Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is known to provoke anxiety among children, and they may need to be examined with the help of anaesthesia, which has risks. An instrument is needed to evaluate children's anxiety related to a procedure with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The study aims to adapt and evaluate a children's version of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire.

Methods: The ‘Magnetic Resonance Imaging Child-Anxiety Questionnaire’ (MRIC-AQ) was drafted by an expert group consisting of a paediatric nurse, a teacher and two radiographers. This version was discussed in focus groups consisting of 10 children between the ages of four and 12 years. The children's suggestions were summarised and analysed using thematic analysis. The revised questionnaire was again discussed with focus groups of children before a paediatric nurse made final readjustments. For a basic psychometric analysis, children undergoing MRI-examinations without anaesthesia were asked to answer the MRIC-AQ.

Results: Responses to the questionnaire were gathered from 77 children (girls = 44, boys = 33) aged five to12 years (M = 9.3, SD = 1.7). Only two missing data points were found. The median of the total scale score was 25 (P₂₅–P₇₅ = 21–29), which is below the midpoint of the scale. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 (95 % CI = 0.78–0.89).

Conclusion: The MRIC-AQ has been developed with the help of children. It has satisfactory elementary psychometric properties and will be a useful tool for investigating different interventions for children.

Implications for practice: This new instrument (MRIC-AQ) is considered to be of great value when different kinds of interventions are evaluated, all to make MRI examinations as positive an experience as possible. This helps children to undergo examinations without fear.

Introduction: To minimise the risks associated with ionising radiation, it is necessary for all staff involved to employ specific techniques to reduce radiation exposure of the patient. These techniques include using compression during examinations of the pelvic region and lumbar spine, using a gonad shield, and asking women if they are pregnant. However, some staff do not use these techniques consistently. Increasing compliance requires determining why staff are non-compliant. Thus, this study aims to qualitatively investigate why radiographers do not use these techniques.

Methods: This qualitative study is based on a cross-sectional electronic survey with open-ended questions. The data were analysed using an inductive qualitative content analysis with quantification of the findings. In total, 111 radiographers from 20 hospitals in Sweden participated.

Results: Three categories appear related to barriers that could obstruct the radiographer from using compression, gonad shields and asking about pregnancy: patient characteristics, interaction between the patient and the radiographer and issues related to the situation and examination.

Conclusions: The barriers to not using radiation protection measures varied depending on the specific measure. However, the barriers were mainly related to the patient experiencing pain, communication difficulties and cultural reasons. In addition, the lack of adequate and user-friendly equipment was seen as a barrier to applying compression and using gonad shielding.

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorders are frequent visitors to high technology environments, and their needs may differ from those of their typically developed peers. Procedures in high technology environments can constitute a challenge for these children and their parents since the environment presents many challenges relevant to the child’s impairments. This systematic review aimed to explore the experiences of children with autism spectrum disorders and their parents during procedures in a high technology environment. Methods: The following sources were searched for this systematic review: Cochrane CENTRAL Trials, CINAHL, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. The search terms included variants of the following concepts: (1) children with autism spectrum disorder and/or their parents and (2) anesthesia or radiographic departments. Publications were not limited by date or study design. Result: Out of 13,389 bibliographic records, nine studies were eligible for synthesis. After another search in October 2022, one additional study was eligible for synthesis.None of the studies reported children’s experiences, and all ten reported their parents’ experiences. Only one study was conducted in a radiographic context. Parents’ experiences were both positive and negative and were categorized into two main categories: (1) challenges in a new environment and (2) health care professionals’ approaches. Conclusion: Studies describing children’s experiences with procedures in high technology environments are lacking. The parents described a need for health care professionals to work in structured ways with their child and to be able to make suitable adaptations. Systematic review registration: This systematic review was registered in advance on the Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5TXWJ .

Aim/Introduction: An 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination requires the patient to follow instructions before and during the examination procedure to ensure a high image quality. There is thus a need to develop ways to ensure that patients absorb the information given in connection with the examination. Aim To develop communication support for information sharing related to an18F-FDG-PET/CT examination. Materials and Methods: The study has a qualitative design adapting a multiphase structure. A prototype of the communication support consisting of illustrations and text related to an 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination was developed. Interviews were conducted with patients scheduled for an 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination for the frst time and questionnaires were collected from health care professionalswith experience of 18F-FDG-PET/CT. The communication support was revised until consensus about the material. Results: The results are based on interviews with patients (n=10) and questionnaires collected from health care professionals (n=9).The overall theme revealed that information in conjunction with the 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination is a balancing act betweentext and illustrations. The analysis showed two categories;“illustrations as a complement” and “easy to understand lay-out”. Conclusion: The participants strengthened the development of the communication-support by bringing in valuable viewpoints from various perspectives. The results support a person-centered approach, where the information in conjunction with an 18F-FDGPET/CT examination can be adapted to each patient’s needs as a balancing act between text and illustrations.

Our aim was to develop communication support material for information sharing related to an ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination.

Methods: The study had a qualitative design adapting a multiphase structure. A prototype of communication support material consisting of illustrations and text related to an ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination was developed. Interviews were conducted with patients scheduled for an ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination for the first time, and questionnaires were collected from health care professionals with experience in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. The communication support material was revised until consensus was reached about it.

Results: The results are based on interviews with patients (n = 10) and questionnaires collected from health care professionals (n = 9). The overall theme revealed that patient information about an ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination is a balancing act between text and illustrations. The analysis showed 2 categories: "illustrations as a complement" and "easy-to-understand layout."

