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  • 1.
    Abu-Ata, Amani
    et al.
    Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Sopher, Ran
    Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
    Portnoy, Sigal
    Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
    Ratzon, Navah Z.
    Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
    Upper Limb Kinematics of Handwriting among Children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder2022In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 22, no 23, article id 9224Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) often experience difficulties with handwriting legibility and speed. This study investigates the relationship between handwriting and upper limb kinematics to characterize movement patterns of children with DCD and typically developing (TD) children.

    Methods: 30 children with and without DCD matched for age, gender, and parent education were compared across handwriting abilities using a standardized handwriting assessment of both copied and dictated tasks (A-A Handwriting). The 3D motion capture system (Qualysis) was used to analyze upper limb kinematics and characterize movement patterns during handwriting and contrasted with written output.

    Results: Children with DCD wrote fewer legible letters in both copying and dictation. Children with DCD also showed poor automatization of key writing concepts. Atypical wrist postures were associated with reduced legibility for children with DCD (F (1,27) 4.71, p = 0.04, p = 0.04, p-η2  0.15); whereas for TD children, better legibility was associated with greater variations in movement speed, particularly of the wrist (rho = −0.578, p < 0.05).

    Conclusion: Results reflect different movement parameters influencing handwriting in children with DCD. An improved understanding of the movement characteristics during handwriting of these children may assist intervention design.

  • 2.
    Adair, Brooke
    et al.
    School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia.
    Ullenhag, Anna
    Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Keen, Deb
    Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Behavioural Science and Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Imms, Christine
    School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia.
    The effect of interventions aimed at improving participation outcomes for children with disabilities: a systematic review2015In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 57, no 12, p. 1093-1104Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim

    Enhancement of participation has been described as the ultimate outcome for health and educational interventions. The goal of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise studies that aimed to improve the participation outcomes of children with disabilities.

    Method

    Nine databases that index literature from the fields of health, psychology, and education were searched to retrieve information on research conducted with children with disabilities aged between 5 years and 18 years. Articles were included if the author(s) reported that participation was an intended outcome of the intervention. The articles included were limited to those reporting high-level primary research, as defined by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council evidence hierarchy guidelines. No restrictions were placed on the type of intervention being investigated.

    Results

    Seven randomized controlled or pseudo-randomized studies were included. Only three of these studies identified participation as a primary outcome. Both individualized and group-based approaches to enhancing participation outcomes appeared to be effective. Studies of interventions with a primary focus on body function or activity level outcomes did not demonstrate an effect on participation outcomes.

    Intepretation

    Few intervention studies have focused on participation as a primary outcome measure. Approaches using individually tailored education and mentoring programmes were found to enhance participation outcomes, while exercise programmes, where participation was a secondary outcome, generally demonstrated little effect.

  • 3.
    Adair, Brooke
    et al.
    Centre for Disability and Development Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia.
    Ullenhag, Anna
    Physiotherapy Department, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden.
    Rosenbaum, Peter
    McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. Biomedical Platform.
    Keen, Deb
    Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia.
    Imms, Christine
    Centre for Disability and Development Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia.
    Measures used to quantify participation in childhood disability and their alignment with the family of participation-related constructs: a systematic review2018In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 60, no 11, p. 1101-1116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM:

    We aimed to identify measures used to assess the participation of disabled children and to map the measures' content to the family of participation-related constructs (fPRC) to inform future research and practice.

    METHOD:

    Six databases were searched to identify measures used to assess participation in health, psychology, and education research. Included studies involved children aged 0 to 18 years with a permanent impairment or developmental disability and reported use of a quantitative measure of participation. A second search sought relevant literature about each identified measure (including published manuals) to allow a comprehensive understanding of the measure. Measurement constructs of frequently reported measures were then mapped to the fPRC.

    RESULTS:

    From an initial yield of 32 767 articles, 578 reported one or more of 118 participation measures. Of these, 51 measures were reported in more than one article (our criterion) and were therefore eligible for mapping to the fPRC. Twenty-one measures quantified aspects of participation attendance, 10 quantified aspects of involvement as discrete scales, and four quantified attendance and involvement in a manner that could not be separated.

    INTERPRETATION:

    Improved understanding of participation and its related constructs is developing rapidly; thoughtful selection of measures in research is critical to further our knowledge base.

    WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS:

    The fPRC can support our rapidly evolving and expanding understanding of participation. Instruments selected to measure participation do not always align with emerging concepts. Matching research aims to a chosen measure's content will improve understanding of participation. Opportunities exist to develop validated participation measures, especially self-reported measures of involvement.

  • 4.
    Adolfsson, Margareta
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    ICF-CY in habilitation services for children2017In: An emerging approach for education and care: Implementing a worldwide classification of functioning and disability / [ed] S. Castro & O. Palikara, London: Routledge, 2017, p. 187-203Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Habilitation services is the name for interdisciplinary health care organisations in Sweden serving children and young people aged 0 to17 years with a wide range of disabilities categorised as mobility, behavioural, intellectual and multiple disabilities, their families and other networks. The construct of habilitation is used in childhood since it focuses on acquiring skills, whereas rehabilitation focuses on regaining lost skills. Despite this difference, the objective of services is consistent and the WHO definition of rehabilitation can apply to both: “A process aimed at enabling people with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological and social functional levels. Rehabilitation provides disabled people with the tools they need to attain independence and self-determination” (WHO, 2016). Habilitation teams include social, psychological, pedagogical and medical competencies with a marked preponderance of the latter (Figure 12.1).

  • 5.
    Afsharnejad, Bahareh
    et al.
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Falkmer, Marita
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Black, Melissa H.
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Alach, Tasha
    Autism Association of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Lenhard, Fabian
    Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fridell, Anna
    Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Coco, Christina
    Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Milne, Kelly
    Autism Association of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Chen, Nigel T. M.
    Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Bölte, Sven
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Girdler, Sonya
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Works and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Kent street, Perth, WA, Australia.
    KONTAKT© for Australian adolescents on the autism spectrum: Protocol of a randomized control trial2019In: Trials, E-ISSN 1745-6215, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 687Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience impairing challenges in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts. While social skills group training (SSGT) has shown moderate effects on various sociability outcomes in ASD, there is a need for (1) replication of effects in additional clinical and cultural contexts, (2) designs that employ active control groups, (3) calculation of health economic benefits, (4) identification of the optimal training duration, and (5) measurement of individual goals and quality of life outcomes.

    METHOD/DESIGN:

    With the aim of investigating the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a SSGT, KONTAKT©, a two-armed randomized control trial with adolescents aged 12-17 years (N = 90) with ASD and an intelligence quotient (IQ) of over 70 will be undertaken. Following stratification for centre and gender, participants will be randomly assigned to either KONTAKT© or to an active control group, a group-based cooking programme. Participants will attend both programmes in groups of 6-8 adolescents, over 16 one-and-a-half-hour sessions. The primary outcome examined is adolescent self-rated achievement of personally meaningful social goals as assessed via the Goal Attainment Scaling during an interview with a blinded clinician. Secondary outcomes include adolescent self-reported interpersonal efficacy, quality of life, social anxiety, loneliness, face emotion recognition performance and associated gaze behaviour, and parent proxy reports of autistic traits, quality of life, social functioning, and emotion recognition and expression. Cost-effectiveness will be investigated in relation to direct and indirect societal and healthcare costs.

    DISCUSSION:

    The primary outcomes of this study will be evidenced in the anticipated achievement of adolescents' personally meaningful social goals following participation in KONTAKT© as compared to the active control group. This design will enable rigorous evaluation of the efficacy of KONTAKT©, exercising control over the possibly confounding effect of exposure to a social context of peers with a diagnosis of ASD.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION:

    Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). ACTRN12617001117303. Registered on 31 July 2017. anzctr.org.au ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03294668. Registered on 22 September 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov.

  • 6.
    Algurén, Beatrix
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare. Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden, and International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurements (ICHOM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    Ramirez, Jessily P.
    International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurements (ICHOM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    Salt, Matthew
    International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurements (ICHOM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    Sillett, Nick
    International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurements (ICHOM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    Myers, Stacie N.
    International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurements (ICHOM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    Alvarez-Cote, Albie
    International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurements (ICHOM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    Butcher, Nancy J.
    Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    Caneo, Luiz F.
    Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Cespedes, Jaime A.
    Fundacion Cardioinfantil- Instituto de Cardiologia, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
    Chaplin, John E.
    Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Ng, Kee Chong
    KK Women & Children's Hospital, Singapore.
    García-García, Juan J.
    Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
    Hazelzet, Jan A.
    Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Klassen, Anne F.
    Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
    Turquetto, Aida Luiza R.
    Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Mew, Emma J.
    Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    Morris, Michael
    Samuel Morris Foundation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and Sydney Children's Hospital Networks, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
    Offringa, Martin
    Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    O'Meara, Matthew
    NSW Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
    Papp, James M.
    Mindful Metrics, LLC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
    Rodrigo, Carlos
    Pediatrics, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Facultat de Medicina, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain.
    Switaj, Timothy L.
    U.S. Army, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    Valencia Mayer, Catalina
    Fundación CINDA - Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
    Jenkins, Kathy J.
    Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
    Development of an international standard set of patient-centred outcome measures for overall paediatric health: a consensus process2021In: Archives of Disease in Childhood, ISSN 0003-9888, E-ISSN 1468-2044, Vol. 106, no 9, p. 868-876, article id 320345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    To develop an Overall Pediatric Health Standard Set (OPH-SS) of outcome measures that captures what matters to young people and their families and recognising the biopsychosocial aspects of health for all children and adolescents regardless of health condition.

