The differences between firms‘ book values and market values has drawn attention to investigate what factors are causing this phenomenon. A considerable amount of research was dedicated to investigating the association between firms‘ innovative activity, which results in the patenting of new products or services and firms market value in the context of United States. However, not many studies of similar kind are documented in the Swedish firms context. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the previous studies, and analyze whether and how patents and R&D are associated with Swedish firms‘ market values. For this study the cross-section and time-series data were collected from publicly listed Swedish companies’ financial statements and the Amadeus database. Investigation begins with an attempt to find out whether R&D and patents are associated. Finally, the hypothesis is tested whether patents are positively associated with Swedish firms’ market values. The results partially support the expectations. There was no strong statistical association found between R&D and patents, however in the final model patents were found to be positively associated with Swedish firms’ market values. A conclusion can be drawn that the patent is a powerful device providing incentives for innovation, while innovation in products and services ensures that our quality of life is increasing.