are they convinced to stay loyal across the age ranges - without somehow stigmatizing themselves or their children? Our exploratory research encompasses supermarket stores that are located on the outskirts of town - not accessible by walking from city centres - as a reflection of current spatial change in shopping patterns in the UK. Fifty nine interviews conducted in two ASDA and two TESCO stores in Devon and in Glasgow were analyzed. Our theoretical perspective draws on a body of research covering areas such as intra-household economy and relationships, children and childhood imagery, the consumer decision making process, and retailing. We surmise that, due to the nature of the products/services, clothing shopping is, in effect, bringing new complexities for consumers which have yet to be addressed by most retailers' marketing strategies. While ease of access (through linked grocery shopping) price and quality are perceived as the main decision factors, we reveal that style and design, commendation by word of mouth, refund policies and assortment/variety also linked to multiplicity of usage are greatly influencing parental choice. We highlight the increasing importance of browsing as a modern improvisation choice practice (planned impulse buying). We then provide a re-definition of 'taste and style' and another view of what it could be to be a good parent. Supermarket clothing ranges are perceived as a way to help in grounding, forming and assessing future clothing consumptions.

I dagens samhälle används Informations- och Kommunikationsteknik (IKT) på olika sätt och fritidshemmet ska följa med i utvecklingen av omvärlden. Fritidshemmet ska även utgå från elevernas behov och intressen. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa kunskap om hur pedagoger inom fritidshem använder IKT som verktyg för elevers meningsskapande, välbefinnande och utveckling i fritidshemmets verksamhet.

Följande forskningsfrågor fokuseras:

• Hur beskriver pedagogerna vad elever gör med de digitala verktygen?
• Vilka faktorer beskriver pedagogerna som viktiga om IKT ska användas på fritidshem?
• Hur beskriver pedagogerna sin kompetens i att arbeta med IKT på fritidshem?

Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är det sociokulturella perspektivet som har sitt ursprung i Lev Vygotskijs teorier gällande utveckling, språk och lärande. En etnografisk ansats samt en kvalitativ metod har valts och empirin är således inhämtad med hjälp av observation samt semistrukturerade intervjuer.

Resultaten redovisas utefter våra tre forskningsfrågor. Resultaten grundar sig i empirin vilket samlades in genom observation och genom de semistrukturerade intervjuerna. Resultaten visar att pedagogernas intresse och tillgång till tid och digitala verktyg styr hur mycket de arbetar med IKT i verksamheten. Det framkommer även att surfplattan har fått en stor roll i dagens fritidshem eftersom den är smidig och lätt att bära med sig för att dokumentera och användandet har ökat markant de sista åren.

In the autumn of 2004, two higher educational programs in e-government will be starting up at Blekinge Institute of Technology in Southern Sweden. One of these is a Master’s level program, while the other is a more basic, two-year vocational education. Each will be the first of its kind in Scandinavia, and both will be offered as net-based distance education. The interdisciplinary group of researchers/teachers now developing the courses for these educational programs, in co-operation with several other research groups in Scandinavia, see this co-construction of distance education as the beginning of an active Scandinavian network of competence around higher education and ongoing research and development in the e-government area. We are currently exploring the possibilities of using distance education in this area as a way of networking around on-going e-government research and competence enhancement in Scandinavia. The Scandinavian tradition of Participatory Design, as well as ideas about e-government as constantly ongoing co-construction, have inspired us in our work with developing the new educational programs. A reference group consisting of representatives from a number of municipalities and various government agencies plays an important role in this work.

Instagram is a popular social networking application that allows users to express themselves through the uploaded content and the different filters they can apply. In this study we look at personality prediction from Instagram picture features. We explore two different features that can be extracted from pictures: 1) visual features (e.g., hue, valence, saturation), and 2) content features (i.e., the content of the pictures). To collect data, we conducted an online survey where we asked participants to fill in a personality questionnaire and grant us access to their Instagram account through the Instagram API. We gathered 54,962 pictures of 193 Instagram users. With our results we show that visual and content features can be used to predict personality from and perform in general equally well. Combining the two however does not result in an increased predictive power. Seemingly, they are not adding more value than they already consist of independently.