    Design

    A modified Delphi process.

    Setting

    The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement convened an international Working Group (WG) comprised of 23 international experts from 12 countries in the field of paediatrics, family medicine, psychometrics as well as patient advisors. The WG participated in 11 video-conferences, through a modified Delphi process and 9 surveys between March 2018 and January 2020 consensus was reached on a final recommended health outcome standard set. By a literature review conducted in March 2018, 1136 articles were screened for clinician and patient-reported or proxy-reported outcomes. Further, 4315 clinical trials and 12 paediatric health surveys were scanned. Between November 2019 and January 2020, the final standard set was endorsed by a patient validation (n=270) and a health professional (n=51) survey.

    Results

    From a total of 63 identified outcomes, consensus was formed on a standard set of outcome measures that comprises 10 patient-reported outcomes, 5 clinician-reported measures, and 6 case-mix variables. The four developmental age-specific packages (ie, 0–5, 6–12, 13–17, 18–24 years) include either five or six measures with an average time for completion of 20 min.

    Conclusions

    The OPH-SS is a starting point to drive value-based paediatric healthcare delivery from a global perspective for enhancing child and adolescent physical health and psychosocial well-being.

  • 7.
    Almberg, Maria
    et al.
    Mobility Centre Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Selander, Helena
    Mobility Centre Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Falkmer, Marita
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Vaz, Sharmila
    School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Ciccarelli, Marina
    School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Experiences of facilitators or barriers in driving education from learner and novice drivers with ADHD or ASD and their driving instructors2017In: Developmental Neurorehabilitation, ISSN 1751-8423, E-ISSN 1751-8431, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 59-67Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Little is known about whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) experience any specific facilitators or barriers to driving education.

    Objective: To explore the facilitators or barriers to driving education experienced by individuals with ASD or ADHD who obtained a learner’s permit, from the perspective of the learner drivers and their driving instructors.

    Methods: Data were collected from 33 participants with ASD or ADHD, and nine of their driving instructors.

    Results: Participants with ASD required twice as many driving lessons and more on-road tests than those with ADHD. Participants with ADHD repeated the written tests more than those with ASD. Driving license theory was more challenging for individuals with ADHD, whilst individuals with ASD found translating theory into practice and adjusting to “unfamiliar” driving situations to be the greatest challenges.

    Conclusion: Obtaining a driving license was associated with stressful training experience.

  • 8.
    Almqvist, Lena
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Mälardalens högskola.
    Sjöman, Madeleine
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Golsäter, Marie
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Behavioural Science and Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Children’s behavior difficulties and staff-implemented special support in Swedish preschools: Emotional and behavioral difficultiesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Crown Princess Victoria's Child and Youth Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Johansson, Peter
    Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Svensson, Erland
    Swedish Defense Research Agency, Linköping, Sweden.
    Sundell, Anna Lena
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. Centre for Oral Health. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Swedish translation and validation of the Pediatric Insomnia Severity Index2020In: BMC Pediatrics, ISSN 1471-2431, E-ISSN 1471-2431, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 253Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: To increase health and well-being in young children, it is important to acknowledge and promote the child's sleep behaviour. However, there is a lack of brief, validated sleep screening instruments for children. The aims of the study were to (1) present a Swedish translation of the PISI, (2) examine the factor structure of the Swedish version of PISI, and test the reliability and validity of the PISI factor structure in a sample of healthy children in Sweden.

    Methods: The English version of the PISI was translated into Swedish, translated back into English, and agreed upon before use. Parents of healthy 3- to 10-year-old children filled out the Swedish version of the PISI and the generic health-related quality of life instrument KIDSCREEN-27 two times. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for baseline and test-retest, structural equation modelling, and correlations between the PISI and KIDSCREEN-27 were performed.

    Results: In total, 160 parents filled out baseline questionnaires (test), whereof 100 parents (63%) filled out the follow-up questionnaires (retest). Confirmative factor analysis of the PISI found two correlated factors: sleep onset problems (SOP) and sleep maintenance problems (SMP). The PISI had substantial construct and test-retest reliability. The PISI factors were related to all KIDSCREEN-27 dimensions.

    Conclusions: The Swedish version of the PISI is applicable for screening sleep problems and is a useful aid in dialogues with families about sleep. 

  • 10.
    Antoniadou, Marianna
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication.
    Strategies of Professionals in Pediatric Rehabilitation for Engaging the Child in the Intervention Process: A Scoping Literature Review2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 11.
    Antoniadou, Marianna
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Department of Mental Health, Norway University of Natural Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Andersson, Anna Karin
    CHILD, Academy of health and welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden.
    Strategies used by professionals in pediatric rehabilitation to engage the child in the intervention process: A scoping review2024In: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, ISSN 0194-2638, E-ISSN 1541-3144Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To investigate strategies used by professionals in pediatric rehabilitation to engage children in every step of the intervention process, including assessment, goal setting, planning and implementation of the intervention, and results evaluation.

    METHODS: A scoping literature review was conducted, and seven databases were searched, including CINAHL and MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, Social Science Premium Collection, PubMed, and Web of Science. A citation search of included articles was completed. Predetermined criteria, quality standards, and PIO framework guided the selection process. Results were presented in relation to Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and the contextual model of therapeutic change.

    RESULTS: In total, 20 studies were included in the review. Pediatric professionals reported that therapeutic use of self and their own engagement in the intervention facilitated the establishment of a supportive relationship. Providing clear explanations about their role and therapy rationale developed positive expectations. By making the child feel successful within-session and outside-session activities, professionals enhanced child mastery. Professionals' strategies were abstractly described.

    CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to investigate strategies that are effective in the different steps of the intervention. More observational, longitudinal studies are required to capture fluctuations in in-session engagement.

  • 12.
    Arvidsson, Patrik
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden.
    Dada, Shakila
    Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Imms, Christine
    Centre for Disability and Development Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
    Bornman, Juan
    Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
    Elliott, Catherine
    School of Occupational Therapy, Speech pathology and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Huus, Karina
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Content validity and usefulness of Picture My Participation for measuring participation in children with and without intellectual disability in South Africa and Sweden2020In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 1103-8128, E-ISSN 1651-2014, Vol. 27, no 5, p. 336-348Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Participation comprises attendance and involvement in everyday situations. Picture My Participation (PmP) is an instrument intended to measure participation in children with disabilities, particularly in low and middle income countries.

    Aim: To investigate content validity and usefulness of PmP for measuring participation in children with intellectual disability (ID) in South Africa and Sweden.

    Methods: A picture supported interview with 149 children, 6?18 years, with and without ID. Twenty everyday activities were provided. The three most important activities were selected by the child. Attendance was rated on all activities. Involvement was rated on the most important.

    Results: All activities were selected as important by at least one child with ID in both countries. There were similarities in perceived importance between the children with and without ID from South Africa. The children from South Africa with ID were the only subgroup that used all scale points for rating attendance and involvement.

    Conclusion: The 20 selected activities of PmP were especially relevant for children with ID in South Africa. The usefulness of the scales was higher for the children with ID in both countries. PmP is promising for assessing participation across different settings but psychometrical properties and clinical utility need further exploration.

  • 13.
    Arvidsson, Patrik
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Centre for Research & Development, Uppsala University, Gävleborg, Sweden.
    Dada, Shakila
    Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Imms, Christine
    Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medical, Dental and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
    Shi, Lin Jun
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, China.
    Kang, Lin Ju
    Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
    Hwang, Ai-Wen
    Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
    Huus, Karina
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Structural validity and internal consistency of Picture My Participation: A measure for children with disability2021In: African Journal of Disability, ISSN 2226-7220, Vol. 10, article id a763Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Picture My Participation (PMP) intended to measure participation, defined as attendance and involvement in everyday situations, of children with disabilities, particularly in low- and middle-income settings.

    Objectives: To explore structural validity of PMP by identifying possible subcomponents in the attendance scale and examining internal consistency of the total score and each subcomponent.

    Method: A picture-supported interview was conducted with 182 children, 7–18 years, with and without intellectual disability (ID). Frequency of attendance in 20 activities was rated on a four-point Likert scale (never, seldom, sometimes and always).

    Results: An exploratory principal component analysis extracted four subcomponents: (1) organised activities, (2) social activities and taking care of others, (3) family life activities and 4) personal care and development activities. Internal consistency for the total scale (alpha = 0.85) and the first two subcomponents (alpha = 0.72 and 0.75) was acceptable. The two last subcomponents alpha values were 0.57 and 0.49.

