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Prefabrication of single-family timber houses - Problem areas and wastes
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Industrial Engineering and Management.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2492-5393
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
2017 (English)In: IGLC 2017 - Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction / [ed] I. Brilakis, K. Walsh & R. Sacks, International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC) , 2017, p. 837-844Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Industrialization of house building has shifted the activities traditionally done at building site to the off-site assembly. The design, manufacturing processes and on-site assembly in industrialized house building are defined and documented to form a process platform, but these must be evaluated and improved to constantly develop better and more efficient practice. Lean production and philosophy are still not well understood concepts at the shop floor and wasteful activities that decrease production efficiency are often overseen. Current waste categorizations and descriptions seem not to be addressing problem areas and occurrence of waste in prefabrication of single family timber houses. The research aim is to define problem areas that occur during the prefabrication of wall modules, associate them to eight types of waste and identify key problem areas for possible development and improvement. The study was based on secondary data from five case studies that primarily focused on identifying and proposing possibilities for development of productivity. Four problem areas were identified and the future improvement efforts for the prefabrication of single family houses can be placed on developing the processes of the assembly system problem area. The possible future study can aim at quantifying these problem areas.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC) , 2017. p. 837-844
Keywords [en]
Off-site production, Wall modules, Waste categorization, Houses, Lean production, Timber, Walls (structural partitions), Wooden construction, Future improvements, Manufacturing process, Possible futures, Process platforms, Production efficiency, Single-family house, Assembly
National Category
Construction Management
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38343DOI: 10.24928/2017/0133Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85029597744OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-38343DiVA, id: diva2:1170790
Conference
25th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, IGLC 2017, Heraklion, Greece, 9-12 July 2017
Available from: 2018-01-04 Created: 2018-01-04 Last updated: 2020-08-27Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Off-site manufacturing systems development in timber house building: Towards mass customization-oriented manufacturing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Off-site manufacturing systems development in timber house building: Towards mass customization-oriented manufacturing
2018 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The need for housing in Sweden has been showing a constant increase over the past couple of years. However, this situation might change in 2018 since there are indications that the increase in demand will reach its peak. On the other hand, the use of timber as a load bearing structure has become more popular in the multi-family house building sector. It is competing with concrete and steel frames, and its market share might even reach 50% by the year of 2025. Adding the involvement of customers in house design decisions and a high level of customization, the conclusion is that timber house building must continue the development towards mass customization. There is a lack of knowledge on how mass customization is developed and implemented regarding off-site manufacturing systems. In this thesis, a contribution is made to manufacturing system development in timber house building by proposing a novel approach to aligning off-site manufacturing systems to the requirements of production strategy, market needs, product design, and manufacturing processes. The proposed conceptual framework is a synthesis of the knowledge gained from three empirical studies and different methods found in theories of changeable manufacturing systems, mass customization, and manufacturing system development. The research purpose addressed by the presented work, is to increase the knowledge on how the development potential of off-site manufacturing systems can be identified in mass customization-oriented timber house building. Case study research was applied to gather the empirical data. The data collection and analysis methods used in the empirical studies can be useful when discussing the potential improvements. However, these data are not comprehensive enough in terms of presenting a holistic view of off-site manufacturing and consideration of the market as well as variation in product and processes. Therefore, a comprehensive set of requirements is proposed in the conceptual framework together with a step by step description of how the development potential of off-site manufacturing systems can be identified.

