The debateconcerningintellectual property rightsongenetic materialhas intensifiedin recent years. In addition, there is an increasing trend to grant patents covering DNA molecules with naturally occurring gene sequences. These circumstances were favorable to the rise of disputes and controversies related to the promises of human genomics especially those relating to the development of new therapies and new drugs. The article illustrates the specificity of biotech innovations and gives the qualifications to target a better balance between interests and rights involved. In particular, it explores the potential for an equitable and sustainable development of genetic resources through biotechnology.