This chapter demonstrates that ‘lifelong learning’ is a concept which is used in different contexts and in different ways. Two intertwined perspectives of ‘lifelong learning’ are highlighted here: (i) ‘lifelong learning’ as policy; and (ii) ‘lifelong learning’ as theory. What they have in common is the assumption that learning takes place throughout the duration of a person’s life and that learning takes place in various contexts in a person’s everyday life. The meanings which have been associated with the concept of ‘lifelong learning’ can be differentiated via the perspectives mentioned above, but there is also an interplay between political intentions (as expressed in policy) and philosophy of pedagogy (as expressed in theoretical frameworks). While the ‘lifelong learning’ concept is most frequently occurring in policy work, it is primarily ‘lifelong learning’ as a philosophy of pedagogy which can provide us with important insight into the development of lifelong learning in a professional context and in society.