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Detecting ditches using supervised learning on high-resolution digital elevation models
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Department of Computer Science and Informatics.
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Department of Computer Science and Informatics.
Department of Software Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, SE-371 79, Sweden.
Forest Department, Swedish Forest Agency, Skeppargatan 17, Skellefteå, 931 32, Sweden.
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2022 (English)In: Expert systems with applications, ISSN 0957-4174, E-ISSN 1873-6793, Vol. 201, article id 116961Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Drained wetlands can constitute a large source of greenhouse gas emissions, but the drainage networks in these wetlands are largely unmapped, and better maps are needed to aid in forest production and to better understand the climate consequences. We develop a method for detecting ditches in high resolution digital elevation models derived from LiDAR scans. Thresholding methods using digital terrain indices can be used to detect ditches. However, a single threshold generally does not capture the variability in the landscape, and generates many false positives and negatives. We hypothesise that, by combining the digital terrain indices using supervised learning, we can improve ditch detection at a landscape-scale. In addition to digital terrain indices, additional features are generated by transforming the data to include neighbouring cells for better ditch predictions. A Random Forests classifier is used to locate the ditches, and its probability output is processed to remove noise, and binarised to produce the final ditch prediction. The confidence interval for the Cohen's Kappa index ranges [0.655, 0.781] between the evaluation plots with a confidence level of 95%. The study demonstrates that combining information from a suite of digital terrain indices using machine learning provides an effective technique for automatic ditch detection at a landscape-scale, aiding in both practical forest management and in combatting climate change.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022. Vol. 201, article id 116961
Keywords [en]
Classification and regression trees, Geographic information systems, Machine learning, Supervised learning by classification, Classification (of information), Climate change, Decision trees, Digital instruments, E-learning, Forestry, Gas emissions, Geomorphology, Greenhouse gases, Information use, Metadata, Supervised learning, Surveying, Wetlands, Classification trees, Digital elevation model, Digital terrain, Drainage networks, Forest production, Greenhouse gas emissions, High resolution, Landscape scale, Regression trees
National Category
Information Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-56267DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.116961ISI: 000830107400002Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85128240716Local ID: HOA;;808344OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-56267DiVA, id: diva2:1653877
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Research Council FormasAvailable from: 2022-04-25 Created: 2022-04-25 Last updated: 2022-08-16Bibliographically approved

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