Childhood maltreatment is highly prevalent in today’s world, and neglect is a large portion thereof. Neglect is one of the most common types of child maltreatment, but is often overlooked in research. This literature review aimed to identify the psychiatric consequences and trajectories of childhood neglect leading to adulthood. Six studies were reviewed, and five out of six studies found significant associations between childhood neglect and psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The most common ones found were mood disorders, anxiety disorders and PTSD. Several theoretical frameworks have been posed while seeking to understand the trajectories of childhood neglect and subsequent psychiatric disorders. The current review mentions attachment theories, proximal processes and neurobiological consequences as theoretical underpinnings. It is apparent that childhood neglect is a serious issue with multifaceted psychiatric consequences. Recognition of these effects can be vital for professional understanding and future interventions.