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Eklund, Johan
Alternative names
Publications (10 of 91) Show all publications
Andersson, M., Eklund, J. & Tsvetkova, A. (2023). Spatial variations in financial constraints of SMEs-evidence from firm-level estimates of investment-cash flow sensitivities in Sweden. Small Business Economics, 60, 1683-1698
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Spatial variations in financial constraints of SMEs-evidence from firm-level estimates of investment-cash flow sensitivities in Sweden
2023 (English)In: Small Business Economics, ISSN 0921-898X, E-ISSN 1573-0913, Vol. 60, p. 1683-1698Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

It is well established that there is uneven availability of credit across space, in particular for SMEs. The evidence on whether this translates into differences in actual business investments remains scarce. We assess this question by using firm-level data for Swedish firms and estimate the extent to which the average investment-cash flow sensitivities of firms vary across the urban–rural hierarchy. We find that the world of financing is not yet flat for the majority of Swedish SMEs. Companies located in non-metro regions are most dependent on own cash flow in their investments. The results hold for all firms, firms of different sizes, firms operating in low-end services, unaffiliated firms and those belonging to domestic corporations. In contrast, investment-cash flow sensitivity of firms operating in high-tech services and those belonging to a multinational enterprise does not differ geographically. On average, regional investment-cash flow sensitivity is lower in bigger, denser and more educated local labour market regions; it is higher in regions with greater concentration of SMEs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2023
Keywords
Sweden, SMEs, Financial constraints, Urban-rural continuum, Access to finance, Investment decisions
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-58512 (URN)10.1007/s11187-022-00673-y (DOI)000849463700002 ()2-s2.0-85137497065 (Scopus ID)HOA;intsam;832357 (Local ID)HOA;intsam;832357 (Archive number)HOA;intsam;832357 (OAI)
Available from: 2022-09-19 Created: 2022-09-19 Last updated: 2023-06-30Bibliographically approved
Lappi, E., Eklund, J. & Klaesson, J. (2022). Does education matter for the earnings of former entrepreneurs?: Longitudinal evidence using entry and exit dynamics. Journal of evolutionary economics, 32, 827-865
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Does education matter for the earnings of former entrepreneurs?: Longitudinal evidence using entry and exit dynamics
2022 (English)In: Journal of evolutionary economics, ISSN 0936-9937, E-ISSN 1432-1386, Vol. 32, p. 827-865Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Wage employment is the most commonly observed type of employment after a spell of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of having been an entrepreneur on earnings after individuals exit. The question is how the entrepreneurship spell influences their value in the labor market? Based on a theoretical framework and earlier literature, our specific interest lies in how these outcomes interact with education level and the nature of the entrepreneurial venture. To investigate this question, we use longitudinal register data on firms and individuals in Sweden. The empirical strategy builds on matching techniques and estimations of earnings equations in a difference-in-differences framework with heterogenous treatment years. We provide evidence that there exists an earnings penalty when highly educated entrepreneurs return to wage employment. This effect is persistent throughout the time period that we observe. For individuals with lower educational attainment, we find no or weak evidence of a wage penalty. Our results suggest that the wage penalty for highly educated individuals operates through the depreciation of specific specialized skills valuable in wage employment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2022
Keywords
Earnings, Entrepreneurship exit, Education, Labor Mobility
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-56382 (URN)10.1007/s00191-022-00770-x (DOI)000786305200001 ()2-s2.0-85128708727 (Scopus ID)HOA;;810902 (Local ID)HOA;;810902 (Archive number)HOA;;810902 (OAI)
Funder
VinnovaMarianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation
Available from: 2022-05-05 Created: 2022-05-05 Last updated: 2022-09-19Bibliographically approved
Broström, A., Eklund, J., Kardelo, M., Svensson, M. & Thulin, P. (2022). Entreprenörskap i Sverige – Nationell GEM-rapport 2022. Örebro: Entreprenörskapsforum
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Entreprenörskap i Sverige – Nationell GEM-rapport 2022
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2022 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Från förordet: Årets rapport kartlägger det svenska entreprenörskapets utveckling under en turbulent tid präglad av pandemi, restriktioner och nedstängningar av hela samhällen vilket du kan läsa om i kapitel två. Trots pandemin ökar svenskt entreprenörskap under 2021 till nio procent (TEA) vilket är den högsta siffran som redovisats i GEM-projektet för Sveriges del sedan 2010. En minst sagt glädjande siffra.

Det är emellertid inte en anledning att luta sig tillbaka. Världen står inför stora utmaningar i form av komponentbrist, störningar i leveranskedjor samt en oroande geopolitisk situation, inte minst i och med Rysslands invasion av Ukraina. Därtill kan tilläggas att Sverige dras med olösta och kända problem som till exempel en dysfunktionell arbetsmarknad präglad av kompetensbrist kombinerat med hög arbetslöshet och låg självförsörjningsgrad bland stora delar av befolkningen.