    Conclusion: The four possible subcomponents of PMP can be used to provide information about possible domains in which participation and participation restrictions exist. This study provided further psychometric evidence about PMP as a measure of participation. The stability and the utility of these subcomponents needed further exploration.

  • 14.
    Asif, M.
    et al.
    Department of Statistics, Govt. Degree College, Qadir Pur Raan, Multan, Pakistan.
    Aslam, M.
    Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
    Khan, S.
    Department of Preventive Pediatrics, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan.
    Altaf, S.
    Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
    Ahmad, S.
    Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
    Qasim, Muhammad
    Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Economics, Finance and Statistics.
    Ali, H.
    Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College, Qadir Pur Raan, Multan, Pakistan.
    Wyszyńska, J.
    Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, ul. Kopisto 2a, Rzeszów, 35-959, Poland.
    Developing Neck Circumference Growth Reference Charts for Pakistani Children and Adolescents Using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) and Quantile Regression Method2021In: Public Health Nutrition, ISSN 1368-9800, E-ISSN 1475-2727, Vol. 24, no 17, p. 5641-5649Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Neck circumference (NC) is currently used as an embryonic marker of obesity and its associated risks. But its use in clinical evaluations and other epidemiological purposes requires sex and age-specific standardized cut-offs which are still scarce for the Pakistani pediatric population. We therefore developed sex and age-specific growth reference charts for NC for Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2-18 years.

    Design: Cross-sectional multi-ethnic anthropometric survey (MEAS) study.

    Setting: Multan, Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad.

    Participants: The dataset of 10,668 healthy Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years collected in MEAS were used. Information related to age, sex and NC were taken as study variables. The lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) and quantile regression (QR) methods were applied to develop growth reference charts for NC.

    Results: The 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th smoothed percentile values of NC were presented. The centile values showed that neck size increased with age in both boys and girls. During 8 and 14 years of age, girls were found to have larger NC than boys. A comparison of NC median (50th) percentile values with references from Iranian and Turkish populations reveals substantially lower NC percentiles in Pakistani children and adolescents compared to their peers in the reference population.

    Conclusion: The comparative results suggest that the uses of NC references of developed countries are inadequate for Pakistani children. A small variability between empirical centiles and centiles obtained by QR procedure recommends that growth charts should be constructed by QR as an alternative method.

  • 15.
    Augustine, Lilly
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Bjereld, Ylva
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Turner, Russel
    Gothenburg University, Sweden.
    How is disability and bullying victimization related to psychosomatic complaints? A crosssectional study on Swedish children2020In: 12th Excellence in Pediatrics Conference – 2020: Book of Abstracts, Cogent Medicine, 7:1, 1848781, Taylor & Francis, 2020, p. 18-19Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Axelsson, Anna Karin
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    The role of the external personal assistants for children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities working in the children's home2015In: JARID: Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities, ISSN 1360-2322, E-ISSN 1468-3148, Vol. 28, no 3, p. 201-211Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities need support to function in an optimal way. However, there is a limited knowledge about the role of external personal assistants working in the children's home. Materials and Methods A mixed method study was performed including qualitative data from interviews with 11 Swedish parents and nine external personal assistants and quantitative data from questionnaires answered by 60 families. Results For the child, the assistant's role was one of reinforcing, meaning supportive and empowering, and the child needed a high level of assistance. For the family, the role was one of balancing and the external personal assistant was more often found to assist in activities away from home while parents tended to assist within home and in family unit activities. Conclusion In planning and implementation of external assistance, the child's needs as well as considerations of the whole family should be regarded.

  • 17.
    Axelsson, Anna Karin
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Ullenhag, Anna
    Academy of Health, Care and Welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden.
    Ödman, Pia
    Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
    A Swedish cultural adaptation of the participation questionnaire Functional Scale of the Disability Evaluation System - Child version2022In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 44, no 9, p. 1720-1727Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose 

    The aim was to culturally validate a questionnaire about children's/youth's participation to be used in a Swedish context.

    Methods

    FUNDES-Child, based on the well-established CASP, was chosen. Questions about engagement and hindering factors were added to the existing questions about frequency and independence in 20 activity areas. Using a qualitative, explorative design, 16 interviews with children/youths/caregivers were made to explore opinions about the questionnaire. Follow-up interviews confirmed the result of the revised questionnaire. Qualitative content analysis was performed.

    Results

    The interviews provided support for the questionnaire's relevance by being a tool to assess important aspects of participation, to gain insights into one's own/the child's participation, and to promote ideas about what causes the degree of participation. To achieve comprehensiveness, no activity area was found to be missing nor superfluous. However, some examples were needed to be modified where "parades" are unusual in Sweden and therefore removed, while "singing in choir" was added. In search for comprehensibility, opinions about the layout of the first version were raised and a varying degree of understanding of wording and concepts were found and thus taken into account.

    Conclusions

    The questionnaire can be used for establishing meaningful goals and to potentially increase children's participation.

    Implications for rehabilitation

    • Participation is of great importance for children's functioning, well-being, and development.
    • Cultural validation of well-established participation questionnaires is a priority and questions about important aspects of participation need to be included.
    • Interviews with children/youth and caregivers guided revisions to reach relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the Swedish FUNDES-Child (FUNDES II-SE).
    • Children/youths, caregivers, and others may increase their awareness concerning the child's/youth's participation by responding to the questionnaire.
  • 18.
    Backman, Ellen
    et al.
    School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Sweden.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue).
    Karlsson, Ann-Kristin
    Department of Research and Development, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Documentation of everyday life and health care following gastrostomy tube placement in children: a content analysis of medical records2020In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 42, no 19, p. 2747-2757Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Everyday routines play a vital role in child functioning and development. This study explored health professionals' documentation of everyday life and health care during the first year following gastrostomy tube placement in children and the content of intervention goals.

    METHODS: The medical records of 39 children (median age 38 months, min-max: 15-192) in one region of Sweden were analysed. A content analysis approach was used with an inductive qualitative analysis supplemented by a deductive, quantitative analysis of documented intervention goals following the ICF-CY.

    RESULTS: One overall theme, "Seeking a balance", captured the view of life with a gastrostomy and the health care provided. Two categories, "Striving for physical health" and "Depicting everyday life" with seven sub-categories, captured the key aspects of the documentation. Twenty-one children (54%) had intervention goals related to the gastrostomy, and these goals primarily focused on the ICF-CY component "Body functions".

    CONCLUSIONS: To some extent the medical records reflected different dimensions of everyday life, but the intervention goals clearly focused on bodily aspects. Understanding how health care for children using a gastrostomy is documented and planned by applying an ecocultural framework adds a valuable perspective and can contribute to family-centred interventions for children using a gastrostomy. Implications for Rehabilitation There is a need for increased awareness in healthcare professionals for a more consistent and holistic healthcare approach in the management of children with gastrostomy tube feeding. This study suggests that an expanded focus on children's participation in everyday mealtimes and in the healthcare follow-up of gastrostomy tube feeding is important in enhancing the intervention outcome. Multidisciplinary teams with a shared bio-psycho-social understanding of health would contribute to a situation in which the everyday lives of households adapt to living with gastrostomy. Routine care for children with gastrostomy should follow a checklist combining crucial physiological aspects of gastrostomy tube feeding with seemingly mundane family functions in order to achieve a successful gastrostomy tube feeding intervention.

  • 19.
    Backman, Ellen
    et al.
    Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden; Region Halland, Kungsbacka, Sweden.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Karlsson, Ann-Kristin
    Region Halland, Kungsbacka, Sweden.
    Parental perspectives on family mealtimes related to gastrostomy tube feeding in children2021In: Qualitative Health Research, ISSN 1049-7323, E-ISSN 1552-7557, Vol. 31, no 9, p. 1596-1608Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Built on the important functions daily routines serve families and child health, this study aimed to explore parents' descriptions of mealtimes and food-related challenges when living with a child using a gastrostomy feeding tube. The study was informed by ecocultural theory and based on in-depth interviews combined with stimulated recall. The interviews of 10 parents were inductively analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis. Four main categories comprised the parents' descriptions: "One situation, different functions," "On the child's terms," "Doing something to me," and "An unpredictable pattern," with one overarching theme. The analyses showed that the parents strived to establish mealtimes in line with their cultural context, although they struggled to reach a point of satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of health care professionals to address the medical aspects of caring for a child with a G-tube, but also the potential psychological and social consequences for ordinary family life.

  • 20.
    Barka, Anna
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication.
    Effective Physical Therapy Methods For Improving Postural Control In Children Diagnosed With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate which physical therapy methods are most effective for improving the postural control in children and adolescents diagnosed with CP, in order to provide to physical therapists with new evidence on the topic for integrating them in theirs intervention plans.

    METHOD: A systematic literature review was conducted in order to collect all the relevant information according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Five databases (PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL, Web of science and Scopus) were used to identify relevant studies to include in this review. Keywords included “physical therapy”, “postural control”, “cerebral palsy” and their synonyms. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were settled according to the research question.

