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The urban–rural divide in radical right populist support: the role of resident’s characteristics, urbanization trends and public service supply
Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Economics. Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, JIBS, Centre for Entrepreneurship and Spatial Economics (CEnSE).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2473-7280
2021 (English)In: The annals of regional science, ISSN 0570-1864, E-ISSN 1432-0592, Vol. 67, p. 211-242Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In a number of recent elections in Western Europe, support for far-right populist parties has been significantly higher in non-urban areas than in urban areas. This paper answers the following questions; (1) Can the urban–rural divide in voting behavior be explained by the fact that urban and non-urban populations differ in terms of education, income and other individual characteristics of voters, or by variations in immigration? (2) Can variations in public service supply explain parts of the urban–rural divide in far-right populist support? and (3) How does population growth and public services relate to voting behavior when examining urban and rural municipalities separately? The analyses combine survey data on individual characteristics and register data aggregated on municipalities. The results in this paper suggest that voter characteristics and immigration explain a substantial part of the urban–rural divide. However, the propensity to vote for a far-right populist party is still higher in regions with lower population growth even when controlling for individual characteristics and immigration. When considering public service supply, the urban–rural divide is further weakened. The propensity to vote for a far-right party decreases with higher public service supply and higher share of immigrants. The findings in this paper thereby support the hypothesis that individuals in shrinking areas with lower access to public services are likely to respond to the deterioration of their location by casting a vote on the far-right (i.e., protest voting).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2021. Vol. 67, p. 211-242
Keywords [en]
Extreme right, Political economics, Populism, Public services, Radical right, Regional economics, Urbanization, Voting behavior
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51971DOI: 10.1007/s00168-021-01046-1ISI: 000617403700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85100869962Local ID: HOA;;723157OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-51971DiVA, id: diva2:1532112
Available from: 2021-03-01 Created: 2021-03-01 Last updated: 2023-08-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Opinion formation in a changing regional economy
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Opinion formation in a changing regional economy
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis consists of an introduction followed by four independent papers. Each paper explores different aspects of opinion formation or voting behavior, using diverse data sources and unique geographical perspectives.

In the first paper, I examine the urban-rural divide in radical right populist support. The findings suggest that this divide arises from a combination of diverse population characteristics, such as the distribution of highly educated individuals (composition explanations) and location-specific factors, like population development and public service supply (contextual explanations).

The focus of the second paper is to investigate how perceptions of the capitalcity relate to various characteristics of one’s own locality. The results indicatethat inhabitants in non-urban or mixed areas, as well as those dissatisfiedwith their own region’s development, are more prone to perceive the capitalto have negative effects on their own area and the country overall.

In the third paper, I examine the electoral effects of refugee exposure due tounanticipated refugee camp settlements in neighborhoods. The results display that hosting refugees increases support for the radical right populist party amongresidents. These effects appear to abate with distance and over time.

Lastly, the fourth paper focuses on the role of newspaper ownership for thepolitical bias of newspapers. The results demonstrate that newspapers held by the same owner tend to exhibit a similar slant, rather than aligning their bias with the preferences of their local readership. During election periods, co-owned news-papers demonstrate an even greater similarity in their ideological slant composition.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling består av ett introduktionskapitel och fyra vetenskapliga artiklar.Artiklarna utforskar skilda aspekter av åsiktsbildning eller röstningsbeteende medhjälp av olika data och geografiska perspektiv.

I den första artikeln undersöker jag skillnader mellan stad och land i stöd för det politiska partiet Sverigedemokraterna. Resultaten i studien antyder att denna klyftauppstår av att stad och land dels har olika befolkningssammansättning såsom andelhögutbildade (sammansättningsförklaringar) och dels har olika platsspecifika egen-skaper såsom skilda befolkningsutveckling och utbud av offentliga tjänster (kontextuella förklaringar).

Den andra artikeln, som är samförfattad med Charlotta Mellander och Lina Bjerke,undersöker hur åsikter om huvudstaden varierar beroende på var man bor och denegna platsens egenskaper. Resultaten i studien indikerar att invånare i icke-urbanaområden liksom de som är missnöjda med sin egen regions utveckling, är mertroliga att ha en negativ bild av huvudstaden och dess påverkan på deras regionoch landet som helhet.

I den tredje artikeln undersöker jag de politiska effekterna av oförutseddaöppnanden av flyktingboenden i närområdet. Studien visar att mottagandet avflyktingar ökar stödet för Sverigedemokraterna bland invånarna i närområdet. Dessa effekter tycks minska med ökat avstånd och över tid.

Slutligen fokuserar den fjärde artikeln, som är samförfattad med Marcel Garz, på ägarskapets roll för den politiska biasen av tidningar. Studiens resultat visar att tidningar som ägs av samma ägare tenderar att ha en liknande ideologisk vinkling snarare än att anpassa sin bias efter preferenserna hos sina lokala läsare. Under valperioder visar samägda tidningar ännu större likhet i sin mix av politisk bias.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2023. p. 73
Series
JIBS Dissertation Series, ISSN 1403-0470 ; 154
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-62088 (URN)978-91-7914-021-2 (ISBN)978-91-7914-022-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-09-19, B1014, Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Carl-Olof och Jenz Hamrins Stiftelse
Available from: 2023-08-14 Created: 2023-08-14 Last updated: 2023-08-14Bibliographically approved

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