Abstract [sv]

Behovet av bostäder i Sverige har ständigt ökat under de senaste åren. Denna situation kan dock förändras 2018, eftersom det finns tecken på att ökningen av efterfrågan kommer att nå sin topp. Å andra sidan har användningen av trä som lastbärande konstruktion blivit mer populär i flerfamiljshusbyggnaden. Det konkurrerar med betong- och stålstomme och dess marknadsandel kan till och med nå 50% år 2025. Att lägga kundernas medverkan i husdesignbeslut och en hög anpassningsnivå är slutsatsen att trähusbyggnaden måste fortsätta utveckling mot mass customization (MC). Det finns brist på kunskap om hur MC utvecklas och implementeras när det gäller off-site tillverkningssystem. I denna avhandling görs ett bidrag till tillverkningssystemutveckling i trähusbyggnad genom att föreslå ett nytt tillvägagångssätt för att anpassa tillverkningssystem till de olika kraven av produktionsstrategier, marknaden, produktdesign och tillverkningsprocesser. Den föreslagna konceptuella ramen är en sammansättning av kunskapen från tre empiriska studier och olika metoder som finns i teorier om förändringsbara tillverkningssystem, MC och tillverkningssystemutveckling. Forskningssyftet med det presenterade arbetet är att öka kunskapen om hur utvecklingspotentialen av off-site tillverkningssystem utanför anläggningen kan identifieras i MC-orienterad trähusbyggnad. Fallstudier användes för att samla empiriska data. Datainsamlings- och analysmetoderna som används i de empiriska studierna kan vara användbara när man diskuterar potentiella förbättringar. Men denna information är inte tillräckligt komplett när det gäller att presentera enhelhetsbild av off-site tillverkning, utan en bedömning av marknaden samt kunskap om variationer i produkt- och processer behövs även. Därför presenteras det konceptuella ramverket, inklusive en kravlista samt en stegvis beskrivning av hur utvecklingspotentialen för off-site tillverkningssystem kan identifieras.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, School of Engineering, 2018. p. 77
Series
JTH Dissertation Series ; 035
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics Wood Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38611 (URN)978-91-87289-36-1 (ISBN)
Supervisors
Available from: 2018-01-19 Created: 2018-01-19 Last updated: 2020-08-27Bibliographically approved
2. The development and use of product platforms in single-family industrialized house building
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The development and use of product platforms in single-family industrialized house building
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Single-family industrialized house building is a trade characterized by a complete predefinition of products with off-the-shelf solutions offered to a market niche. Limited customization is included in the offerings in the form of a modular configuration of predefined components. A high level of prefabrication, often including volumetric elements, enables high efficiency in product variant realization processes, specifically, product specification, manufacturing, and on-site assembly. However, as the current markets are dynamic and often volatile, such offerings do not suffice in securing the success of business. Instead, offerings that include flexible product concepts with lower levels of predefinition and the concurrent achievement of high efficiency in processes using volumetric element prefabrication are needed. In this research, realizing this is characterized as the adoption of high-level mass customization.

The main value of the presented research for the practice is support for single-family industrialized house building in adopting high-level mass customization. The main enablers for the adoption of both lower and higher levels of mass customization are product platforms. The research on the development and use of product platforms has, however, been conducted mainly in multi-family industrialized house building. The differences in the types of offerings and customers between single-family and multi-family industrialized house building, reveal a research opportunity to study the development and use of product platforms in single-family industrialized house building. More specifically, the knowledge gaps include a lack of understanding regarding: the development and use of product platforms from a business model perspective, challenges for the development and use of product platforms when adopting high-level mass customization and support in addressing the identified challenges.

Therefore, the research purpose is to add to the knowledge on the development and use of product platforms and support that enables the adoption of high-level mass customization in single-family industrialized house building. The Design Research Methodology framework was used to plan and design the research. The research was conducted iteratively through four stages named: research clarification, descriptive study I, prescriptive study, and descriptive study II. The results provide an increased understanding regarding the development and use of product platforms in single-family industrialized house building through a coherent description of the product platform alignment phenomenon and the identified challenges when high-level mass customization is adopted. The results also increase knowledge regarding support in the development and use of product platforms that address the identified challenges. This part of the results is twofold. Firstly, an information modelling method is proposed, and it demonstrates how product platform use can be modelled in the design process of single-family industrialized house building. Secondly, the results demonstrate how the design module construct can be modelled using the design assets throughout the design process. To exemplify the design module construct, a configuration of the flexible volumetric elements and the panelized elements they are composed of is proposed. Process efficiency during the predefinition and modify-to-order specification of design modules is addressed. The presented research makes knowledge contributions to the theoretical fields of product platforms, building information management and business models.