Instagram is a popular social networking application that allowsusers to express themselves through the uploaded contentand the different filters they can apply. In this study we look atthe relationship between the content of the uploaded Instagrampictures and the personality traits of users. To collect data, weconducted an online survey where we asked participants tofill in a personality questionnaire, and grant us access to theirInstagram account through the Instagram API. We gathered54,962 pictures of 193 Instagram users. Through the GoogleVision API, we analyzed the pictures on their content and clusteredthe returned labels with the k-means clustering approach.With a total of 17 clusters, we analyzed the relationship withusers’ personality traits. Our findings suggest a relationshipbetween personality traits and picture content. This allow fornew ways to extract personality traits from social media trails,and new ways to facilitate personalized systems.

This article analyses a delimited corpus of Internet memes showcasing former Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff. The theoretical framework is based on studies of memes and Internet memes as phenomena inserted in the online dimension of transmission and cultural production, and principles of the General Theory of Systems. The methodological approach is based on the classification tools developed by Dawkins (1976) to describe memes that spread widely across the digital space (fidelity, fecundity and longevity) and the patterns developed by Knobel and Lankshear (2007) as the main characteristics that contribute to an Internet meme’s spreadability (humour, intertextuality and juxtaposition). These classification tools are applied aiming to select and analyse Internet memes that feature the Brazilian president. The goal of the article is to extract from both classification systems relevant tools for guiding understanding about how certain specific sets of memes connected to Dilma Rousseff became memorable and spreadable within the Brazilian media landscape. The result findings show that the categories and patterns applied to the analysis are not isolated and are not mutually exclusive. On the contrary, they are frequently juxtaposed, which denotes their integrated nature and coherent disposition, corroborating to clarify and identify how certain specific sets of memes spread within the media.

Tablets and apps are more and more often used in math teaching. An app is a software program used for tablet computers.

The purpose of this study is to create knowledge about how teachers in classes 1–3 teach math with help of different apps. The study was made through qualitative interviews with six teachers who work continuously with applications in math teaching. The result shows that if apps are to be used in teaching there should be a clear goal and purpose of the use. It should also be possible to relate to the curriculum and the course book. Furthermore, the study reveals that there are different ways and purposes of using apps. The apps are mainly described as complementary tools and as an asset in order to introduce a mathematical area. The teachers’ purposes were, for example, to increase the amount of practice, individualization, or to create a higher accomplishment rate. Other purposes of using apps were to produce direct feedback, increase student motivation, or for evaluation and follow-up. The selections of apps which were used for teaching varied and were chosen in three different ways; through free choice, via an ICT responsible, or via an IT office.

The aim of this study was to find answers to how self-regulated learning (SRL) and cooperation learning orientation correlate with study success. At DSV, a department of Stockholm University, a web based support system for students’ thesis writing referred to as SciPro was implemented. The system also allowed for statistics of thesis process. Through the SciPro system we were able to retrieve students and supervisors; data were retrieved from 45 supervisors and 47 students with regard to their respective responsibilities in the thesis writing process. Vermunt’s instrument, Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS), was employed to measure students’ SRL. Overall, the relation between SRL and completed thesis was not as strong as expected.

The aim of the present study was to investigate students' perceptions and experiences of ICT support in education in physical education and how the use of ICT contributed to their learning.

The methodology used in the study was the qualitative research with stimulated recall. Students from an upper secondary school were interviewed. The interviewed students had participated in ICT-assisted learning during a period of two years in which some of the lessons were recorded on video.The purpose of video recording was to stimulate the students’ experiences, later described in the interviews. The video clips of some lessons were shown during the interviews.

The theoretical starting point was a socio-cultural perspective. In the study that meant that the students interacted with each other, but also with artifacts such as balls, lines, gymnastics equipment and ICT tools who in this case linked the movements of the students.

The study showed that the students had positive experiences with ICT support in the learning of physical education. When ICT was used many pupils enjoyed both the educational moment and the entertainment it provided. Another aspect of the study was that the ICT support facilitated easier learning and by making information and instructions more understandable. This resulted in improved student engagement, better focus and increased motivation, which actually also lead to faster learning.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka arbetssätt som förekommer vid användandet av IKT-verktyg i engelskundervisningen samt att undersöka vilka fördelar och nackdelar användandet av IKT bidrar till. Studien är uppbyggd av intervjuer av undervisande lärare i årskurs 4–6 och tidigare forskning inom området. Studien baseras på en fenomenologisk forskningsansats. Resultatet visar att det finns flera olika användningsområden för IKT i engelsk-undervisningen, bland annat översättning, inspelning, direkt respons samt grammatisk feedback. Vidare visar resultatet att användningen av IKT gynnar eleverna positivt genom att bidra till ökad motivation till lärande samt ökad individualisering, samarbetsförmåga och kommunikationsförmåga. I resultatet framträdde även nackdelar förknippade med användningen av IKT-verktyg, exempelvis att tekniken kan vara problematisk när den inte fungerar och att felaktig användning av IKT-verktygen kan hindra elevernas lärande