    RESULTS: Following the exclusion and inclusion criteria and after the quality assessment of the yielded data 11 articles were included in this review out of 97 of the initial search. PT interventions that were identified in the review included aquatic physical therapy, electrical stimulation therapy, intensive upper- and lower-extremity training (HABIT-ILE), virtual reality therapy and reactive balance exercise and standard PT combined with other methods such as backward walking training, Whole Body Vibration (WBV) training and antigravity treadmill training.

    CONCLUSION: In order to achieve improvements in postural control that are maintained over a period of time, children with cerebral palsy need to have PT included in their everyday routine and to have consistency in their sessions. All the PT interventions showed some positive effects on PC but, as Cerebral Palsy has many classifications and the effects of it varies for each child the PT method needs to be adjusted  to meet each child´s individual characteristics and disability and also to their environmental needs.

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  • 21.
    Bixo Ottosson, Anna
    et al.
    Department of Internal Medicine, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.
    Åkesson, Karin
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare. Department of Paediatrics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Ilvered, Rosita
    Department of Paediatrics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Forsander, Gun
    Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Särnblad, Stefan
    Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.
    Self-care management of type 1 diabetes has improved in Swedish schools according to children and adolescents2017In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 106, no 12, p. 1987-1993Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Age-appropriate support for diabetes self-care is essential during school time, and we investigated the perceived quality of support children and adolescents received in 2015 and 2008.

    Methods: This national study was based on questionnaires answered by children and adolescents aged 6–15 years of age with type 1 diabetes attending schools or preschools in 2008 (n = 317) and 2015 (n = 570) and separate parental questionnaires. The subjects were recruited by Swedish paediatric diabetes units, with 41/44 taking part in 2008 and 41/42 in 2015.

    Results: Fewer participants said they were treated differently in school because of their diabetes in 2015 than 2008. The opportunity to perform insulin boluses and glucose monitoring in privacy increased (80% versus 88%; p < 0.05). Most (83%) adolescents aged 13–15 years were satisfied with the support they received, but levels were lower in girls (p < 0.05). More subjects had hypoglycaemia during school hours (84% versus 70%, p < 0.001), but hypoglycaemia support did not increase and was lower for adolescents than younger children (p < 0.001).

    Conclusion: Children and adolescents received more support for type 1 diabetes in Swedish schools in 2015 than 2008, but more support is needed by girls and during hypoglycaemia. 

  • 22.
    Björklund, Ann-Christin
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Darcy, Laura
    Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
    Santacroce, Sheila Judge
    School of Nursing and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Department of Mental Health, Norwegian Natural science and Technology Unversity, Trondheim, Norway.
    Björk, Maria
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Individual patterns of problems with participation, activity, body function and environment in everyday life for children who completed brain tumor treatment2023In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 45, no 23, p. 3841-3851Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The study purpose was to, with the help of ICF and the CPS model, describe and explain patterns of co-occurring problems with participation in everyday life activities, body functioning and environment for children who completed brain tumor treatment.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospital, habilitation and school records for nine children (5-11 yrs.) diagnosed with brain tumor, were retrospectively reviewed for everyday problems after treatment completion. These problems were linked to ICF codes. Median code distribution within ICF constructs participation, body function, body structure, activity, and environment were calculated to generate typical (close to median) and atypical (distant from median) patterns of problems on individual and group levels. Two children were in-depth analyzed with collaborative problem-solving (CPS) model to identify participation problems and plausible explanations.

    RESULTS: In total, 4543 ICF linked codes revealed similarities and differences between individuals. The selected child-cases displayed educational challenges and peer-relational problems. The ICF codes related to activity, body function and environment revealed plausible explanations for the children's documented problems with participation in everyday life.

    CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ICF and CPS can provide a comprehensive view of the child's problems and guide development of participation in everyday life-focused interventions for children treated for brain tumors.Implications for rehabilitationCare should be guided by interventions and support directed at individual children and their everyday life.The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework can support identification of the individual child's patterns of problems and how these affects the child's everyday life.It is recommended to start by identifying participation problems when using ICF to identify and describe problems in children's natural settings.The collaborative problem-solving model can guide healthcare, habilitation and school services when identifying and acting on typical and atypical problem patterns experienced by these children.

  • 23.
    Björklund, Ann-Christin
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Santacroce, S. J.
    Enskär, Karin
    Malmö University.
    Björk, Maria
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    The documentation of everyday functioning in children with brain tumors in medical care, habilitation services and school – is there a coherent description?2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Björklund, Ann-Christin
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Santacroce, Sheila Judge
    Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
    Enskär, Karin
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Björk, Maria
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    The Documentation of Everyday Functioning in Children with Brain Tumors in Medical Care, Habilitation Services and School - is There a Coherent Description?2019In: Pediatric Blood & Cancer, ISSN 1545-5009, E-ISSN 1545-5017, Vol. 66, no 4, SI, p. S437-S437Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Björkman, Berit
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Natural Science and Biomedicine. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Enskär, Karin
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Nilsson, Stefan
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg.
    Children's and parents' perceptions of care during the peri-radiographic process when the child is seen for a suspected fracture2016In: Radiography, ISSN 1078-8174, E-ISSN 1532-2831, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 71-76Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Visiting a Radiology department may elicit both positive and negative feelings for children and parents alike. This study investigated children's and parents' perceptions of care during the peri-radiographic process and whether these perceptions correlated with the child's perceptions of pain and distress.

    Methods

    This study utilized a quantitative descriptive design. Its data was collected in five Radiology departments, two where examinations are performed exclusively on children and three that treat both children and adults. Data collection contained questionnaires from children (n = 110) and their parent (n = 110) as well as children's self-reports of pain and distress.

    Results

    The findings illustrated that the children and their parent were satisfied with the care provided throughout the peri-radiographic process, unrelated to the child's self-reported levels of pain and distress or examination setting (i.e. children's department or general department). The highest scores of satisfaction were ascribed to “the radiographer's kindness and ability to help in a sufficient way,” whereas “available time to ask questions and to meet the child's emotional needs” received the lowest scores.

    Conclusions

    Parents and children alike perceived the radiographers as skilled and sensitive throughout the examination, while radiographers' time allocated to interacting with the child was not perceived be sufficiently covered.

  • 26.
    Björkman, Berit
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Natural Science and Biomedicine. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Fridell, Kent
    Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tavakol Olofsson, Parvin
    Vårdförbundet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Plausible scenarios for the radiography profession in Sweden in 20252017In: Radiography, ISSN 1078-8174, E-ISSN 1532-2831, Vol. 23, no 4, p. 314-320Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Radiography is a healthcare speciality with many technical challenges. Advances in engineering and information technology applications may continue to drive and be driven by radiographers. The world of diagnostic imaging is changing rapidly and radiographers must be proactive in order to survive. To ensure sustainable development, organisations have to identify future opportunities and threats in a timely manner and incorporate them into their strategic planning. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyse and describe plausible scenarios for the radiography profession in 2025.

    Method: The study has a qualitative design with an inductive approach based on focus group interviews. The interviews were inspired by the Scenario-Planning method.

    Results: Of the seven trends identified in a previous study, the radiographers considered two as the most uncertain scenarios that would have the greatest impact on the profession should they occur. These trends, labelled "Access to career advancement" and "A sufficient number of radiographers", were inserted into the scenario cross. The resulting four plausible future scenarios were: The happy radiographer, the specialist radiographer, the dying profession and the assembly line.

    Conclusion: It is suggested that "The dying profession" scenario could probably be turned in the opposite direction by facilitating career development opportunities for radiographers within the profession. Changing the direction would probably lead to a profession composed of "happy radiographers" who are specialists, proud of their profession and competent to carry out advanced tasks, in contrast to being solely occupied by "the assembly line".

  • 27.
    Black, Melissa H.
    et al.
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    Vaz, Sharmila
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    Parsons, Richard
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    Tang, Julia S. Y.
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    Morris, Susan
    School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    Lee, Hoe
    Falkmer, Marita
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    Disembedding performance and eye gaze behavior of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder2019In: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, ISSN 1750-9467, E-ISSN 1878-0237, Vol. 66, article id 101417Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Atypical visual perception in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks. Gaze behavior has provided some insights in to mechanisms underlying this purported superiority in children, however evidence is limited and requires additional investigation.

    Method: The performance and gaze behavior of 27 adolescents with ASD and 27 matched typically developing (TD) peers were examined during the Figure Ground Subtest of the Test of Visual Perception Skills-third edition (TVPS-3).

    Results: Compared to their TD counterparts, adolescents with ASD were no different in accuracy, however, had a longer response time. Differences in gaze behavior were also observed, characterized by adolescents with ASD spending less time viewing the incorrect and target figures, and spending a greater proportion of time viewing irrelevant areas of the stimuli compared to TD adolescents.

    Conclusions: Results suggest that while altered visual perception was observed, this did not contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks in adolescents with ASD. Future research is required to elucidate conditions under which altered visual perception may contribute to behavioral superiority. 

