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On the combined effects of surface quality and pore size on the fatigue life of Al–7Si–3Cu–Mg alloy castings
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Materials and Manufacturing.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5753-4052
School of Engineering and Technology, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Boulevard N, Jacksonville, 32211, FL, United States.
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Materials and Manufacturing.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0101-0062
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Materials and Manufacturing.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6481-5530
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2023 (English)In: Materials Science & Engineering: A, ISSN 0921-5093, E-ISSN 1873-4936, Vol. 885, article id 145618Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study has aimed to determine the effects of surface quality and pore size, obtained by different levels of hydrogen content of the liquid metal, on the fatigue behavior of an Al–7%Si–3%Cu–Mg casting alloy. Three surface conditions have been studied: as-cast rough, as-cast smooth, and standard machined and polished surface. The S–N curves have shown that surface roughness and hydrogen content individually impact fatigue strength. Surprisingly, the fatigue strength of machined and polished samples, which aligns with standard testing practices, is significantly reduced, compared to other conditions. Fatigue cracks have been observed to initiate at the pores just below the as-cast surface or on the machined surfaces. In all cases, pores have been observed to be surrounded by bifilms. Moreover, hydrogen content and roughness of the as-cast surface have been found to interact to determine the fatigue performance. These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of fatigue testing procedures for cast aluminum components.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023. Vol. 885, article id 145618
Keywords [en]
Bifilms, Fracture, Oxide skin, Pores, Weibull, Fatigue testing, Hydrogen, Magnesium alloys, Surface properties, Surface roughness, As-cast, Cast surface, Combined effect, Fatigue strength, Hydrogen contents, Machined surface, Oxide skins, Pore, Pore size
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-62484DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2023.145618ISI: 001087353900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85169977535Local ID: HOA;intsam;905111OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-62484DiVA, id: diva2:1798301
Available from: 2023-09-19 Created: 2023-09-19 Last updated: 2023-11-21Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The effect of microstructural features, defects and surface quality on the fatigue performance in Al-Si-Mg Cast alloys
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The effect of microstructural features, defects and surface quality on the fatigue performance in Al-Si-Mg Cast alloys
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Global warming is driving industry to manufacture lighter components to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Promising candidates for achieving this are aluminium-silicon (Al-Si) cast alloys, which offer a high weight-to-strength ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and good castability. However, understanding variations in the mechanical properties of these alloys is crucial to producing high-performance parts for critical applications. Defects and oxides are the primary reasons cast components in fatigue applications are rejected, as they negatively impact mechanical properties.

A comprehensive understanding of the correlation between fatigue performance and parameters such as the α-aluminium matrix, Al-Si eutectic, surface roughness, porosities, hydrogen content, oxides, and intermetallic phases in Al-Si castings has not been reached.

The research presented in this thesis used state-of-the-art experimental techniques to investigate the mechanical properties and crack-initiation and propagation behaviour of Al-Si-Mg cast alloy under cyclic loading. In-situ cyclic testing was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), digital image correlation (DIC), and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. These techniques enabled a comprehensive study of parameters affecting fatigue performance, including hydrogen content, surface roughness, oxides, and intermetallic phases. More specifically, we investigated the effect of melt quality, copper (Cu) content, oxide bifilms, surface quality, and porosity.

The increased Cu concentration in heat-treated Al-Si alloys increased the amount of intermetallic phases, which affected the cracking behaviour. Furthermore, oxide bifilms were detected at crack-initiation sites, even in regions far away from the highly strained areas. Si- and Iron (Fe)-rich intermetallics were observed to have precipitated on these bifilms. Due to their very small size, these oxides are generally not detected by non-destructive inspections, but affect mechanical properties because they appear to open at relatively low tensile stresses. Finally, Al-Si alloy casting skins showed an interesting effect in terms of improving fatigue performance, highlighting the negative effect of surface polishing for such alloys.

Abstract [sv]

Klimatförändringar runt om i världen driver industrin att tillverka lättare komponenter för att minska utsläppen av koldioxid (CO2). Lovande kandidater för att uppnå detta är aluminium-silikon (Al-Si) gjutna legeringar, som erbjuder hög vikt-till-styrkeförhållande, utmärkt korrosionsbeständighet och god gjutbarhet. Förståelsen av variationer i de mekaniska egenskaperna hos dessa legeringar är dock avgörande för att producera högpresterande komponenter för kritiska tillämpningar. Defekter och oxider är de främsta orsakerna till att gjutna komponenter i utmattningsapplikation avvisas, eftersom de påverkar de mekaniska egenskaperna negativt.

En heltäckande förståelse av sambandet mellan mekaniska egenskaper och parametrar som mikrostrukturella faser, ytfinhet, porositet och oxider i Al-Si-gjutningar har ännu inte blivit fullständigt kartlagd.

Forskningen som presenteras i denna avhandling använde toppmoderna experimentella tekniker för att undersöka de mekaniska egenskaperna samt initiering och propagering av sprickor i Al-Si-Mg-gjutgods under utmattningstester. Dessa tekniker möjliggjorde en omfattande studie av parametrar som påverkar utmattningen, inklusive väteinnehåll, ytfinhet, oxider och intermetalliska faser.

Den ökade Cu-koncentrationen i värmebehandlade Al-Si-legeringar ökade mängden intermetalliska faser, vilket påverkade sprickbeteendet. Vidare upptäcktes oxidfilmer på platser där sprickor initierades, även i områden långt borta från de mest påverkade områdena Kisel och järnfaser observerades ha kärnbildat på dessa oxidfilmer. På grund av deras mycket små storlek upptäcks dessa oxider vanligtvis inte av icke-destruktiva inspektioner, men de påverkar mekaniska egenskaper eftersom de tycks öppna vid relativt låga dragspänningar. Slutligen visade gjutskinnet på Al-Si-komponenter en intressant effekt när det förbättrade utmattningsegenskaperna och belyser den negativa effekten av bearbetning på dessa komponenter.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, School of Engineering, 2023. p. 125
Series
JTH Dissertation Series ; 084
Keywords
Aluminum-Silicon alloys, defects, material characterization, fatigue performance, digital image correlation
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-62909 (URN)978-91-89785-01-4 (ISBN)978-91-89785-02-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-12-15, E1405 (Gjuterisalen), School of Engineering, Jönköping, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Included in doctoral thesis in manuscript form.

Available from: 2023-11-21 Created: 2023-11-21 Last updated: 2024-01-08Bibliographically approved

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Bogdanoff, ToniJarfors, Anders E.W.Seifeddine, SalemGhassemali, Ehsan

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