Boken “Mer om nätbaserad utbildning: fördjupning och exempel” riktar sig till de som vill veta mer om nätbaserad utbildning. Den ger möjlighet till fördjupning inom olika sätt att använda nätet för utbildning och innehåller många exempel. Kapitlen går bland annat in på ämnen som sociala medier i undervisningen samt dialog, kamratgranskning, bedömning och handledning via nätet.

Författarna har haft som målsättning att förmedla sin erfarenhet och aktuella forskningsresultat på ett lättbegripligt sätt. Däremot tror vi inte att det finns enkla lösningar. Utveckling av nätbaserad utbildning är komplext och innebär en mängd tekniska och pedagogiska utmaningar. Därför har vi snarare lagt fokus på att bidra till fördjupad förståelse och reflektion. Denna bok bygger till stor del på forskning men är även nära kopplad till författarnas erfarenhet och praktik.

Boken vänder sig till lärare, studenter och andra som arbetar med utveckling av nätbaserad utbildning. Den kan läsas som en fortsättning till den mer grundläggande boken “Nätbaserad utbildning: en introduktion” och riktar sig således till läsare med förkunskaper i området. Till boken hör en webbplats med ytterligare material samt länkar för inspiration och vidare läsning.

Stefan Hrastinski är redaktör. Bokens kapitel är skrivna av Fredrik Andersson, Olle Bälter, Anneli Edman, Agneta Hult, Jimmy Jaldemark, Tanvir Kawnine, Christina Keller, Ola J Lindberg, Monica Liljeström, Jörgen Lindh, Marie Mörndal, Anders D Olofsson, Ulf Olsson, Linda Reneland-Forsman, Eva Rydberg Fåhræus, Elisabeth Saalman och Johan Thorbiörnson.

IT har idag en framträdande roll i många olika sammanhang i vårt samhälle. Vi blir mer och mer beroende och påverkade av olika former av IT-baserad infrastruktur i såväl vårt vardagsliv som i vår yrkesmässiga gärning. Många av de IT-baserade tjänster och möjligheter som finns idag betraktas mer och mer som en naturlig del av vårt leverne och de förutsätts mer eller minde oreflekterat som en del av en samhällelig infrastruktur. Ungefär på samma sätt som vi ser på vägnät, sophämtning, barnomsorg, utbildning etc. I takt med denna utveckling har också kommuner, landsting och myndigheter tagit konsekvenserna av de nya möjligheter och krav som ett mer IT-baserat samhälle innebär. Medborgare och enskilda tillhör alltmer en generation som är uppvuxna med IT som en naturlig del av livet och deras tröskel för att tillgodogöra sig ny teknik och ta till sig nya tillämpningar blir successivt lägre. Dagens samhälle med sina medborgare ställer krav på moderna kommuner, landsting och myndigheter och att dessa kan tillhandahålla e-tjänster av olika slag på ett sammanhållet sätt i olika värdekedjor där såväl kommuner, landsting och myndigheter utgör olika sammanlänkade delar i dessa värdekedjor. e-utveckling är därför ett område som vuxit fram som något som inte kan hanteras enskilt av kommuner, landsting och myndigheter. e-utveckling är något som för att möta framtidens krav bör göras i samverkan vilket också kommer ställa nya krav på sättet att tänka om e-utveckling, hur man organiserar sig, vad som är lämpliga affärsmodeller och hur e-utveckling skall genomföras, bara för att nämna några områden där man behöver tänka till och i vissa fall tänka helt nytt.

e-tjänster och e-utveckling har i många sammanhang blivit ett konkurrensmedel och en nationell trend. Detta ställer dock också krav på såväl organisation, infrastruktur, tjänster, verksamhetsprocesser och kompetens på olika sätt. Det är inte bara en utmaning i att ha fungerande e-tjänster och IS/IT infrastruktur. Verksamhets-processer behöver anpassas och kompetensen hos personal behöver utvecklas, såväl på tjänstemannasidan som politiker. Denna kompetensutveckling handlar dock inte bara om att lära sig teknik utan, kanske framför allt, att ta till sig och utveckla nya arbetssätt, principer för samverkan och ansvarsförhållanden i värdekedjor som innefattar betydligt fler aktörer än vad man tidigare varit van vid.

