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Is It Harmful?: Re-examining Privacy Concerns
Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7384-4552
Karlstads universitet, Centrum för tjänsteforskning (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8102-8168
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9980-3473
2017 (English)In: Privacy and Identity Management: The Smart Revolution / [ed] M. Hansen, E. Kosta, I. Nai-Fovino & S. Fischer-Hübner, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017, p. 59-75Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The increased popularity of interconnected devices, which we rely on when performing day-to-day activities expose people to various privacy harms. This paper presents findings from the empirical investigation of privacy concerns. The study revealed that people, regardless of their diversity, perceive privacy harms as generic and simplified models, not individually as suggested in Solove’s framework. Additionally, the results identified differences in privacy concerns related to information disclosure, protection behavior, and demographics. The findings may benefit privacy and system designers, ensuring that policies and digital systems match people’s privacy expectations, decreasing risks and harms.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017. p. 59-75
Series
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology ; 526
Keywords [en]
Privacy, Human factors, Attitudes, Decision making
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-60102DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92925-5_5ISI: 000444812600005ISBN: 978-3-319-92924-8 (print)ISBN: 978-3-319-92925-5 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-60102DiVA, id: diva2:1749379
Projects
Privacy & Us (4961)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020Available from: 2018-06-26 Created: 2023-04-06 Last updated: 2023-04-06Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Advancing Models of Privacy Decision Making: Exploring the What & How of Privacy Behaviours
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Advancing Models of Privacy Decision Making: Exploring the What & How of Privacy Behaviours
2018 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

People's decisions do not happen in a vacuum; there are multiple factors that may affect them. There are external determinants, such as cost/benefit calculation of decision outcomes. There are also internal factors, such as attitudes, personality, emotions, age, and nationality. Frequently, the latter have a final say on the decision at hand, and similar determinants are triggered during the digital interaction when people make decisions about their privacy.

The current digital privacy landscape is filled with recurring security breaches and leaks of personal information collected by online service providers. Growing dependency on Internet-connected devices and increasing privacy risks prompted policy makers to protect individuals' right to privacy. In Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation requires companies to provide adequate information about their data collection and processing practices to users, to increase privacy awareness and enable better decision making. Regardless, currently there is no sufficient, usable technology, which could help people make improved privacy decisions, decreasing over-disclosure and oversharing. Hence, multidisciplinary researchers aim at developing new privacy-enhancing solutions. To define such solutions and successfully convey data provision and processing practices, potential risks, or harms resulting from information disclosure, it is crucial to understand cognitive processes underpinning privacy decisions.

In this thesis, we examine privacy decisions and define factors that influence them. We investigate the attitude-behaviour relationship and identify privacy concerns affecting perceptions of privacy. Additionally, we examine factors influencing information sharing, such as emotional arousal and personality traits. Our results demonstrate that there is a relationship between privacy concerns and behaviours, and that simplified models of behaviour are insufficient to predict privacy decisions. Our findings show that internal factors, such as nationality and culture, emotional arousal, and individual characteristics, affect privacy decisions. Based on our findings, we conclude that future models of privacy should incorporate such determinants. Further, we postulate that privacy user interfaces must become more flexible and personalised than the current solutions.

Abstract [en]

Growing dependency on Internet-connected devices and increasing privacy risks prompted policymakers to protect individuals’ right to privacy. In Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation requires companies to provide users with adequate information about data collection and processing practices to increase privacy awareness and enable better decisions. Hence, multidisciplinary researchers aim at developing new privacy-enhancing solutions. However, to develop such solutions it is crucial to understand cognitive processes underpinning privacy decisions.

This thesis objective is to investigate privacy behaviours. We identify privacy concerns affecting perceptions of privacy and examine factors influencing information sharing. We show that simplified models of behaviour are insufficient predictors of privacy decisions, and that demographic characteristic, emotion and personality affect privacy attitudes and behaviours. Based on our findings we conclude that future models of privacy and designs of privacy user interfaces must incorporate such behavioural determinants.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Computer Science, Karlstads universitet, 2018. p. 24
Keywords
Privacy, Attitudes & Behaviour, Modelling Behaviour, HCI, UI Design
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-60096 (URN)978-91-7063-891-6 (ISBN)978-91-7063-986-9 (ISBN)
Presentation
2018-12-11, Sjöströmsalen, 1B 309, Universitetsgatan 2, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-04-06 Created: 2023-04-06 Last updated: 2023-04-06Bibliographically approved
2. Homo Varius: Investigating Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants to Explain Online Privacy Decisions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Homo Varius: Investigating Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants to Explain Online Privacy Decisions
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

When people interact with others, they control how much personal information they reveal, and, hence, make decisions about their privacy. Similarly, in online settings, they decide how much personal information they expose. However, online, their decisions might have greater consequences because of the persistent nature of disclosed information and technological complexities. Hence, technologies should provide people with comprehensive knowledge, enabling informed choices, and reducing privacy risks. Nevertheless, little is known about the interplay of the different factors that influence people's privacy choices. Sometimes, people over-disclose their personal information despite their privacy concerns, presumably relying on fast thinking of homo heuristicus. Yet, it is common to expect that people's decisions should result in more "rational" outcomes; this may decrease privacy risks - here, bringing to the forefront thinking of homo economicus.  This thesis presents insights into the understanding of online privacy decisions. Through a series of studies, we investigate the many factors that influence privacy-related attitudes and behaviors. Our work examines the interaction of the intrinsic (e.g., personality) and extrinsic (e.g., visual design of a privacy interface) determinants of online choices (e.g., disclosure). Overall, we demonstrate the complexity of human decisions in the context of online privacy, suggesting that people's choices are context-dependent and the borders between decisions of the homo heuristicus and economicus are blurry. Thus, we conclude that it is homo varius that can make privacy-aware choices by switching between rational calculations and heuristical thinking, depending on the interplay of different intrinsic and extrinsic determinants. This work provides a knowledge base for future studies investigating privacy decisions. Further, it contributes insights for privacy practitioners (e.g., designers) that may help improve current privacy designs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Karlstad: Karlstads universitet, 2020. p. 48
Keywords
Privacy, Attitudes & Behavior, Decision-Making, HCI, GUI, Usability, Visual Design, Personality, Affect
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-60093 (URN)978-91-7867-150-2 (ISBN)978-91-7867-149-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-10-19, 21A342, Eva Eriksson, 13:30 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-04-06 Created: 2023-04-06 Last updated: 2023-04-06Bibliographically approved

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Kitkowska, AgnieszkaWästlund, ErikMartucci, Leonardo

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