I årets rapport görs även nedslag i entreprenörernas relation till miljömässig- och social hållbarhet. Svenska entreprenörer uppvisar på intet sätt det största engagemanget för bland annat miljömässig hållbarhet globalt sett. Men det finns anledning att tro att det åtminstone delvis kan bero på att företagare i Sverige ställer högre krav inom sin verksamhet, speciellt jämfört med företagare i utvecklingsländer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Entreprenörskapsforum, 2022. p. 54
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-56328 (URN)978-91-89301-26-9 (ISBN)
Available from: 2022-05-02 Created: 2022-05-02 Last updated: 2022-05-02Bibliographically approved
Andersson, M., Deiaco, E. & Eklund, J. (2021). Swedish perspectives on industrial policy: The Washington Consensus and beyond. In: M. Andersson, E. Deiaco & J. Eklund (Ed.), Swedish perspectives on industrial policy: The Washington Consensus and beyond (pp. 7-24). Örebro: Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish perspectives on industrial policy: The Washington Consensus and beyond
2021 (English)In: Swedish perspectives on industrial policy: The Washington Consensus and beyond / [ed] M. Andersson, E. Deiaco & J. Eklund, Örebro: Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum , 2021, p. 7-24Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum, 2021
Series
Swedish Economic Forum Report ; 2021
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-55129 (URN)978-91-89301-23-8 (ISBN)
Available from: 2021-11-22 Created: 2021-11-22 Last updated: 2021-11-22Bibliographically approved
Andersson, M., Deiaco, E. & Eklund, J. (Eds.). (2021). Swedish perspectives on industrial policy: The Washington Consensus and beyond. Örebro: Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish perspectives on industrial policy: The Washington Consensus and beyond
2021 (English)Collection (editor) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This year Swedish Economic Forum Report examines industrial policy. Over the 20th century industrial policy has been used for promoting economic development in both advanced industrialized countries as well as in developing countries. However, there is no real consensus as to what industrial policy encompasses orhow effective it is for achieving economic development. In recent years, geopolitical and geoeconomic considerations have spurred a renewed interest and advocacy for the use of industrial policy.

In the report we assess this new interest for industrial policy from a Swedish and international perspective. The various chapters in the report describes experiences and impacts of conducting industrial policies in Sweden, UK, Germany, and China. The chapters address different theoretical and empirical perspectives of industrial policies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum, 2021. p. 185
Series
Swedish Economic Forum Report ; 2021
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-55127 (URN)978-91-89301-23-8 (ISBN)
Funder
Vinnova
Available from: 2021-11-22 Created: 2021-11-22 Last updated: 2021-11-22Bibliographically approved
Braunerhjelm, P., Eklund, J. & Thulin, P. (2021). Taxes, the tax administrative burden and the entrepreneurial life cycle. Small Business Economics, 56(2), 681-694
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Taxes, the tax administrative burden and the entrepreneurial life cycle
2021 (English)In: Small Business Economics, ISSN 0921-898X, E-ISSN 1573-0913, Vol. 56, no 2, p. 681-694Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present a modified version of the entrepreneurial choice model, where it is shown that the expected utility of becoming an entrepreneur is decreasing in both the levels of taxes and the tax administrative burden. We extend previous empirical findings by examining how these variables influence entrepreneurs at different stages in the entrepreneurial life cycle. Our findings imply that the effect of the tax administrative burden varies over the entrepreneurial life cycle from strongly negative to insignificant. The most pronounced negative effects appear in the early stages of entrepreneurship. We conclude that a 10% reduction in the tax administrative burden increases the propensity for new business establishments by 4%. Our findings support the idea that tax simplification is one way to encourage entrepreneurship, without any reduction in tax revenues.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2021
Keywords
Entrepreneurship, Life cycle, Tax administrative burden, Tax complexity
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44616 (URN)10.1007/s11187-019-00195-0 (DOI)000629304500009 ()2-s2.0-85066304891 (Scopus ID)HOA;;1326423 (Local ID)HOA;;1326423 (Archive number)HOA;;1326423 (OAI)
Available from: 2019-06-18 Created: 2019-06-18 Last updated: 2021-04-08Bibliographically approved
Eklund, J., Deiaco, E., Ageberg, E. & Wiberg, D. (2021). Återstart, lägre arbetslöshet och högre självförsörjningsgrad: vilka hinder ser företagen för att anställa?. Örebro: Entreprenörskapsforum
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Återstart, lägre arbetslöshet och högre självförsörjningsgrad: vilka hinder ser företagen för att anställa?
2021 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Baksidestext: Entreprenörskap medför fler arbetstillfällen, ökat välstånd och nya varor och tjänster som underlättar vardagen för alla. Dessvärre dras Sverige med en rad strukturella problem som hindrar ekonomisk utveckling, bland annat saknar en stor grupp människor i dagsläget självförsörjning genom arbete. Samtidigt har arbetsgivare svårt att hitta personal med rätt kompetens. Dessutom skapar regleringar och skatter barriärer som hindrar företag att anställa. Vilka reformer krävs för att påskynda den ekonomiska återstarten efter pandemin och lägga grunden för framtida svenskt välstånd?

