Bakgrund/Syfte

Aktivitetsbalans definieras som att: ”uppfatta livet som innehållande rätt mängd och rätt variation mellan olika aktiviteter i relation till: aktivitetskategorier, aktiviteter med olika karaktäristika samt tidsanvändning”. Aktivitetsbalans ses alltså som personens egna subjektiva upplevelse av sin mix av aktiviteter i aktivitetsmönstret oberoende av vilka aktiviteter som ingår. Baserat på denna definition utvecklades ett instrument för självskattad aktivitetsbalans (OBQ11) som är reliabilitets- och validitetstestat och avsett att användas både i praxis och forskning.

Metod/Tillvägagångssätt

Instrumentet har utvecklats stegvis. Först identifierades ett antal indikatorer på aktivitetsbalans baserat på forskning samt erfarenheter från praxis. Utifrån dessa indikatorer utvecklades ett antal påståenden som granskades av experter inom området. Baserat på deras synpunkter omformulerades och reducerades antalet påståenden. Denna första version testades med klassisk testteori. Därefter gjordes en Raschanalys och antalet påståenden reducerades till nuvarande version, OBQ11.

Resultat/Preliminärt resultat

Instrumentet består av 11 påståenden där svaren kan användas som en screening för att få en bild av hur aktivitetsbalansen ser ut. I praxis behöver OBQ11 kompletteras med en dialog för att få en större förståelse för personens aktivitetsbalans och vad som eventuellt behöver förändras för att personen ska uppleva en bättre aktivitetsbalans. Instrumentet kan också användas som uppföljning och utvärdering av interventioner i både praxis och forskning. Instrumentet självskattad aktivitetsbalans (OBQ11) ges from hösten 2022 ut av Sveriges Arbetsterapeuter.

Slutsats/Praktisk tillämpning

Instrumentet självskattad aktivitetsbalans (OBQ11) är testat i olika grupper, både i normalpopulationer och i olika diagnosgrupper och är validerat och reliabelt för dessa grupper. Det är ännu inte testat på barn och ungdomar.

Introduction: Occupational balance and satisfaction with daily occupations are two central concepts in occupational science. The aim of the present study was therefore to explore associations between different aspects of occupational balance and satisfaction with daily occupations. A second aim was to explore whether different aspects of occupational balance predicted satisfaction with daily occupations 12 months later.

Methods: The present study had an exploratory correlational longitudinal pilot study design and was part of a project in which the Tree Theme Method was evaluated for patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Data collected directly after the intervention (n=107) and 12 months later (n=84) were used in the present study. The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ) and the Satisfaction with Daily Occupations (SDO) were used, and binary logistic regressions were used to explore associations between them.

Results: Statistically significant associations were found between the following aspects of occupational balance: Balance between work, home, family, leisure, rest, and sleep; Having neither too much nor too little to do during a regular week; Satisfaction with time spent in rest, recovery, and sleep and satisfaction with daily occupations directly after the intervention. The occupational balance item Balance between energy-giving/energy-taking occupations directly after the intervention predicted satisfaction with daily occupations 12 months later.

Conclusion: This study provides some support for the assumption about an association between occupational balance and satisfaction with daily occupations. Studies with larger sample sizes and in other cultures are recommended to confirm the presence of these associations and/or to find other associations.

Introduction: Occupational balance is a fundamental concept that plays an influential role in enhancing health and well-being.

Method: The Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 was administered to 157 healthy individuals in the test phase and 80 healthy individuals in the retest phase. Floor or ceiling effects, construct validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, standard error of the measurement and smallest detectable change were examined.

Results: The Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 showed no missing responses. There were no floor or ceiling effects for the total score. The independent t-test did not show a statistically significant difference between groups (based on age category, marital status and job status) that didn’t support discriminant validity. Factor analysis demonstrated a three-factor solution for the Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 which jointly accounted for 57.62% of the total variance. There was high internal consistency for test (α = 0.813) and retest (α = 0.853). The test–retest reliability for Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 with a 1-week interval was excellent (ICCagreement = 0.880). The standard error of the measurement and smallest detectable change were 2.02 and 5.60, respectively.

Conclusion: Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing occupational balance in healthy Persian-speaking participants.

IMPORTANCE: Although occupational balance (OB) is a construct of importance to occupational therapy, existing OB assessments have not been validated in clinical populations.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity and reliability of the 11-item version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) in U.S. adults with Type 1 diabetes.