  • 28.
    Bonin, Maria
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Psychosocial Support Around Death, Dying, and Grief for Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Pediatric Palliative Care: An Empirical Study2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Many children with life-limiting health conditions in pediatric palliative care have cognitive impairments or intellectual disabilities (ID). They are confronted with their own death and need adapted psychosocial support. The assumption that children with ID might not understand death and dying can lead to limited support. Little is known about psychosocial support in pediatric palliative care around death, dying, and grief for this population. The study aimed to capture professionals' experiences in supporting children with ID in pediatric palliative care around topics of death, dying, and grief. Seven professionals who worked in pediatric palliative care in Germany were interviewed utilizing a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was used, and three major themes were identified: Communication about death and dying involves both verbal and non-verbal means, Child-centered interventions are employed to enhance the child's well-being, and Personal factors of involved individuals influence the support provision. The provided support was highly individualized to children's needs. Communication difficulties were identified as a challenge for professionals when providing psychosocial support for children with ID. Children's health condition and functioning, parents' beliefs, and professionals' attitudes towards ID and uncertainty about children's needs were identified as crucial factors influencing support provision for children with ID. The need for further research was highlighted.

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  • 29.
    Bonthrone, Alexandra F.
    et al.
    Clinical Systems Neuroscience Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
    Morgan, Angela T.
    Speech and Language Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
    Mankad, Kshitij
    Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
    Clark, Christopher A.
    Clinical Systems Neuroscience Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
    Liégeois, Frédérique J.
    Clinical Systems Neuroscience Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
    Attention and motor profiles in children with developmental coordination disorder: A neuropsychological and neuroimaging investigation2024In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 66, no 3, p. 362-378Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: This study aimed to (1) quantify attention and executive functioning in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), (2) assess whether some children with DCD are more likely to show attention difficulties, and (3) characterize brain correlates of motor and attention deficits.

    METHOD: Fifty-three children (36 with DCD and 17 without) aged 8 to 10 years underwent T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and standardized attention and motor assessments. Parents completed questionnaires of executive functioning and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity. We assessed regional cortical thickness and surface area, and cerebellar, callosal, and primary motor tract structure.

    RESULTS: Analyses of covariance and one-sample t-tests identified impaired attention, non-motor processing speed, and executive functioning in children with DCD, yet partial Spearman's rank correlation coefficients revealed these were unrelated to one another or the type or severity of the motor deficit. Robust regression analyses revealed that cortical morphology in the posterior cingulate was associated with both gross motor skills and inattentive symptoms in children with DCD, while gross motor skills were also associated with left corticospinal tract (CST) morphology.

    INTERPRETATION: Children with DCD may benefit from routine attention and hyperactivity assessments. Alterations in the posterior cingulate and CST may be linked to impaired forward modelling during movements in children with DCD. Overall, alterations in these regions may explain the high rate of non-motor impairments in children with DCD.

  • 30.
    Börjesson, Lisa
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science.
    Chapman, Louise
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science.
    Omvårdnad och amningsutfall hos barn som inte går upp i vikt de första levnadsveckorna: En retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 40 credits / 60 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrunden till examensarbetet var att vårdpersonal ska arbeta för att främja amning och för detta arbete behövs tydliga riktlinjer. Syftet med examensarbetet var att beskriva och jämföra omvårdnad och amningsutfall hos ammande barn som inte gick upp i vikt under sina första levnadsveckor. Metoden för arbetet var en retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie där ett extraktionsprotokoll användes för att komma fram till resultatet. I studien inkluderades totalt 144 barn som vårdats inneliggande på barn- eller neonatalavdelning under perioden juli 2016 till juli 2019. Resultatet från studien visade att de flesta barn tillmatades med bröstmjölk och modersmjölksersättning via antingen bröst eller ventrikelsond samt att andelen barn som helammade var låg. Vidare visade studien att faktorer som minskade oddsen för helamning i samband med utskrivning var tillmatning med nappflaska, användande av modersmjölksersättning eller om barnen om barnets kön var en pojke. Slutsatsen var att barnen i första hand bör tillmatas via ventrikelsond då behov av tillägg utöver amning finns och att bröstmjölk bör vara förstahandsval vid tillmatning eftersom det främjar den fortsatta amningen. Barnsjuksköterskans roll för att främja amningen är att ge en god omvårdnad av barnet och fngera som ett stöd för mamman.

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  • 31.
    Carlberg, Louise
    et al.
    Hälsa och Habilitering, Region Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Achievement and participation in schools for young adolescents with self-reported neuropsychiatric disabilities: A cross-sectional study from the Southern part of Sweden2019In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 47, no 2, p. 199-206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Schools are expected to be an environment where children can reach their fullest potential and develop their talents, personality, as well as their mental and physical abilities. Children with disabilities often have restricted participation and lower achievement in school. The aim is to investigate if there are any differences in participation and achievement in school between adolescents, with and without self-reported neuropsychiatric disabilities, and to explore the relations between achievement and participation. 

    Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on data collected from 1520 adolescents in the sixth and seventh grade, from the south of Sweden. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to explore the relationship between having a neuropsychiatric disability, with participation and achievement, and how different factors affected this relationship. 

    Results: Having a self-reported neuropsychiatric disability increases the likelihood of having restricted participation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99–4.23) and lower achievement in school (AOR: 2.94; 95% CI: 2.06–4.24). These adolescents were also more likely to have negative relationships to their teachers, be bullied, have poorer connectedness to their parents, come from families with less money, be trying drugs and be male, in comparison to the adolescents without a neuropsychiatric disability. The odds of having lower achievement increased with lower engagement and absenteeism from class. 

    Conclusions: Adolescents with self-reported neuropsychiatric disabilities have a disadvantaged situation in school, and are exposed to factors that could have long-term negative effects. More longitudinal research is required to conclude what factors are causing restricted participation and low achievement.

  • 32.
    Carlsson, Noomi
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Johansson, AnnaKarin
    Department of Medicine and Health, Division of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Abrahamsson, Agneta
    Department of Health and Society, University College of Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden.
    Andersson-Gäre, Boel
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Quality Improvement and Leadership in Health and Welfare. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare.
    How to minimize children's environmental tobacco smoke exposure: an intervention in a clinical setting in high risk areas2013In: BMC Pediatrics, ISSN 1471-2431, E-ISSN 1471-2431, Vol. 13, no 76Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Despite the low prevalence of daily smokers in Sweden, children are still being exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), primarily by their smoking parents. A prospective intervention study using methods from Quality Improvement was performed in Child Health Care (CHC). The aim was to provide nurses with new methods for motivating and supporting parents in their efforts to protect children from ETS exposure. METHOD: Collaborative learning was used to implement and test an intervention bundle. Twenty-two CHC nurses recruited 86 families with small children which had at least one smoking parent. Using a bundle of interventions, nurses met and had dialogues with the parents over a one-year period. A detailed questionnaire on cigarette consumption and smoking policies in the home was answered by the parents at the beginning and at the end of the intervention, when children also took urine tests to determine cotinine levels. RESULTS: Seventy-two families completed the study. Ten parents (11%) quit smoking. Thirty-two families (44%) decreased their cigarette consumption. Forty-five families (63%) were outdoor smokers at follow up. The proportion of children with urinary cotinine values of >6 ng/ml had decreased. CONCLUSION: The intensified tobacco prevention in CHC improved smoking parents' ability to protect their children from ETS exposure.

  • 33.
    Castor, C.
    et al.
    Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Björk, Maria
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Bai, J.
    Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
    Berlin, H.
    Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Kristjansdottir, G.
    Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Kristjansdottir, O.
    Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Hansson, H.
    Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Höök, A.
    Division of Anaesthetics and Sensory Organs Speciality Surgery, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
    Stenström, P.
    Department of Pediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Nilsson, S.
    Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Psychometric evaluation of the electronic faces thermometer scale for pain assessment in children 8–17 years old: A study protocol2023In: Paediatric and Neonatal Pain, E-ISSN 2637-3807, Vol. 5, no 4, p. 99-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is often a challenge for a child to communicate their pain, and their possibilities to do so should be strengthened in healthcare settings. Digital self-assessment provides a potential solution for person-centered care in pain management and promotes child participation when a child is ill. A child's perception of pain assessment differs when it is assessed using digital or analog formats. As we move into the digital era, there is an urgent need to validate digital pain assessment tools, including the newly developed electronic Faces Thermometer Scale (eFTS). This study protocol describes three studies with the overall aim to evaluate psychometric properties of the eFTS for assessing pain in children 8?17?years of age. A multi-site project design combining quantitative and qualitative methods will be used for three observational studies. Study 1: 100 Swedish-speaking children will report the level of anticipated pain from vignettes describing painful situations in four levels of pain and a think-aloud method will be used for data collection. Data will be analyzed with phenomenography as well as descriptive and comparative statistics. Study 2: 600 children aged 8?17?years at pediatric and dental settings in Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, and USA will be included. Children will assess their pain intensity due to medical or dental procedures, surgery, or acute pain using three different pain Scales for each time point; the eFTS, the Faces Pain Scale Revised, and the Coloured Analogue Scale. Descriptive and comparative statistics will be used, with subanalysis taking cultural context into consideration. Study 3: A subgroup of 20 children out of these 600 children will be purposely included in an interview to describe experiences of grading their own pain using the eFTS. Qualitative data will be analyzed with content analysis. Our pilot studies showed high level of adherence to the study procedure and rendered only a small revision of background questionnaires. Preliminary analysis indicated that the instruments are adequate to be used by children and that the analysis plan is feasible. A digital pain assessment tool contributes to an increase in pain assessment in pediatric care. The Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions in healthcare supports a thorough development of a new scale. By evaluating psychometric properties in several settings by both qualitative and quantitative methods, the eFTS will become a well-validated tool to strengthen the child's voice within healthcare.