I rapporten Återstart, lägre arbetslöshet och högre självförsörjningsgrad – Vilka hinder ser företagen för att anställa? går författarna igenom angelägna ekonomipolitiska reformområden och lämnar policyförslag som kan lägga grunden till fortsatt svenskt välstånd.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Entreprenörskapsforum, 2021. p. 39
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-55257 (URN)978-91-89301-24-5 (ISBN)
Available from: 2021-12-06 Created: 2021-12-06 Last updated: 2021-12-06Bibliographically approved
Eklund, J. (2020). Alltför ljus bild av den ekonomiska integrationen. Svenska Dagbladet, 16 april
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Alltför ljus bild av den ekonomiska integrationen
2020 (Swedish)In: Svenska Dagbladet, Vol. 16 aprilArticle in journal, Editorial material (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.)) Published
Abstract [sv]

Ingress: Den ekonomiska kris som följer pandemin kommer att blottlägga ett stort ekonomiskt utanförskap. Redan under högkonjunkturen saknade en klar majoritet av utrikes födda självförsörjning, skriver professor Johan Eklund.

National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51440 (URN)
Available from: 2021-01-12 Created: 2021-01-12 Last updated: 2021-01-12Bibliographically approved
Eklund, J., Levratto, N. & Ramello, G. B. (2020). Entrepreneurship and failure: two sides of the same coin?. Small Business Economics, 54(2), 373-382
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Entrepreneurship and failure: two sides of the same coin?
2020 (English)In: Small Business Economics, ISSN 0921-898X, E-ISSN 1573-0913, Vol. 54, no 2, p. 373-382Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper attempts to shed light on the nexus of relationships existing between failure, bankruptcy, institutional context, and local characteristics on one hand and entrepreneurship, firm survival, and performance on the other. The aim is to provide a larger vantage point from which to read the research included in this issue with the overall ambition to contribute to a better understanding of our entrepreneurial societies and the role of failure within markets. In this respect, the focus here is mainly on the institutions governing the bankruptcy procedures which do much more than simply regulating the exit of insolvent firms and protecting creditors’ investments, minimizing the social cost of failures. They set up the revolving doors through which creditors can reinvest the recovered capital in new entrepreneurial projects and failed entrepreneurs can bring back to the market their skills and their entrepreneurial spirit for fostering new and hopefully successful ventures. Therefore, by managing bankruptcy, the institutions are not only protecting the economy. Instead, they have become a tool of economic policy, devoted to the delicate issue of regulating a physiological event to the market while avoiding too much waste of resources. In a more positive perspective, managing insolvency and failure is also a mean to strengthen competitiveness and growth, making it possible to stimulate the market in reshuffling skills and resources into new activities. A deeper understanding can in turn contribute to the implementation of better and more efficient policies by integrating bankruptcy as a natural component of firm and market life.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2020
Keywords
Bankruptcy, codes: D22, Entrepreneurship, Failure, Firms, G33, Insolvency, L26
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52381 (URN)10.1007/s11187-018-0039-z (DOI)2-s2.0-85045246829 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-05-04 Created: 2021-05-04 Last updated: 2021-05-04Bibliographically approved
Desai, S., Eklund, J. & Lappi, E. (2020). Entry Regulation and Persistence of Profits in Incumbent Firms. Review of Industrial Organization, 57, 537-558
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Entry Regulation and Persistence of Profits in Incumbent Firms
2020 (English)In: Review of Industrial Organization, ISSN 0889-938X, E-ISSN 1573-7160, Vol. 57, p. 537-558Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In line with the theory of creative destruction, industries where incumbent firms generate high profits will attract entry, which should drive down profits. This disciplinary effect of entry implies that profits above the norm should not exist in the long run. Factors that affect entry—such as entry regulations—could affect this profits convergence process. Using an unbalanced panel of firm- and country-level data for approximately 13,000 firms in 33 countries between 2005 and 2013, we examine the profit dynamics of incumbent firms in the context of entry and entry regulations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2020
Keywords
Creative destruction, Entrepreneurship, Entry, Entry regulation, Incumbent firm, Profit
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50807 (URN)10.1007/s11151-020-09787-7 (DOI)000572836500001 ()2-s2.0-85091537101 (Scopus ID)HOA;intsam;1474326 (Local ID)HOA;intsam;1474326 (Archive number)HOA;intsam;1474326 (OAI)
Funder
VinnovaMarianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation
Available from: 2020-10-08 Created: 2020-10-08 Last updated: 2021-02-25Bibliographically approved
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