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A meta survey of quality evaluation criteria in explanation methods
Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School. Department of Information Technology, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9633-0423
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Department of Computing, Jönköping AI Lab (JAIL).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8767-4136
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Department of Computing, Jönköping AI Lab (JAIL).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0412-6199
2022 (English)In: Intelligent Information Systems: CAiSE Forum 2022, Leuven, Belgium, June 6–10, 2022, Proceedings / [ed] J. De Weerdt, Jochen & A. Polyvyanyy, Cham: Springer, 2022, p. 55-63Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The evaluation of explanation methods has become a significant issue in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) due to the recent surge of opaque AI models in decision support systems (DSS). Explanations are essential for bias detection and control of uncertainty since most accurate AI models are opaque with low transparency and comprehensibility. There are numerous criteria to choose from when evaluating explanation method quality. However, since existing criteria focus on evaluating single explanation methods, it is not obvious how to compare the quality of different methods.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham: Springer, 2022. p. 55-63
Series
Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, ISSN 1865-1348, E-ISSN 1865-1356 ; 452
Keywords [en]
Explanation method, Evaluation metric, Explainable artificial intelligence, Evaluation of explainability, Comparative evaluations
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-57114DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07481-3_7ISBN: 978-3-031-07480-6 (print)ISBN: 978-3-031-07481-3 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-57114DiVA, id: diva2:1668209
Conference
CAiSE Forum 2022, Leuven, Belgium, June 6–10, 2022
Funder
Knowledge FoundationAvailable from: 2022-06-13 Created: 2022-06-13 Last updated: 2023-11-08Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Trustworthy explanations: Improved decision support through well-calibrated uncertainty quantification
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Trustworthy explanations: Improved decision support through well-calibrated uncertainty quantification
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed fields like disease diagnosis and defence. Utilising sophisticated Machine Learning (ML) models, AI predicts future events based on historical data, introducing complexity that challenges understanding and decision-making. Previous research emphasizes users’ difficulty discerning when to trust predictions due to model complexity, underscoring addressing model complexity and providing transparent explanations as pivotal for facilitating high-quality decisions.

Many ML models offer probability estimates for predictions, commonly used in methods providing explanations to guide users on prediction confidence. However, these probabilities often do not accurately reflect the actual distribution in the data, leading to potential user misinterpretation of prediction trustworthiness. Additionally, most explanation methods fail to convey whether the model’s probability is linked to any uncertainty, further diminishing the reliability of the explanations.

Evaluating the quality of explanations for decision support is challenging, and although highlighted as essential in research, there are no benchmark criteria for comparative evaluations.

This thesis introduces an innovative explanation method that generates reliable explanations, incorporating uncertainty information supporting users in determining when to trust the model’s predictions. The thesis also outlines strategies for evaluating explanation quality and facilitating comparative evaluations. Through empirical evaluations and user studies, the thesis provides practical insights to support decision-making utilising complex ML models.

Abstract [sv]

Användningen av Artificiell intelligens (AI) har förändrat områden som diagnosticering av sjukdomar och försvar. Genom att använda sofistikerade maskininlärningsmodeller predicerar AI framtida händelser baserat på historisk data. Modellernas komplexitet resulterar samtidigt i utmanande beslutsprocesser när orsakerna till prediktionerna är svårbegripliga. Tidigare forskning pekar på användares problem att avgöra prediktioners tillförlitlighet på grund av modellkomplexitet och belyser vikten av att tillhandahålla transparenta förklaringar för att underlätta högkvalitativa beslut.

Många maskininlärningsmodeller erbjuder sannolikhetsuppskattningar för prediktionerna, vilket vanligtvis används i metoder som ger förklaringar för att vägleda användare om prediktionernas tillförlitlighet. Dessa sannolikheter återspeglar dock ofta inte de faktiska fördelningarna i datat, vilket kan leda till att användare felaktigt tolkar prediktioner som tillförlitliga. Därutöver förmedlar de flesta förklaringsmetoder inte om prediktionernas sannolikheter är kopplade till någon osäkerhet, vilket minskar tillförlitligheten hos förklaringarna.

Att utvärdera kvaliteten på förklaringar för beslutsstöd är utmanande, och även om det har betonats som avgörande i forskning finns det inga benchmark-kriterier för jämförande utvärderingar.

Denna avhandling introducerar en innovativ förklaringsmetod som genererar tillförlitliga förklaringar vilka inkluderar osäkerhetsinformation för att stödja användare att avgöra när man kan lita på modellens prediktioner. Avhandlingen ger också förslag på strategier för att utvärdera kvaliteten på förklaringar och underlätta jämförande utvärderingar. Genom empiriska utvärderingar och användarstudier ger avhandlingen praktiska insikter för att stödja beslutsfattande användande komplexa maskininlärningsmodeller.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2023. p. 72
Series
JIBS Dissertation Series, ISSN 1403-0470 ; 159
Keywords
Explainable Artificial Intelligence, Interpretable Machine Learning, Decision Support Systems, Uncertainty Estimation, Explanation Methods
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects Computer Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-62865 (URN)978-91-7914-031-1 (ISBN)978-91-7914-032-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-12-12, B1014, Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-11-08 Created: 2023-11-08 Last updated: 2023-11-08Bibliographically approved

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Löfström, HelenaHammar, KarlJohansson, Ulf

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