The purposes of meat inspection have been formulated for more than 100 years as (a) protecting health of consumers, (b) maintain the reputation of the meats in home and export markets, and (c) detecting communicable diseases of animals before they have spread beyond easy control. Today, one would add to protect animal welfare, clarify that protecting consumer health includes both chemical and biological hazards, and add food fraud to the issues of reputation. To transform the scientific knowledge into modern meat safety assurance systems (MSAS), the risk managers need to understand the social capital in the meat value chain to align the behaviors of farmers, food business operators and competent authorities with technical knowledge. The meat value chain could be perceived as a commons – a material or immaterial property held jointly by the members of a community, whom may govern access to and use of the property through social structures, traditions, and/or formal rules i.e. social capital. The social capital and food safety culture amongst farmers and food business operators is a key driver for successful meat safety while information asymmetry increases risks for a tragedy of commons scenario. Ostrom's core design principles for stable commons could inform the design of MSASs. Tools for reducing the information asymmetry and building trust and social capital between all stakeholders within the meat value chain include the food safety culture, food chain information, use of health epidemiological indicators, sensors and block chains, industry/private standards, and the applying system approach from farm to fork.

Ingress: Värnamo kommun har hamnat i en rävsax till följd av de krav Svenska Fotbollsförbundet (SvFF) ställer på arenor för föreningar som når svensk elitfotboll. Antingen beslutar man om att starta arenabygget eller väljer att skjuta upp detta byggande tre år.

Regelrådet skal bidra til mer verdiskapning gjennom at unødvendige byrder ikke pålegges næringslivet. Siden saksarbeidet startet i juni 2016, har Regelrådet pekt på flere områder hvor beslutningsgrunnlaget for nytt og endret regelverk har vært mangelfullt.

Health care systems around the globe are facing great challenges. The demand for health care is increasing due to the continuous development of new medical technologies, changing demographics, increasing income levels, and greater expectations from patients. The possibilities and willingness to expand health care resources, however, are limited. Consequently, health care organizations are increasingly required to take economic restrictions into account, and there is an urgent need for improved efficiency. It is reasonable to ask whether the health economics field of today is prepared and equipped to help us meet these challenges. Our aim with this article is twofold: to introduce the fields of behavioral and experimental economics and to then identify and characterize health economics areas where these two fields have a promising potential. We also discuss the advantages of a pluralistic view in health economics research, and we anticipate a dynamic future for health economics.

This chapter presents a methodological analysis of the use of the efficient-market hypothesis in the recent financial crisis.

This is a review of Aki Lehtinen, Jaakko Kuorikoski, and Petri Ylikoski’s "Economics for real: Uskali Mäki and the place of truth in economics".

The Stern Review, Stern (2007), received a lot of attention upon its release. It also resulted in an intense and interesting debate within climate change economics. One of the central issues has been the question of the appropriate discount rate to use and more generally the proper role of ethics in an economic analysis of this kind. Some have argued against incorporating ethical considerations at all, while others argue that Stern did not involve ethics enough. There are also those who question whether Stern provided an economic analysis at all. This paper analyzes Stern (2007) and the surrounding debate from a methodological point of view. Basically three conclusions are reached. First, Stern involves a number of different kinds of interdisciplinarity based on the Mäki (2007) characterization of interdisciplinarity. Second, the interaction of economics and ethics is unavoidable within climate change research. Third, Stern uses a modified version of the standard economic approach to climate change and the deviations are well motivated (i.e. it is still a valuable economic analysis).

I denna rapport analyseras principer för hur ett monetärt värde för koldioxidutsläpp i samhällsekonomiskakalkyler av infrastrukturprojekt kan fastställas. I syftet ingår också att behandla de fundamentalaosäkerheter som uppstår i samband med koldioxidvärdering. Rapporten syftar dock inte till att föreslå ettvärde.

Vi argumenterar för att det värde som används i kalkylerna måste härledas från den existerande och iframtiden förväntade politik som riktas mot transportsektorn. Den nuvarande och framtida politikenutgår delvis från kostnadsestimat och övrig klimatrelaterad forskning som finns tillgänglig. Vi beskriverdetta som en tvåstegsprocess där politikerna i steg ett tar del av befintlig information och utifrån dettautformar en politik. I steg två skapar politiken ett skuggpris och detta är vad som ska återspeglas i densamhällsekonomiska kalkylen.

I närtid argumenterar vi för att ett relevant spann för värdet mellan 0,20 och 2 kr per kg CO2. Det lägreintervallet följer av priset på utsläppsrätter inom EU ETS och det högre grundar sig på en SIKA-bedömning.Vidare argumenterar vi för att CO2-värdet i kalkylerna bör förändras över tid givet att det är troligtatt klimatpolitiken blir striktare.