DESIGN: Data were analyzed from adults with Type 1 diabetes enrolled in a larger longitudinal study examining the relationships among blood glucose, emotion, and functioning. Dimensionality of the OBQ11 was assessed with item response theory (IRT); convergent validity was tested by examining whether associations between the OBQ11 and other constructs were consistent with a priori hypotheses.

SETTING: Three outpatient clinical sites in the United States.

PARTICIPANTS: Data from 208 U.S. adults with Type 1 diabetes were included in the analyses (42% Latino, 29% White, 14% African American, 7% multiethnic, and 8% other).

OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Assessments administered include the OBQ11, Patient Health Questionnaire (depression), and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire.

RESULTS: Overall, results from IRT models and correlational tests supported the reliability and validity of the OBQ11. For instance, higher scores on the OBQ11 were significantly associated with better self-ratings of diabetes management behaviors (r = .28, p < .001), lower depression symptoms (r = -.53, p < .001), and greater positive affect (r = .32, p < .001). A single-factor generalized partial credit model fit the OBQ11 acceptably well, supporting its unidimensionality.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The OBQ11 may be a reliable and valid measure of OB appropriate for use in clinical populations such as adults with diabetes. What This Article Adds: OB is not often formally assessed by occupational therapists in the United States, even though the contributions of OB to health and well-being are core components of the philosophy of occupational therapy. The current evidence supports the validity of the OBQ11 in a clinical population of adults with Type 1 diabetes and demonstrates significant associations between OB and health management behaviors. Study results may encourage greater consideration and assessment of OB in occupational therapy clinical practice in the United States.

Background: People with psychiatric disabilities often find it difficult to maintain a satisfactory occupational balance.

Aims/objectives: This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-T) in mental health.

Material and methods: OBQ11-T was applied to 149 people for construct validity analysis and to 61 of them for reliability analysis. Validity was determined using factor analyses. The reliability of the OBQ between the first and second evaluations was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each item and the total OBQ11-T score. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.

Results: The results of factor analysis revealed one factor that explains 35.94% of the total variance in the model. OBQ11-T item 1 had the lowest and OBQ11-T item 4 had the highest factor loadings. The model fits the data according to the indices of relative fit (RMSEA = 0.087, CMIN/DF = 2.129, CFI = 0.901). There was an excellent correlation between test and retest OBQ11-T total scores (ICC = 0.905). All items of the OBQ11-T showed good reliability. Cronbach’s alpha for the OBQ11-T total score was 0.839, indicating acceptable internal consistency.

Conclusions and significance: The current study showed that OBQ11-T is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the self-rated occupational balance of people with mental illness.

Antecedentes: El equilibrio ocupacional es un concepto importante en la ciencia ocupacional, aunque su estudio se ha realizado principalmente desde una perspectiva individual. Otra perspectiva relevante en el equilibrio ocupacional es la perspectiva interpersonal, por ejemplo, en qué medida el equilibrio ocupacional de una persona afecta a los demás y se ve afectado por estos. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir en qué medida se ha abordado recientemente el equilibrio ocupacional desde una perspectiva interpersonal.

Métodos: Se ha utilizado una metodología de revisión de alcance. Se utilizaron datos de artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2017 que cumplían los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos completos que recogían una investigación primaria; publicados en inglés; incluían los conceptos «equilibrio ocupacional», «equilibrio en la vida cotidiana» o «equilibrio personal» en el resumen, en las palabras clave o en el título; tener un foco ocupacional en el equilibrio; y aportar información relevante respecto a la perspectiva interpersonal.

Resultados: Se incluyeron nueve artículos. La perspectiva interpersonal se vio principalmente respecto a parejas o familias, cosa que muestra el impacto positivo del apoyo y el impacto negativo de las madres de satisfacer las necesidades de los demás. Un artículo abordó aspectos relacionados con organizaciones y actitudes en el lugar de trabajo en padres respecto a hijos pequeños.

Conclusión: Los hallazgos evidencian la importancia de considerar el equilibrio ocupacional de la persona y de su entorno, mostrando, al mismo tiempo, algunas de las complejidades del equilibrio ocupacional. La cantidad limitada de artículos identificados indica que todavía existe una falta de estudios que apliquen una perspectiva interpersonal, por lo que profundizar en los análisis de la influencia interpersonal en el equilibrio ocupacional podría ser una senda fructífera que convendría emprender.