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The Implementation of Visual Comfort Evaluation in the Evidence-Based Design Process Using Lighting Simulation
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering and Lighting Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5755-5504
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering and Lighting Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4216-9165
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering and Lighting Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7520-1593
2021 (English)In: Applied Sciences, E-ISSN 2076-3417, Vol. 11, no 11, article id 4982Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Validation of the EBD-SIM (evidence-based design-simulation) framework, a conceptual framework developed to integrate the use of lighting simulation in the EBD process, suggested that EBD's post-occupancy evaluation (POE) should be conducted more frequently. A follow-up field study was designed for subjective-objective results implementation in the EBD process using lighting simulation tools. In this real-time case study, the visual comfort of the occupants was evaluated. The visual comfort analysis data were collected via simulations and questionnaires for subjective visual comfort perceptions. The follow-up study, conducted in June, confirmed the results of the original study, conducted in October, but additionally found correlations with annual performance metrics. This study shows that, at least for the variables related to daylight, a POE needs to be conducted at different times of the year to obtain a more comprehensive insight into the users' perception of the lit environment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2021. Vol. 11, no 11, article id 4982
Keywords [en]
building performance simulation; lighting simulation; lighting quality; visual comfort; office field study; evidence-based design
National Category
Architectural Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52578DOI: 10.3390/app11114982ISI: 000659612400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85107349271Local ID: GOA;;52578OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-52578DiVA, id: diva2:1558436
Funder
Bertil & Britt Svenssons Stiftelse för BelysningsteknikAvailable from: 2021-05-31 Created: 2021-05-31 Last updated: 2023-09-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Supporting evidence-based design using lighting simulations: A framework for lighting simulation of visual comfort in building design
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Supporting evidence-based design using lighting simulations: A framework for lighting simulation of visual comfort in building design
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This research aims to integrate lighting simulation into the evidence-based design process for achieving improved lighting outcomes in built environments with a particular emphasis on visual comfort analysis in office settings. The objectives of the study include 1) understanding the current usage of lighting simulation tools, learning designers’ experiences' and needs, 2) providing a conceptual framework to integrate the use of lighting simulation in the evidence-based design (EBD) process, 3) testing the usage of the conceptual framework (named EBD-SIM) through two field studies.

First, the lighting simulation tools were reviewed from multiple perspectives reflecting their current state in terms of main characteristics and applications. The usage of lighting simulation tools was investigated by conducting an online survey among lighting designers in 2014. The results showed that lighting simulation programs were widely used in Sweden, with DIALux being the most popular. The most calculated metrics were interior illuminance, glare indexes, and daylight factors. Ease of use and simulation speed were the most important factors in selecting these tools (Paper I). The changes and developments in the usage of lighting simulation tools over five years were investigated by conducting the second survey in 2019. The comparison between the two surveys revealed that DIALux remained the most popular tool though its usage slightly dropped,and the usage of Radiance-based programs was improved. In both surveys, illuminancewas the most frequently calculated metric for both daylight and electric light.

In the second part of this thesis, the integration of simulation tools in the Evidence-Based Design (EBD) process was explored, leading to the development of an integrated conceptual framework, named EBD-SIM (Paper II). The application of the EBD-SIM framework with a focus on the post-occupancy evaluation (POE) step was tested with two field studies in an existing office building in Sweden (Paper III & Paper IV). Occupant visual comfort was investigated using holistic objective-subjective evaluation with different sample sizes (N=15, N=45), different times of the year (October and June), and two groups of occupants (within-subject and between-subject study). Both studies confirmed that point-in-time illuminance had the highest correlation with perceived visual comfort by occupants. The study in June showed that annual daylight performance metrics also had some degree of correlation with occupant satisfaction. It also revealed that, at least for the variables related to daylight, a POE study needs to be conducted at different times of the year to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the user perception of the lit environment. Using simulation tools also in the POE step of EBD has several advantages. The calculated performance metrics give an overview of the lit environment's objective characteristics, making it possible to document them and provide more explicit evidence for further investigation. In addition, the simulated model can be used further to generate other performance metrics should it become necessary based on further evidence.

