The Kurdistan Region of Iraq has been massively contaminated by landmines and unexploded ordnances disposals. This will continue to be a major obstacle for development and economic growth mainly in the rural border communities. The landmines were used systematically by the central Baathist government in its efforts to de-populate the Kurdistan Region and to weaken the Kurds demands for regional self-determination. This work investigates the magnitude of the mines problem in the Region, and the mine action activities undertaken to rehabilitate, reconstruct, and develop the region. In addition to that, this work emphasizes on the social, health, education, and economic impacts of mines and its legal consequences. In order to achieve the abovementioned objectives, this work is divided into fifteen chapters. After providing an introduction and background to the mines problem, the authors discuss the international and the Kurdistan Regions' scope of the mines problem. The methods of dealing with mines and its consequences have been reviewed. The issues of mines action and impact survey, and factors influencing the survey process and mine actions activities are discussed. A comprehensive review of the outcome of mines problem in the Kurdistan Region is conducted. The nature of the problems faced by the Kurds and its characteristics are discussed in more detailed form by looking at some case studies. Here the economic, social, and health impacts of landmines in the region are assessed. The issues of human, security, and political impacts of landmines are further addressed followed by an assessment of mine action resources and its progress, education, and various preventive measures. Finally a number of policy recommendations are provided to prevent their future use and to take legal actions against landmines users for clearance, rehabilitation, and compensation issues.