  • 34.
    Cekaite, Asta
    et al.
    Child studies, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Bergnéhr, Disa
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. SALVE (Social challenges, Actors, Living conditions, reseach VEnue). Department of Teacher Training, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
    Affectionate touch and care: embodied intimacy, compassion and control in early childhood education2018In: European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, ISSN 1350-293X, E-ISSN 1752-1807, Vol. 26, no 6, p. 940-955Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Relational care, interpersonal intimacy and emotional attunement are crucial for children's development and wellbeing in ECEC. The present study examines how they are enacted in a Swedish preschool (for 1-5-year-olds) through recurrent adult-child physical conduct, i.e. affectionate and affectionate-controlling touch. The data consist of 24 hours of video-recorded observations of everyday activities. The study shows that educators' Affectionate-Comforting touch was used for emotion regulation as compassionate response to children's distress; Amicable touch engaged children in spontaneous affection; and, Affectionate-Controlling touch was used to mildly control and direct the child's bodily conduct and participation in preschool activities, or to mitigate the educators' verbal disciplining. The study demonstrates the emotional complexity of ECEC enacted through the practices of haptic sociality. It supports the holistic policies arguing that embodied relational care should be integrated in ECEC, contrary to ideas that connect professionalism with emotional distance and lack of physical contact.

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  • 35.
    Cekaite, Asta
    et al.
    Child studies, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Bergnéhr, Disa
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work.
    Affectionate touch and care: embodied intimacy, compassion and control in early childhood education2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Relational care, interpersonal intimacy and emotional attunement are crucial for children’s development and wellbeing in ECEC. This study examines how they are enacted in a Swedish preschool (1 to 5-year-olds) through recurrent adult-child touch. Research shows that tactile caregiver – child contact is essential for development and wellbeing. However studies on touch in preschools are scarce. Theories on care, intimacy and embodiment inform the study. Care implies to protect, nurture and train. It is relational, depending on the one-caring as well as the cared-for (Nodding). The study is informed by theories of care and sociocultural perspectives. It is based on video-ethnography (35 hours) of naturally occurring preschool activities. Data were coded into: teacher – child touch and functions of touch. Written consent was obtained from parents and teachers. The person video-recording was sensitive to children’s reactions, and stopped when there were signs of discomfort. The study shows that educators’ Affectionate-Comforting touch was used for emotion regulation as compassionate response to children’s distress, amicable touch engaged children in spontaneous affection. Affectionate-Controlling touches mildly controlled and directed the child’s participation in preschool activities, or mitigated verbal disciplining. They were instrumental as compassionate acts that sustained positive relations in potentially challenging situations. The study supports the holistic policies arguing that embodied relational care should be integrated in ECEC, since they provide a fruitful connection between intimacy based social relations children experience in families, and in early childhood education, in contrast to ideas that connect professionalism with emotional distance and lack of physical contact.

  • 36.
    Coci, Anamaria Ioana
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Health and functioning in everyday life of children who completed a brain tumor treatment: A longitudinal analysis on professionals’ records2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Children who have survived a brain tumor often experience late consequences as a result of the tumor itself, and/or treatment. The child’s ability to engage in daily activities may be restricted by these late consequences. Examples of these late consequences are challenges with their activity levels and engagement in daily activities. Therefore, it is important to study these children’s late consequences over time. The aim of the thesis is to use data from medical and school records linked to ICF, to investigate how the participation problems/ restrictions of children that completed cancer directed treatment for a brain tumor tend to occur simultaneously with codes from other ICF components, over time. For the present research the inclusion criteria were children that were followed by the habilitation service, school and health care for at least 4 years after completing their brain tumor treatment. Seven children were included in the study. For each child, records were obtained from habilitation, school and health care and a complete retrospective screening was conducted between February 2022 and April 2022. Problems in relation to everyday life were identified and linked to ICF codes and domains. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data, in order to see the re-occurrences of the ICF domains during the time and observe the trajectory and intensity of the problems. The results revealed that the problems linked to body functions were the most frequently mentioned ICF domain by all three services as well as over time. Problems over time related to activity and participation were less focused and little emphasis were focused on problems related to the environment. The pattern over time was very individual. In order to more prominent focus on the child’s everyday functioning, follow-up guidelines should also include the child's functioning in everyday life, and not only areas related to body function. To conclude, when caring for these children, it is important to also focus on the child’s function in everyday life and to individualize the care since the pattern of problems over time seems to be very individual.

  • 37.
    Cohen-Holzer, Marilyn
    et al.
    Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Center, Alyn Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
    Katz-Leurer, Michal
    Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Center, Alyn Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
    Meyer, Shirley
    Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Center, Alyn Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Center for Rehabilitation, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Parush, Shula
    School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine of Hadassah and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
    The effect of bimanual training with or without constraint on hand functions in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: A non-randomized clinical trial2017In: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, ISSN 0194-2638, E-ISSN 1541-3144, Vol. 37, no 5, p. 516-527Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim:

    To compare the effect of bimanual training with or without constraint on manual functions in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP).

    Methods:

    Seventeen children aged 6–11 years with UCP participated in one of two intensive therapeutic camps: bimanual (n = 9) incorporating one hour of constraint (“Hybrid”) or Bimanual (n = 8). Each camp met for 2 weeks, 5 days per week for 6 hours each day. The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and the Jebsen Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF) examined bimanual and unimanual functions pre, post- and 3-months post-intervention.

    Results:

    A significant improvement was noted in AHA scores for both groups between the pre-, post- and three months post-intervention [Hybrid (F2; 16 = 85.5, p < 0.01); Bimanual (F2; 16 = 15.4, p < 0.01)] with no significant differences between groups over time (F2; 30 = 0.74, p = 0.48). For the JTTHF, a significant improvement was noted in the affected hand following the Hybrid program (F2; 30 = 7.45, p = 0.01), while following the Bimanual program a significant difference was noted only in the less-affected hand (F2; 16 = 6.02, p < 0.01].

    Conclusion:

    Both interventions Hybrid and Bimanual were similarly effective for improving use of the affected hand in bimanual tasks. The unique contribution of each intervention, the Hybrid program on the affected and the Bimanual on the less-affected side, warrants further examination.

  • 38.
    Cosma, Alina
    et al.
    Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    Bjereld, Ylva
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Elgar, Frank J.
    Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
    Richardson, Clive
    Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece.
    Bilz, Ludwig
    Department of Health Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany.
    Craig, Wendy
    Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
    Augustine, Lilly
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Molcho, Michal
    Discipline of Children's Studies, School of Education, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
    Malinowska-Cieślik, Marta
    Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
    Walsh, Sophie D.
    Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
    Gender Differences in Bullying Reflect Societal Gender Inequality: A Multilevel Study With Adolescents in 46 Countries2022In: Journal of Adolescent Health, ISSN 1054-139X, E-ISSN 1879-1972, Vol. 71, no 5, p. 601-608Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors and (2) to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors.

    Methods: Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were measured in 11-year-olds to 15-year-olds in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 200,423). We linked individual data to national gender inequality (Gender Inequality Index, 2018) in 46 countries and tested their association using mixed-effects (multilevel) logistic regression models.

    Results: Large cross-national variations were observed in gender differences in bullying. Boys had higher odds of perpetrating both traditional and cyberbullying and victimization by traditional bullying than girls. Greater gender inequality at country level was associated with heightened gender differences in traditional bullying. In contrast, lower gender inequality was associated with larger gender differences for cyber victimization.

    Discussion: Societal gender inequality relates to adolescents' involvement in bullying and gendered patterns in bullying. Public health policy should target societal factors that have an impact on young people's behavior. 

  • 39.
    Dada, Shakila
    et al.
    Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
    Andersson, Anna Karin
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    May, Adele
    Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
    Elgmark Andersson, Elisabeth
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Huus, Karina
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Agreement between participation ratings of children with intellectual disabilities and their primary caregivers2020In: Research in Developmental Disabilities, ISSN 0891-4222, E-ISSN 1873-3379, Vol. 104, article id 103715Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Participation of children with ID it is argued must be understood in relation to the fit with the environment. Since caregivers are a vital factor within the close environment of a child with intellectual disability, their perceptions are unequivocally important.

    Aims: The main aim of this study is to describe the self-reported participation of children with ID and the perceptions of their primary caregivers. Both frequency of attendance and perceived importance of activity was measured with self-reported and proxy-reports.

    Methods & Procedures: A custom developed Picture my Participation (PmP) survey was utilised in an interview format with children with intellectual disability whilst their primary caregivers completed the survey independently.