Abstract [sv]

Denna forskning syftar till att integrera ljussimuleringar i en evidensbaserad utformningsprocess, för att uppnå förbättrade ljusförhållanden, med särskild tonvikt på visuell komfort i kontorsmiljöer. Målen för studien inkluderar 1) att förstå den nuvarande användningen av ljussimuleringsverktyg genom att kartlägga ljusdesigners erfarenheter och behov, 2) Utforma ett konceptuellt ramverk för att integrera användningen av ljussimuleringar i en evidensbaserad utformningsprocess, 3) Utvärdera användningen av det konceptuella ramverket genom två fallstudier.

Först studerades ljussimuleringsverktyg ur flera perspektiv som speglar deras nuvarande egenskaper och tillämpningar. Användningen av ljussimuleringsverktyg undersöktes genom en nätbaserad enkätundersökning bland ljusdesigners år 2014. Resultaten visade att ljussimuleringsverktyg användes flitigt i Sverige och DIALux var det mest populära. De mest använda beräkningsvärdena var interiör belysningsstyrka, bländtal samt dagsljusfaktorer. Användarvänlighet och simuleringshastighet var de viktigaste kriterierna vid valet av verktyg (Paper I). Förändringarna och utvecklingen av användningen av ljussimuleringsverktyg under fem år undersöktes genom en andra undersökning 2019. Jämförelsen mellan de två undersökningarna visade att DIALux fortfarande var det mest använda verktyget, även om användningen hade minskat något, samt att användningen av Radiance- baserade programvaror hade ökat. I båda undersökningarna var belysningsstyrkan det mest använda beräkningsvärdet för både dagsljus och elektriskt ljus.

I den andra delen av arbetet undersöktes integrationen av ljussimuleringar och evidensbaserad utformning (Evidence-Based Design). Ett integrerat konceptuellt ramverk, kallat EBD-SIM (Paper II) utformades. Tillämpningen av EBD-SIM-ramverket, med fokus på steget brukarutvärdering (post-occupancy evaluation), utvärderades genom två fallstudier i en befintlig kontorsbyggnad i Sverige (Paper III & Paper IV). Brukarnas visuella komfort undersöktes med hjälp av en holistisk objektiv-subjektiv utvärdering med olika urvalsstorlekar (N=15, N=45), olika tider på året (oktober och juni) och två grupper av brukare. Båda studierna bekräftade att aktuell belysningsstyrka hade den högsta korrelationen med upplevd visuell komfort. Studien i juni visade att årliga mätvärden för dagsljusprestanda också hade en viss grad av korrelation med upplevd visuell komfort. Den avslöjade också att en enstaka brukarutvärdering inte är tillräckligt utan utvärderingar måste genomföras vid olika tidpunkter på året för att få en korrekt bild av användarens uppfattning om en ljusmiljö, åtminstone för variabler relaterade tilldagsljus. Att använda simuleringsverktyg även vid brukarutvärderingar i en evidensbaserad utvärderingsprocess har flera fördelar. De beräknade värdena ger en överblick över ljusmiljöns objektiva egenskaper, vilket gör det möjligt att dokumentera explicita bevis för vidare utredning. Dessutom kan den simulerade modellen användas för att i efterhand generera andra beräkningsvärden och på så sätt ta fram ytterligare bevis.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, School of Engineering, 2023. p. 80
Series
JTH Dissertation Series ; 080
Keywords
Lighting quality, visual comfort, lighting simulation, evidence-based design, field study, post-occupancy evaluation, Ljuskvalitet, visuell komfort, ljussimulering, evidensbaserad design, fältstudie, brukarutvärderingar
National Category
Architectural Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-62374 (URN)978-91-87289-93-4 (ISBN)978-91-87289-94-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-09-29, E1405, School of Engineering, Jönköping, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Energy AgencyBertil & Britt Svenssons Stiftelse för Belysningsteknik
Available from: 2023-09-04 Created: 2023-09-04 Last updated: 2023-09-04Bibliographically approved

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Davoodi, AnahitaJohansson, PeterAries, Myriam

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