Det finns i dagsläget många olika initiativ på olika nivåer som på ett eller annat sätt kan betraktas som e-initiativ, se t ex ”Digitala vägen till morgondagens välfärd – handlingsplan för eSamhället 2013-2015” med en kategorisering av 32 olika e-initiativ som skall skapa ett enklare, öppnare och effektivare samhälle, se Figur 1 nedan. e-initiativ kan dessutom återfinnas på regional nivå inom och mellan kommuner, på regional nivå mellan kommuner och/eller regioner, på nationell nivå och även på EU-nivå, se t ex Digital agenda som idag finns för EU, Nationell nivå samt att den i flera fall även blivit beslutat på kommunal nivå. Till denna bild skall också tilläggas myndigheter och landsting som i olika konstellationer och på olika sätt är involverade i olika e-initiativ.

Uppdraget för denna rapport avser att inom ramen för ett VINNOVA-projekt bidra med forsknings- och utvecklingsinsatser för att uppnå målet att skapa en nationell ”Guide för effektiv regional e-utveckling” (e-utvecklingsrådet, 2013). Detta innebär att denna rapport också kommer att ingå med vissa omarbetade delar i den nationella guiden.

Uppdragets syfte är att kartlägga lämpliga former för samverkan inom avseende e-utveckling mellan kommuner. Resultatet av denna kartläggning, slutsatser och analyser presenteras i denna rapport och skall användas som referens till den nationella guiden.

Uppdraget till högskolan har inneburit att på en övergripande nivå att bidra till en nationell vägledning genom att beskriva svårigheter och förslag till lösningar för regional e-utveckling mellan kommuner, regioner, myndigheter, landsting och medborgare.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how a quality register in rheumatoid arthritis care was adopted in the Swedish medical community of rheumatologists and what helped and hindered this.

A mixed methods case study was carried out to collect data covering the development and adoption of the quality register. By performing 17 key informant interviews and document analysis, significant themes focusing on the context, content, process and outcomes of the innovation was sought for. The innovation process proceeded from idea generation, development phase, and consolidation phase to a phase of shared decision-making. Resistance from physicians, perceived threats to the medical consultation, organisational change climate and lack of integration with other health care IT-systems were perceived as barriers to the adoption of the quality register. Access to longitudinal patient and treatment data, change champions, transformational leadership, changes in the physician-patient dialogue and increased control of treatment quality and costs were identified as drivers of innovation spread. These factors can be categorised as belonging to the construct of perceived usefulness.

The technology acceptance model (TAM) assumes that an individual’s acceptance of an information system is a necessary predecessor of actual use of the information systems, and that acceptance is determined by two major factors; perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Although being one of the most applied theories in information systems research since its introduction in 1989, TAM has been a target of criticism on behalf of being too simplistic, not taking user’s organizational contexts in account and avoiding controversial issues concerning the use of information systems by concentrating too much on the individual user’s self-reported perceptions. To refute the criticism, a number of extensions of TAM has been developed and tested, the most influential being Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), which was presented in 2003 introducing the core constructs of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions as influencing factors of user acceptance. The chapter provides a review of information systems research that applies technology acceptance models and gives advice to researchers, students and practitioners, who wish to use technology acceptance models in research and evaluation of information systems use in different contexts.

The academic seminar has, since Socrates, been the core of university culture. With the advent of the educatinal technology of virtual learning environments, opportunities of performing academic seminars online have come into existence. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived advantages and disadvantages of performing academic seminars online. The advantages of online seminars were opportunities of reflection and deep learning provided by asynchronous seminars. Furthermore, students not being able to do themselves full justice in classroom seminars performed better in online seminars. The prominent disadvantage of online seminars was their lack of spontaneous real-time interaction, and lack of clues such as body language, in teacher-learner interaction. Based on the findings of the study, university teachers carefully need to consider the underlying reasons for choosing a classroom seminar or an online seminar, and prepare themselves accordingly.