Abstract [sv]

Villaindustrin är en branch som kännetecknas av fullständigt fördefinierade produkter med standard lösningar som erbjuds till en marknadsnisch. En begränsad anpassning ingår ofta i erbjudandena i form av en modulär konfiguration av fördefinierade komponenter. En hög prefabriceringsnivå, ofta bestående av volymelement, möjliggör hög effektivitet i produktvarianternas realiseringsprocesser, i synnerhet i produktspecifikation, tillverkning och montage på byggplats. Eftersom de nuvarande marknaderna är dynamiska och ofta volatila räcker emellertid inte sådana erbjudanden till för att säkerställa framgångsrika affärer. Istället behövs erbjudanden som inkluderar flexibla produktkoncept med lägre nivåer av fördefinition och som samtidigt uppnår en hög effektivitet i processer med användning av prefabricering av volymelement. I denna forskning kännetecknas denna realisering av användandet av höggradig mass-kundanspassning eller mass customization. Den industriella nyttan av den presenterade forskningen är att skapa stöd för villaindustrin att uppnå en höggradig mass customization.

De viktigaste möjliggörarna för att uppnå mass customization är produktplattformar. Forskning om utveckling och användning av produktplattformar har emellertid huvudsakligen bedrivits inom industriellt husbyggandet av flerfamiljshus. Skillnaderna i olika typer av erbjudanden och kunder mellan industriellt husbyggandet av flerfamiljshus och villaindustrin påvisar en forskningsmöjlighet att studera utvecklingen och användningen av produktplattformar inom villaindustrin. Mer specifikt inkluderar kunskapsgapen en brist för förståelse av: utveckling och användning av produktplattformar ur ett affärsmodellperspektiv, utmaningar för utveckling och användning av produktplattformar vid användning av höggradig mass customization och stöd för att hantera de identifierade utmaningarna.

Denna forskning syftar därför till att öka kunskapen om utveckling och användning av produktplattformar och stöd som möjliggör införandet av höggradig mass customization i villaindustrin. Design Research Methodology ramverket användes för att planera och designa forskningen. Forskningen genomfördes iterativt genom fyra stadier: (1) klargörande av forskningsuppgift, (2) beskrivande studie I, (3) föreskrivande studien och (4) beskrivande studie II. Resultaten ger en ökad förståelse för utveckling och användning av produktplattformar i villaindustrin genom en sammanhängande beskrivning av produktplattformens anpassningsfenomen och de identifierade utmaningarna som uppstår vid höggradig mass customization. Resultaten ger ökad kunskap om stöd vid utveckling och användning av produktplattformar som hanterar de identifierade utmaningarna. Denna del av resultaten omfattar två delar. För det första föreslås en metod för informationsmodellering som visar hur produktplattformanvändning kan modelleras i konstruktionsprocesser inom villaindustrin. För det andra visar resultaten hur design modul kan modelleras med hjälp av designtillgångarna under hela konstruktionsprocessen. För att exemplifiera ett design modul koncept föreslås en konfiguration av de flexibla volymelementen och de planelementen som de är sammansatta av. Processeffektivitet under produktfördefinition och modify-to-order produktspecifikation av designmoduler adresseras. Den presenterade forskningen ger kunskapsbidrag till de teoretiska områdena produktplattformar, BIM och affärsmodeller.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, School of Engineering, 2020. p. 65
Series
JTH Dissertation Series ; 055
Keywords
House-building industry, Modern methods of construction, Production strategy, Platform-based development, Product lifecycle management, PLM, BIM, Engineer-to-order
National Category
Construction Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50422 (URN)978-91-87289-58-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-09-25, Gjuterisalen (E1405), Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-08-27 Created: 2020-08-27 Last updated: 2021-04-06Bibliographically approved

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Citation style
  • apa
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  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
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  • Other locale
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Output format
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