Objective. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that root-filled teeth are at a higher caries risk than non-root-filled teeth. Materials and methods. Two sub-samples from epidemiologically obtained data collected in 1983, 1993 and 2003 in the city of Jönköping, Sweden, were analysed. All the participants were examined clinically and radiographically and the type of filling and the presence or absence of caries were recorded. Sub-sample 1 comprised 832 individuals (9202 teeth) aged 20–70 years with at least eight premolars/molars. In sub-sample 2, 163 subjects (577 teeth) with only one or two decayed tooth surfaces and at least one tooth with full crown coverage were analysed. Results . Logistic regression analysis found that root-filled teeth were predictive of recurrent caries when controlling for the type of restoration in sub-sample 1 (OR = 1.68; 1.41–2.0; CI 95%) and sub-sample 2 (OR = 2.20; 1.07–4.52; CI 95%). Conclusion . In support of the suggested hypothesis, the data revealed a significant association between root-filled teeth and recurrent caries.Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00016357.2011.572291