Research objective: Learning management systems (LMS) is an important tool in higher education, in distance learning as well as on campus. The purpose of this study was to analyse factors influencing acceptance learning management systems among academic staff and students in blended learning environments.

Methodology: The study was performed as a comparative, explanatory case study at three universities providing master education of public health in Sweden, Norway and Lithuania. The three universities implemented similar learning management systems during the same time span. The study was performed from a combined theoretical perspective of technology acceptance theories, diffusion of innovation and organizational learning. Qualitative interviews were performed with academic staff, such as deans, project managers and teachers. A survey questionnaire was distributed to public health master students at the three universities.

Outcomes: Although the implemented learning management systems were similar and implemented in teaching and learning of the same academic discipline, the implementation strategies and the degree of acceptance of the learning management systems varied significantly between the three universities. The degree of acceptance was high at the Lithuanian university, low at the Swedish university and in between at the Norwegian university. The findings of the case study showed that the contextual factor of organisational culture was powerful in influencing acceptance of learning management systems, positively as well as negatively. The organizational culture of the universities, expressed as shared values of what is good quality teaching and learning, were found to partly oppose values inherent in the learning management systems. At the Swedish university, a strong orientation towards face to face teaching on campus hampered the implementation of the learning management system. At the Norwegian university, the learning management system was perceived as something necessary to survive as an academic institution, but also as a threat to academic freedom. Finally, at the Lithuanian university, the learning management system was perceived as a means of creating new opportunities for the academic institution as, as such, as something inherently good. These findings imply that organizational culture should be considered as a significant factor in implementation of educational technology.

The main theme of the 17th International Conference on Electronic Publishing (ELPUB) concerns different ways to extract and process data from the vast wealth of digital publishing and how to use and reuse this information in innovative social contexts in a sustainable way. We bring together researchers and practitioners to discuss data mining, digital publishing and social networks along with their implications for scholarly communication, information services, e-learning, e-businesses, the cultural heritage sector, and other areas where electronic publishing is imperative. ELPUB 2013 received 36 paper submissions. The peer review process resulted in the acceptance of 16 papers. From the accepted papers, 8 were submitted as full papers and 8 as extended abstracts. These papers were grouped into sessions based on the following topics: Data Mining and Intelligent Computing, Publishing and Access, and Social Computing and Practices. James MacGregor and Karen Meijer-Kline from the Public Knowledge Project (Simon Fraser University Library, Canada) lead the pre-conference workshop on June 12. The workshop is entitled “The Future of E-publishing: An Introduction to Open Journal Systems & Open Monograph Press”. The main program on June 13–14 features two keynotes. Stephan Shakespeare (YouGov, UK) will deliver a keynote entitled “Getting value out of our digital trace: a strategy for unleashing the economic and justice potential of data sharing”. Professor Felix S. Wu (University of California at DavisUSA) will deliver a keynote entitled “Social computing leveraging online social informatics”. ELPUB 2013 also features a panel discussion entitled “Setting research data free – problems and solutions”. The panel consists of the aforementioned keynote speakers as well as Professor David Rosenthal (Stanford University, USA) and Hans Jörgen Marker (Swedish National Data Service, Sweden). We believe that the topics featured in the program of this year's ELPUB conference are diverse and exciting. Firstly, we would like to thank members of the ELPUB Executive Committee who, together with the Local Advisory Committee, provided valuable advice and assistance during the entire process of the organization. Secondly, we would like to thank our colleagues in the Program Committee who helped in assuring the quality of the conference throughout the peer reviewing process. Lastly, we acknowledge the Local Organization team for making sure that all efforts materialized into a very interesting scientific event. Thank you all for helping us maintain the quality of ELPUB and deserve the trust of our authors and attendees.

"À l'occasion d'initiations d'adultes (enseignants et étudiants) à SL, j'ai observé dans leurs yeux un émerveillement et une fascination mêlés à un soupçon de peur que j'imagine analogues aux sensations des générations des siècles passés devant le spectacle des trompe-l'oeil. Le point commun entre les productions anciennes et celles de SL réside dans la capacité à produire l'illusion d'un espace en trois dimensions à partir d'un support qui n'en a que deux. Par l'ouverture fictive d'un des plafonds du palais ducal de Mantoue, où la vraie lumière d'un ciel bleu semble se propager à l'intérieur de la pièce, le peintre Andrea Mantegna surprend le spectateur: durant au moins une fraction de seconde, celui-ci croit qu'autour de l'orifice, de vrais chérubins regardent, des airs, ce qui se passe dans le palais."                             

