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Identifying what is critical for learning ‘rate if change’: Experiences from a learning study in Sweden
Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, Praktiknära utbildningsforskning (PUF), Mathematics Education Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2199-1627
Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, Praktiknära utbildningsforskning (PUF), Mathematics Education Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7556-7974
Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, Praktiknära utbildningsforskning (PUF), Mathematics Education Research. Vasaskolan, Skövde.
2019 (English)In: Theory and practice of lesson study in mathematics: An international perspective / [ed] R. Huang, A. Takahashi & J. P. da Ponte, Cham: Springer, 2019, p. 441-456Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Learning study is an adapted version of lesson study developed in Hong Kong and Sweden. It has commonalities with lesson study but is framed within a specific pedagogical learning theory – variation theory. Central in variation theory is the object of learning and what is critical for students’ learning. Hence, as with lesson study, it is a collective and iterative work where teachers explore how they can make the object of learning available to students, but what characterises learning study is the use of a specific learning theory. In this process, special attention is paid to the critical aspects of the object of learning. We argue that to identify the aspects that are critical, the aspects need to be verified and refined in classrooms. In this chapter, we demonstrate how teachers gain knowledge about such critical aspects. Particularly, we show how these critical aspects cannot be extracted only from the mathematical content or the students pre-understanding alone, but evolve during the learning study cycles. For this we use a learning study about the mathematical topic of rate of change in grade 9 in Sweden as an illustration. We describe how an analysis of how students solved tasks in pre- and post-test and during the lessons, as well as how the mathematical content was presented in lessons, helped the teachers identify what was critical for learning to understand and express the rate of change for a dynamic situation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham: Springer, 2019. p. 441-456
Series
Advances in Mathematics Education, ISSN 1869-4918
Keywords [en]
Learning study; Critical aspects; Rate of change
National Category
Didactics Mathematics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-42201DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04031-4ISI: 000487363300022ISBN: 978-3-030-04030-7 (print)ISBN: 978-3-030-04031-4 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-42201DiVA, id: diva2:1267719
Available from: 2018-12-03 Created: 2018-12-03 Last updated: 2020-06-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Rate as the relation of changes in two quantities: A variation theory perspective of learning rate of change
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Rate as the relation of changes in two quantities: A variation theory perspective of learning rate of change
2020 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis comprises three original papers about learning rate of change in school mathematics. The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute with knowledge in this particular area of research. Within this aim, each of the original papers contribute with its own perspective. The theoretical framework used in the thesis is variation theory of learning (Marton & Booth, 1997; Marton, 2015), by which learning is seen as experiencing a phenomenon in a new way. This theoretical point of departure is reflected in the research question of the thesis: What is critical to discern to use and express rate as a measure of the relation of changes in two quantities? The empirical study was conducted as a learning study (Pang & Marton, 2003). A learning study is an iterative, interventional research arrangement in which teachers and researchers collaboratively explore a specific ability, the object of learning, worthwhile for the students to learn. The object of learning related to this thesis, ‘to express the quantitative rate of change of a linear relation’, was explored in a series of three research lessons at a secondary school. Data consists of students’ responses to written pre- and post-tests, and lesson videos. Some data have been analysed during the on-going empirical study and some data have been analysed after it was concluded. Principles from variation theory have been used as tools for analysis throughout the study. Main results of Paper I demonstrate how two critical aspects are identified and revised through the process of learning study. In Paper II the results indicate that qualitatively different questions in a task may affect students’ ways to relate changes in two quantities. The results of Paper III suggest how different perspectives of slope may promote homogeneity as an aspect of rate. Results also comprise six critical aspects of the object of learning, four of which was identified by revisiting the results of Paper II. In summary, the critical aspects also specify the meaning of a covariational perspective of rate. Results are discussed in relation to previous educational research about rate of change, covariation of quantities and students’ conceptions of rate and slope. Further research directions are suggested.

Abstract [sv]

Den här sammanläggningsuppsatsen omfattar tre artiklar om förändringstakt i matematik. Uppsatsens övergripande syfte är att bidra med kunskap till detta specifika forskningsfält. Inom ramen för detta syfte bidrar var och en av de tre artiklarna med sitt eget perspektiv. Det teoretiska ramverket i uppsatsen är variationsteori (Marton & Booth, 1997; Marton, 2015). Ur detta teoretiska perspektiv ses lärande som ett erfarande av ett fenomen på ett nytt sätt. Denna teoretiska utgångspunkt har färgat uppsatsens övergripande forskningsfråga: Vad är kritiskt att urskilja för att använda och uttrycka förändringstakt somett mått på relationen mellan förändringar i två storheter? Den empiriska studien genomfördes som en learning study (Pang et al., 2003). Learning study är en iterativ, intervenerande forskningsansats där lärare och forskare i samarbete utforskar en specifik förmåga, lärandeobjektet, något som är värdefullt för elever att lära sig. Lärandeobjektet som behandlas i denna uppsats, ’att uttrycka förändringstakten i en linjär relation kvantitativt’, utforskades i en serie av tre lektioner på en högstadieskola. Data består av elevers svar till skriftliga uppgifter i för- och eftertest, samt videoinspelade lektioner. Data har analyserats både under den pågående empiriska studien, och efter att den avslutades. Principer från variationsteori har använts som analysverktyg genom studiens gång. Huvudresultaten av Artikel I visar hur två kritiska aspekter identifieras, revideras och förfinas genom learning study som process. I Artikel II tyder resultaten på att kvalitativt olika frågor i en uppgift påverkade elevernas sätt att relatera förändringar i två storheter. Resultaten i Artikel III visar hur olika perspektiv på lutningen hos en graf kan föra fram homogenitet som en aspekt av förändringstakt. Uppsatsens resultat omfattar framför allt sex aspekter som är kritiska att urskilja för att utveckla förmågan att använda och uttrycka förändringstakt som ett mått på relationen mellan förändringar i två storheter. Fyra av dem identifierades då resultaten av Artikel II tolkades utifrån ett variationsteoretiskt perspektiv. Som helhet specificerar också de kritiska aspekterna innebörden av ett samvarierande perspektiv på förändringstakt. Resultaten diskuteras i förhållande till tidigare forskning om lärande om förändringstakt, samvariation mellan storheter och elevers uppfattningar av lutning. Några vidare forskningsriktningar pekas ut.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, 2020
Series
Forskningsrapporter från Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation ; 12
Keywords
rate of change, slope, covariation, functions, mathematics teaching and learning, variation theory, learning study, förändringstakt, lutning, samvariation, funktioner, matematiklärande, variationsteori, learning study
National Category
Didactics Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48907 (URN)978-91-88339-23-2 (ISBN)978-91-88339-24-9 (ISBN)
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-06-05 Created: 2020-06-05 Last updated: 2021-11-01Bibliographically approved

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Gunnarsson, RobertRunesson, Ulla

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