    Results: Overall, the perceptions of children with intellectual disabilities and of primary caregivers showed similarities regarding attendance and activities considered important. On group level, both children and primary caregivers perceived the child to have a high level of attendance ofFormal learning in school, Family mealtime, Interacting with family and Celebrations. An overall poor agreement in perceived frequency of attendance was found. However, in child-primary cargiver-dyads poor agreement in perceived frequency of attendance was found.

    Conclusions: While primary caregivers and children's ratings of attendance and selection of the most important activities appeared somewhat similar, there was a noted difference, in that primary caregivers’ were uniform in their selection, whilst there was a diversity in the selection of activities amongst children. 

  • 40.
    Danielsson, Henrik
    et al.
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning (IBL), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Imms, Christine
    Apex Australia Chair of Neurodevelopment and Disability, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
    Ivarsson, Magnus
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning (IBL), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Almqvist, Lena
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
    Lundqvist, Lars-Olov
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    King, Gillian
    Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
    Adams Lyngbäck, Liz
    Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; FUB Swedish National Association for People with Intellectual Disability, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Andersson, Anna Karin
    Jönköping University.
    Arnell, Susann
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Arvidsson, Patrik
    Centre for Research & Development Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden; Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
    Augustine, Lilly
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Brooks, Rob
    Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
    Eldh, Maria
    Norrköping Habilitation Centre, Region Östergötland, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Engde, Lisa
    Linköping Habilitation Centre, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
    Engkvist, Helena
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work.
    Gimbler Berglund, Ingalill
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. College of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
    Huus, Karina
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Karlsson, Charlotte
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Lygnegård, Frida
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Sjödin, Linda
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping Habilitation Centre, Region Jönköpings län, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    A systematic review of longitudinal trajectories of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities2023In: Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, ISSN 1056-263X, E-ISSN 1573-3580Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To review the longitudinal trajectories – and the factors influencing their development – of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Systematic review methods were employed. Searches of six databases used keywords and MeSH terms related to children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, mental health problems, and longitudinal research. After the removal of duplicates, reviewers independently screened records for inclusion, extracted data (outcomes and influencing factors), and evaluated the risk of bias. Findings were tabulated and synthesized using graphs and a narrative. Searches identified 94,662 unique records, from which 49 publications were included. The median publication year was 2015. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were the most commonly included population in retrieved studies. In almost 50% of studies, trajectories of mental health problems changed by < 10% between the first and last time point. Despite multiple studies reporting longitudinal trajectories of mental health problems, greater conceptual clarity and consideration of the measures included in research is needed, along with the inclusion of a more diverse range of populations of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

  • 41.
    Darcy, Laura
    et al.
    Department of Caring Science, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Enskär, Karin
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Björk, Maria
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    The development of the Clinical Assessment Tool "Health and Everyday Functioning in Young Children with Cancer"2020In: Child Care Health and Development, ISSN 0305-1862, E-ISSN 1365-2214, Vol. 46, no 4, p. 445-456Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Key messages

    • The aim of this study was to select and validate the content of a clinical assessment tool (CAT) for health and everyday functioning in young children with cancer.
    • Items were developed based on frequently occurring ICF-CY codes identified in the transcripts of 12 interviews with young children with cancer and their parents.
    • The CAT consists of 52 items grouped in four dimensions, “The child her/himself”, “The child’s everyday life”, “The child’s need for support” and “The child’s contacts with health care”.
    • The items correlate well with known research results
    • The CAT can be used by both parents and health care personnel to highlight aspects of care for the young child with cancer
  • 42.
    Day, Annika L.
    et al.
    Department of Physiotherapy, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Währborg, Peter
    Andersson-Gäre, Boel
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, The Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. IMPROVE (Improvement, innovation, and leadership in health and welfare).
    Golsäter, Marie
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Futurum Akademi for Health and Care Region Jönköping County.
    Rydå, Ulla
    Jansson, Marian
    An evaluation of daily relaxation training and psychosomatic symptoms in young children2016In: Health Behavior and Policy Review, ISSN 2326-4403, Vol. 3, no 3, p. 198-208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of daily relaxation training on psychosomatic symptoms during one school year among 8-year-old children. Methods: Cortisol in saliva, abdominal circumference including body mass index (BMI), heart rate, rate pressure product (RPP), and stress in children (SIC) were measured. Teachers in the intervention classes were interviewed. The intervention consisted of a daily relaxation therapy (RT). Results: The intervention group showed reduced heart rate. Individuals of the intervention group showed an improvement regarding headaches and the ability to fall asleep. The qualitative results showed that the RT had a calming effect on both the children and the teachers. Conclusions: RT among children may be of use to cope with stress as interpreted by some improved parameters in the intervention group.

  • 43.
    de Schipper, Elles
    et al.
    Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lundequist, Aiko
    Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wilteus, Anna Löfgren
    Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Coghill, David
    University of Dundee, UK.
    de Vries, Petrus J.
    University of Cape Town, South Africa .
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Holtmann, Martin
    Ruhr University Bochum, Hamm, Germany.
    Jonsson, Ulf
    Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Karande, Sunil
    Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India.
    Levy, Florence
    Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
    Al-Modayfer, Omar
    College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Rohde, Luis
    Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
    Tannock, Rosemary
    University of Toronto, Canada.
    Tonge, Bruce
    Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    Bölte, Sven
    Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Stockholm, Sweden.
    A comprehensive scoping review of ability and disability in ADHD using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY)2015In: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ISSN 1018-8827, E-ISSN 1435-165X, Vol. 24, no 8, p. 859-872Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This is the first in a series of four empirical investigations to develop International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The objective here was to use a comprehensive scoping review approach to identify the concepts of functional ability and disability used in the scientific ADHD literature and link these to the nomenclature of the ICF-CY. Systematic searches were conducted using Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC and Cinahl, to extract the relevant concepts of functional ability and disability from the identified outcome studies of ADHD. These concepts were then linked to ICF-CY by two independent researchers using a standardized linking procedure. Data from identified studies were analysed until saturation of ICF-CY categories was reached. Eighty studies were included in the final analysis. Concepts contained in these studies were linked to 128 ICF-CY categories. Of these categories, 68 were considered to be particularly relevant to ADHD (i.e., identified in at least 5 % of the studies). Of these, 32 were related to Activities and participation, 31 were related to Body functions, and five were related to environmental factors. The five most frequently identified categories were school education (53 %), energy and drive functions (50 %), psychomotor functions (50 %), attention functions (49 %), and emotional functions (45 %). The broad variety of ICF-CY categories identified in this study underlines the necessity to consider ability and disability in ADHD across all dimensions of life, for which the ICF-CY provides a valuable and universally applicable framework. These results, in combination with three additional preparatory studies (expert survey, focus groups, clinical study), will provide a scientific basis to define the ICF Core Sets for ADHD for multi-purpose use in basic and applied research, and every day clinical practice.

  • 44.
    de Schipper, Elles
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Mahdi, Soheil
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Coghill, David
    University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom.
    de Vries, Petrus J.
    University of Cape Town, South Africa.
    Gau, Susan Shur-Fen
    National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Behavioural Science and Social Work. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Holtmann, Martin
    Ruhr University Bochum, Hamm, Germany.
    Karande, Sunil
    Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India.
    Levy, Florence
    School of Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
    Almodayfer, Omar
    Psychiatry Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Rohde, Luis
    Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
    Tannock, Rosemary
    The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada.
    Bolte, Sven
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Towards an ICF core set for ADHD: a worldwide expert survey on ability and disability2015In: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ISSN 1018-8827, E-ISSN 1435-165X, Vol. 24, no 12, p. 1509-1521Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This is the second in a series of four empirical studies designed to develop International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF and Children and Youth version, ICF-CY) core sets for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this stage was to gather the opinions from international experts on which ability and disability concepts were considered relevant to functioning in ADHD. An email-based survey was carried out amongst international experts in ADHD. Relevant functional ability and disability concepts were extracted from their responses and linked to the ICF/-CY categories by two independent researchers using a standardised linking procedure. 174 experts from 11 different disciplines and 45 different countries completed the survey. Meaningful concepts identified in their responses were linked to 185 ICF/-CY categories. Of these, 83 categories were identified by at least 5 % of the experts and considered the most relevant to ADHD: 30 of these were related to Body functions (most identified: attention functions, 85 %), 30 to Activities and Participation (most identified: school education, 52 %), 20 to Environmental factors (most identified: support from immediate family, 61 %), and 3 to Body structures (most identified: structure of brain, 83 %). Experts also provided their views on particular abilities related to ADHD, naming characteristics such as high-energy levels, flexibility and resiliency. Gender differences in the expression of ADHD identified by experts pertained mainly to females showing more internalising (e.g. anxiety, low self-esteem) and less externalising behaviours (e.g. hyperactivity), leading to a risk of late- and under-diagnosis in females. Results indicate that the impact of ADHD extends beyond the core symptom domains, into all areas of life and across the lifespan. The current study in combination with three additional preparatory studies (comprehensive scoping review, focus groups, clinical study) will provide the scientific basis to define the ADHD ICF/-CY core sets for multi-purpose use in basic and applied research and every day clinical practice.