"De la Belle époque à Second Life" est un livre, le premier de son genre, qui traite du rapport établi entre les notions de créativité artistique, de monde virtuel, de philosophie, d'histoire, de poésie et de sociologie. Clair, bien argumenté et merveilleusement documenté, il a également l'avantage d'être ancré dans une réalité que l'auteur appréhende avec objectivité. L'étude de Y. Lindberg ne néglige en effet aucun des aspects qu'elle doit aborder, et va même plus loin en proposant des ouvertures de la thèse principale à d'autres disciplines, là aussi abordées avec un sérieux et une érudition remarquables. Pour tous les sociologues et les spécialistes du numérique, ou plus simplement pour les intellectuels curieux, une référence.

Drawing on data derived from a nationwide postal survey (n = 1264) with a simple random sample of Swedes between ages 65 and 85 (response rate: 63%), the article analyses the general patterns of: (a) degrees of information and communication (ICT) access and (b) ICT-literacy among Swedish senior citizens. The overall patterns of access and literacy are analysed in light of senior citizens’ assets – conceptualized as material, discursive and social resources – and their age and gender. The analysis reveals a positive correlation between levels of material (e.g., income), discursive (e.g., English skills) and social (e.g., social networks) resources and access to ICT. With greater resources, the average number of devices increases. The analysis also reveals a positive correlation between discursive and social resources and ICT-literacy. Gender has no bearing on access to devices, but might have some effect on ICT-literacy. The correlation between age, access and literacy is negative. With increasing age, both access and literacy decreases. In this respect, the study reveals a generational effect. However, since all three resources tend to decrease over the life cycle, the results are also discussed in terms of an age effect. These data and our analyses are contextualized by a critical discussion that reflects on the implications of these general patterns: What do they mean for senior citizens’ abilities to be included and participate in a continuously digitalizing society?

Syftet med denna workshop är att ge forskare från olika lärosäten möjlighet att samverka och att främja framväxten av nya forskningssamarbeten inom området IT och lärande i högre utbildning. Nätverket forskning om IT i högre utbildning bildades 2010 med syfte att underlätta kontakter mellan forskare inom Sverige. Flera projekt och ansökningar blev resultatet av nätverkets kontakter. NU2012 innebär en förnyad möjlighet att lära om andras forskningsområden och en möjlighet till att initiera nya grupperingar som kan mynna ut i större forskningssamarbeten, gemensamma ansökningar och ett stärkt nätverk. Som forskare är du välkommen att delta i workshopen oavsett om du är medlem i nätverket eller inte. Även praktiker som är intresserade av forskning är välkomna att delta i work­shopen.

Den pågående nationella forskningen om IT och lärande inom högre utbildning karaktäriseras inte enbart av att vara geografisk spridd utan även av att vara splittrad mellan olika vetenskapliga disci­pliner, som t ex pedagogik, informatik, datavetenskap och medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap. Detta innebär att miljöerna för forskning och utveckling är små och ofta bestående av enskilda personer (Högskoleverket, 2011; KK-stiftelsen, 2006). Samarbetet mellan enskilda forskare kan försvåras till och med inom samma lärosäte, eftersom forskarna ofta tillhör olika institutioner och fakulteter. Mot denna bakgrund saknas gemen­samma arenor för forskare att möta andra forskare och för praktiker att möta forskare. Workshopen är i sig en sådan arena och kan också hjälpa till att skapa fler arenor.

Workshopen inleds med en kort presentation av nätverket. Deltagarna får därefter presentera sig själva, sina intresseområden och sina forskningsidéer. Genereringen av forskningsidéerna sker genom en brainstorming där deltagarna skriver ner sina idéer på post-it-lappar. Idéerna grupperas sedan i olika kluster gemensamt av workshopens ledare och deltagare. Med ledning av resultatet av klustringen grupperas deltagarna sedan för att diskutera gemensamma idéer till forskningsstudier och forskningsansökningar. Under den sista delen av workshopen summerar deltagarna vad diskussionerna har lett fram till.

Referenser

Högskoleverket (2011). Kartläggning av distansverksamheten vid universitet och högskolor. Rapport 2011:2 R.

KK-stiftelsen (2006) IT och lärande En översikt av aktuell forskning inom IT och lärande 2006 En rapport från KK-stiftelsen.

