There have been numerous studies on lean production and other technical aspects of lean. This paper does not deal with the technical aspects. In this paper we develop a model for understanding the functioning of modern lean production and management methods. Our focus is on the behaviors and actions needed by employees [managers and non-managers] to obtain the benefits of lean methods. Our model for lean methods is based on the Toyota Production System [TPS] due to the amount of knowledge available about it and its impact on production methods world-wide. Using our understanding of TPS we develop a prescriptive model of employee behavior and actions needed to support the use of TPS, and the organizational cultural aspects needed to support or encourage the employee interactions identified. A case study is used to develop the model.