This paper employs Porter’s diamond model to examine the relationships between afirm’s locational environment, its innovation capabilities, and competitive advantage assessed interms of various performance indicators. The study implements a structural equation modelestimated with the partial least squares (PLS) approach and reveals that frequent cooperation spurs innovation and performance but that, in contrast to Porter’s prediction, a strong focus on local demand impedes both. Interestingly, various types of governmental support, as well as the qualityof locational factors, are more important for less innovative companies than they are for moreinnovative ones. We also find that strong local competition is an impediment to firm innovativeness and performance, which is in conflict with Porter’s model.