This paper explores the creation of value through the interactions of consumer and professional stakeholders in digital innovation ecosystems. We examine this by applying the methodological approach of Social Media Analytics (SMA) which is an interdisciplinary approach that seeks to combine, extend and adapt methods for analysing social media data. By utilising the SMA framework to track user-generated contents published on social media platforms, we assess how consumer and professional stakeholders associate value to Storytel, a new entrant in the Swedish publishing industry that is offering digital subscription service for streaming audiobooks. Drawing from a dataset of 2633 user-generated contents, our findings illustrate the value-creating practices in which stakeholders in Storytel's ecosystems associate value to Storytel's digital innovation. Our findings further highlight that the value-creating practices arising from the interactions of consumer and professional stakeholders in social media give rise to the hybridisation of value, where multiple values drawn from existing value categories become merged in the studied case. This study contributes to extant literature on management of innovation and information systems by (i) shedding light on how value is created by examining value-creating practices as a result of the interactions between stakeholders and (ii) examining the resulting merging of value categories within digital innovation ecosystems and thus exploring the hybridisation of value. 

This report is an interview study on how the Swedish agency for public management in Jönköping works towards leadership communication. The study is not an examination, however it is done with the goal of understanding the agency communication out of communication models created for companies in the private sector. The theoretical approach is created out of recent behavioral leadership science and principals for leaders to communicate well at work. The report is based out of anonymous qualitative interview conducted with eight workers at the agency for public management in Jönköping. The report explains that an interacting and representative behavior is clearly expressed in the agency, and that independence and transparency are given priority as leadership behavior over strong directives from the leader.

This article aims to analyse characteristics of collective and authentic literacy practices within a group of people with aphasia attending an aphasia course at a Swedish folk high school. The group included 12 individuals with aphasia who were studied during a period of 3 weeks. Ethnographic data consists of video and audio recordings, photos and field notes. Two main characteristics of the literacy practices were identified: digital screens dominated and bridged the online/offline boundary, and shared knowledge enabled the participants to co-create literacy. The literacy practices were emancipatory, because they provided ways for the participants to un-mask their inherent competence, increasing their agency. When the use of digital technology transforms a (formerly non-literacy) practice into a multimodal literacy practice, and when an individual with aphasia becomes part of a literacy co-creation practice, the disability (understood as a relation between individual and environmental characteristics) caused by aphasia is reduced. 

One of the important aspects of movie-making is to trigger emotional responses in viewers. These emotional experiences can be divided into hedonic and eudaimonic. While the former are characterized as plain enjoyment, the latter deal with getting greater insight, self-reflection or contemplation. So far, modeling of user preferences about movies and personalization algorithms have largely ignored the eudaimonic aspect of the consumption of movies. In this paper we fill this gap by exploring what are the relationship between (i) eudaimonic and hedonic characteristics of movies, (ii) users' preferences and (iii) users' personality. Our results show that eudaimonic user profiling effectively divides users into pleasure-seekers and meaning-seekers.

Social shopping enables people to share and discuss about shopping in collaborative shopping environments. While much work has focused on using social data to promote shopping, fewer works have examined the way people socialize in the context of shopping as a personalized collaborative activity. In this paper, we propose to use qualitative methods to gain insight into people’s perceptions, concerns, and challenges in social shopping-related activities. Based on the findings, our work may contribute to the design of future online shopping sites and social media platforms that improve user engagement and participation in social shopping interactions, as well as facilitating personalized shopping and social experiences in online communities.

Enhanced data services through mobile phones are expected to be soon fully transactional and embedded within future mobile consumption practices. While private services will surely continue to take the lead, others such as government and NGOs will become more prominent m-players. It is not yet sure which form of technological standards will take the lead including enhance SMS based operations or Internet based specifically developed mobile phone applications. With the introduction of interactive transactions via mobile phones, currently untapped segment of the populations (without computers) have the potential to be accessed. Our research, as a reflection of the current market situation in an emerging country context, in the case of mobile phones analyzes the current needs or emergence of dependencies regarding the use of m/e-government services from the perspective of municipality officers. We contend that more research is needed to understand current preparatory bottlenecks and front loading activities to be able to encourage future intention to use e-government services through mobile phone technologies. This study highlights and interprets the current emerging practices and praxis for consuming m-government services within government.