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  • 45.
    Donohue, Dana
    et al.
    Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
    Bornman, Juan
    Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
    Granlund, Mats
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, CHILD.
    Household size is associated with unintelligible speech in children who have intellectual disabilities: A South African study2015In: Developmental Neurorehabilitation, ISSN 1751-8423, E-ISSN 1751-8431, Vol. 18, no 6, p. 402-406Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether four socioeconomic factors, namely caregiver age, caregiver education, family income and/or household size were related to the presence of motor delays or unintelligible speech in South African children with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities completed a biographical questionnaire regarding their home environments. Other items on the questionnaire queried whether their children experienced co-occurring developmental impairments of motor delays or unintelligible speech. Results: A total of 145 caregivers were included in the analyses. Two logistic regressions were run with the set of four socioeconomic factors as predictors, and motor delays and intelligible speech as the outcome variables. Household size was a statistically significant predictor of whether children evidenced intelligible speech. Conclusion: Children living in dwellings with more people were less likely to have intelligible speech. The processes through which large household size might influence children’s language are discussed.

  • 46.
    Downie, Angela
    et al.
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Chamberlain, Angela
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Kuzminski, Rebecca
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Vaz, Sharmila
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Cuomo, Belinda
    School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Road vehicle transportation of children with physical and behavioral disabilities: A literature review2020In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 1103-8128, E-ISSN 1651-2014, Vol. 27, no 5, p. 309-322Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: A literature review in 2001 found that children with disabilities were frequently transported in unsafe conditions and further research was required to investigate the gap between regulations, standards and actual transportation practices.

    OBJECTIVES: To synthesize available evidence on the transportation of children with disabilities in road vehicles.

    METHODS: Four databases were systematically searched: CINAHL; Medline; National Transport Library Catalogue (Sweden); and Transport Research International Documentation.

    RESULTS: Nineteen studies ranging in methodological quality from poor to excellent were included in the review. The findings are presented under the following six major themes: child safety restraints, wheelchairs, vehicles, travel habits, parental and professional knowledge. The results are mapped onto two groups of children, those with behavioral problems and those with physical disabilities.

    CONCLUSION: The literature reflected little change across the six major themes since the previous review. Children with disabilities continue to be inappropriately restrained in vehicles, constituting an ongoing road safety problem. There is a strong need to increase parent knowledge, upskill health professionals and provide families with financial assistance to enable them to ensure the safe transportation of children with disabilities to minimize the risk of injury and fatalities on the road, and enhance their participation in the community.

  • 47.
    Enskär, Karin
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Ljusegren, Gunilla
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gimbler Berglund, Ingalill
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science.
    Eaton, Nicola
    Harding, Rosemary
    Mokoena, Joyce
    Chauke, Motsedisi
    Moleki, Maria
    Attitudes to and knowledge about pain and pain management, of nurses working with children with cancer: A comparative study between UK, South Africa and Sweden2007In: Journal of Research in Nursing, ISSN 1744-9871, Vol. 12, no 5, p. 501-515Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pain is among the most common effects of cancer and its treatment. Children and young people with cancer often consider pain from procedures and treatment to be the worst aspect of their illness. This study aimed to i) identify and describe knowledge and attitudes to pain and pain management amongst nurses working with children with cancer and ii) compare the perspectives on pain and pain management of nurses from UK, South Africa and Sweden. 106 nurses working with children with cancer in UK, South Africa and Sweden completed Salanterä’s (1999) questionnaire on nurses’ attitudes to pain in children. Nurses had good levels of knowledge and positive attitudes to pain management, with Swedish nurses’ having higher levels of knowledge and a more positive attitude to pain management than nurses from UK or South Africa. A high level of knowledge was correlated to a more positive attitude to pain management. Knowledge levels need to be improved to ensure more positive attitudes to pain management, especially for nurses in South Africa. Swedish nurses’ level of knowledge about non-pharmacological pain management strategies has scope for improvement. British nurses may need to focus more on the sociology and psychology of pain.

  • 48.
    Eriksson, Marit
    et al.
    Futurum, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Lingfors, Hans
    Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Golsäter, Marie
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Trends in prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Swedish children and adolescents between 2004 and 2015.2018In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 107, no 10, p. 1818-1825Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: This study explored weight trends among children aged 4, 7, 11, 14 and 17 years in Jönköping County Sweden, from 2004 to 2015.

    METHODS: The study had a repeated cross-sectional design, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on height and weight measurements collected from child health and school health records. The prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity was estimated with international cut-offs, with linear trends calculated separately for boys and girls.

    RESULTS: There were 190 965 measurements of BMI and these covered 82-97% of the younger children and 55-69% of the older children during the study period. The prevalence of thinness varied between 0.2% and 2.2% across time and age groups and did not change over the study period. There was a small decrease in overweight among both girls and boys aged four years. There were increasing trends in overweight and obesity in both girls and boys aged 11 and 14 years of age and a sharp increase among 17-year-old boys, with 7.3% obese in 2014/2015 and 3.6% in 2004/2005.

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of obesity decreased from 2004 to 2015 or was stable in younger Swedish children, but increased among older children, with a large increase in adolescent boys.

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  • 49.
    Farr, William J.
    et al.
    Research and Innovation, Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Bremner, Stephen
    Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Male, Ian
    Research and Innovation, Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Gage, Heather
    School of Economics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
    Bailey, Sarah
    Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
    Speller, Sandra
    Research and Innovation, Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Colville, Valerie
    Parent partnership advisors Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Jackson, Mandy
    Parent partnership advisors Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Memon, Anjum
    Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Morris, Christopher
    Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
    Feasibility of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate home-based virtual reality therapy in children with cerebral palsy2021In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 43, no 1, p. 85-97Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Evidence is increasing for effective virtual reality therapy for motor rehabilitation for children with Cerebral Palsy. We assessed the feasibility of a virtual reality therapy mode of intervention, appropriateness of measures, and potential cost-effectiveness.

    Methods: A 12-week, 2-group, parallel-feasibility trial (ISRCT 17624388) using Nintendo Wii FitTM at home. Children aged 5–16, with ambulatory Cerebral Palsy, who were able to follow simple instructions were randomised to two groups; one supported by physiotherapists (individualised activity programme), the other unsupported with children having free choice (control). Children were assessed in clinic at baseline, week 6, and week 12 by blinded assessors. Feasibility of the intervention was assessed via recruitment, adherence, and usefulness of measurement tools.

    Results: Forty-four children were eligible (out of 48 approached): 31 consented, 30 were randomised, 21 completed the study; 10 in the supported group and 11 in the unsupported group. Nine children discontinued from tiredness, after-school activities, homework, surgery, technical difficulties or negative system feedback. The supported group completed 19 of 36 (IQR 5-35) possible sessions; the unsupported group 24 of 36 sessions (IQR 8-36). Gross Motor Function Measure scores varied by Cerebral Palsy severity after the intervention. There were no adverse events.

    Conclusion: Virtual reality therapy offers potential as a therapeutic adjunct for children with Cerebral Palsy, warranting substantive confirmatory study. Gross Motor Function Measure, with modifications to improve sensitivity, appeared appropriate as a primary measure, with Timed up and Go test secondary. The intervention was inexpensive costing £20 per child. An explanatory trial to evaluate the clinical/cost-effectiveness of commercial system virtual reality therapy is feasible with minor methodological adaptation.

    Implications for rehabilitation

    • Home-based interactive computer gaming was feasible, safe and cost effective as a therapy adjunct.
    • Discontinue if additional pressures are present: imminent surgery, family resilience to technical difficulties, negative system feedback, after-school activities.
    • Change in Gross Motor Function Measurement scores varied by severity of Cerebral Palsy. 
  • 50.
    Fischer, Evelin
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Rehabilitation.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Lygnegård, Frida
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Systematic review protocol of the effectiveness of occupation-based and occupation-focused interventions used in occupational therapy to improve participation in everyday activities for young children with a disability [protocol]2022Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Review question / Objective: The aim of this review was to identify, appraise, evaluate and synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of interventions using occupations and/or occupational performance outcomes in improving activities of daily living and participation of young children with a disability. The PICOS framework was used to develop the review question: Population – children with a disability under the age of 10. Intervention – interventions which are both occupation-based and occupation-focused provided by an occupational therapist in groups or individually, incorporating participation in everyday occupations in the most natural context possible or focusing directly on participation in everyday occupations instead of focusing on improving underlying functions in order to better participate in everyday occupations (1)(Fisher, 2013). Control – alternative occupational therapy (OT) intervention, alternative non-OT intervention or no intervention. Outcome – improved participation in everyday occupations assessed before and after the intervention, measured by standardized assessment tools or self-report measures of occupational performance, engagement and participation. Study characteristics – Systematic Review of original studies (levels I and II, Joanna Briggs Institute) including Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) or quasiexperimental designs (eg. with Pre-test – post-test or historic/ retrospective control group study). Research Question: “What is the evidence for the effectiveness of occupation-based and occupationfocused interventions in improving participation in everyday occupations for young children with a disability?”

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