How come certain highly gifted individualsare not allowed to flourish and develop although theyexist in an environment that has both the means and thepossibility to assist and stimulate such development?Furthermore, how come there is such an over-emphasis on a certain group of abilities in giftedness research,whereas the study of others is more or less ignored? Finally,are there gifted individuals in our midst that weactually do not want? These are questions raised anddiscussed in this chapter. To answer them, I propose ataxonomy of gifted societal functions based on a sociobiologicalframework. The phenomena of stigmatizingand marginalizing gifted individuals are discussed inthis light. The chapter concludes by suggesting a numberof testable hypotheses regarding the predictableoutcome of gifted individuals and their function in certainsocial contexts.