Conclusion: The participants strengthened the development of the communication support material by bringing in valuable viewpoints from various perspectives. The results support a person-centered approach in which information about an ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination can be adapted to each patient's needs as a balancing act between text and illustrations.

PURPOSE: To explore actions taken by health care professionals during a procedure with a child with autism spectrum disorder.

DESIGN AND METHOD: Critical incident technique was used, which is a technique with a qualitative descriptive retrospective design, to capture situations experienced by health care professionals during a procedure in an anaesthesia or radiology department. Health care professionals from anaesthesia and radiology departments (n = 20) were interviewed about situations affecting the procedure.

RESULTS: The findings revealed a broad range of actions (n = 205) taken by the health care professionals during a procedure with a child with autism spectrum disorder. The analysis resulted in two main areas: Finding a way to facilitate a procedure in a high technology environment and Creating a trustful relationship with a child with autism spectrum disorder. The most common action in the first area, was to adjust routines. In the second area the most common action was to take one step at a time and not force or rush the child during the procedure.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The health care professionals used a broad range of different actions to facilitate a procedure in the high technology environment for a child with ASD, which indicates the need for a flexible approach. The actions taken included both adjustments to the environment and enhancing interactions with the child.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture is a serious affliction that requires fast care and an X-ray examination, which are provided by an ambulance and a visit to the radiology department, respectively. If a well-functioning mobile X-ray service could be developed, by examining the patient in their own home, both the work strain of hospital workers and patient suffering could be reduced. The purpose of this study was to determine if the mobile X-ray service could be a supplement to the fast-track process that is utilised by the ambulance service. The study also examines other department's opinion of this implementation.

METHODS: A mixed method was used where data from a Swedish hospital's local RIS/PACS was collected from 706 patients for quantitative analysis, and six personnel working at the hospital were interviewed to obtain qualitative data.

RESULTS: The quantitative data demonstrates that the actual mobile X-ray service cannot act in such an acute manner as an ambulance service due to the staffing problems that the hospital is faced with, but with optimal staffing, radiographs with mobile X-ray service could be performed within an acute timeframe. The qualitative data shows that there is a strong wish for the mobile X-ray service to expand and be more active, but this requires a better staffing situation in the radiology department and better communication possibilities between other departments.

CONCLUSION: The mobile X-ray service is desirable in the investigated region, and it could benefit both the emergency ward and the ambulance service, and it could function as infection control for geriatric patients, but more radiographers on staff is required if the service should be functional as a complement to the hip-"fast track". More studies on the subject are required.

IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: A wide generalisation of the results is not applicable in this study, as mobile X-ray and the "hip fast track" is not a widespread service throughout Sweden. This means that this study only suggests trends, which needs to be studied further.

Background

Picture My Participation (PMP) is a valid instrument for measuring participation of children with disabilities, but it has not yet been evaluated for its content validity for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in mainland China.

Aim

To explore the content validity of the simplified Chinese version of PMP (PMP-C; Simplified) for children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children in mainland China.MethodsA sample of children with ASD (n = 63) and TD children (n = 63) recruited through purposive sampling were interviewed using the PMP-C (Simplified), which contains 20 items of everyday activities. Children rated attendance and involvement on all activities and selected three most important activities.

Results

Children with ASD selected 19 of 20 activities as the most important activity while TD children selected 17 activities. Children with ASD used all scale points for rating attendance and involvement on all activities. TD children used all scale points for rating attendance and involvement in 10 and 12 of 20 activities, respectively.

Conclusion

The contents of 20 activities of PMP-C (Simplified) were relevant for all children and especially for children with ASD for assessing participation in community, school and home activities.

Introduction: Mammography screening programs have been implemented in European countries as prevention tools aimed at reducing breast cancer mortality through early detection in asymptomatic women. Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland) demonstrated high participation rates; however, breast cancer mortality could be limited by further optimizing screening. This review aimed to explore factors that affect women's participation in mammography screening in Nordic countries.

Method: A systematic review of segregated mixed research synthesis using a deductive approach was conducted. The following databases and platforms were searched to identify relevant studies: CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOHost), MEDLINE (EBSCOHost), PsycInfo (ProQuest), Scopus (Elsevier) and Web of Science Core Collection (SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, and ESCI). The Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used for quality assessment. The Health Promotion Model was applied to integrate findings from qualitative and qualitative research. All methodological steps followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results: The final selection (16 articles) included studies from three Nordic countries: Denmark (four quantitative studies), Norway (one qualitative and four quantitative studies), and Sweden (three qualitative and seven quantitative studies). Sixty-three factors were identified as barriers, facilitators, or factors with no influence.

Conclusion: A substantial number of obtained factors, spread across a wide spectrum, describe (non-)participation in mammography screening as a versatile phenomenon.

Implications for practice: The findings of this review could benefit the mammography staff and providers regarding possible interventions aimed at improving screening participation rates.

Background: High technological environments can be challenging for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), because they can be sensitive to new environments, new faces and changes in daily routines. Those children are frequent visitors in those settings, and due to their heightened healthcare needs and their comorbidities, it could constitute a challenge for healthcare professionals to encounter those children. Exploring the healthcare professionals' experiences can contribute to facilitate the procedure for a child with ASD. Method: A qualitative descriptive retrospective design with a critical incident technique has been used to capture the situations. Twenty healthcare professionals were interviewed about situations affecting the procedure in the high-technology environments, defined as anaesthesia and radiology departments. Result: The findings revealed both favourable situations and unfavourable situations affecting the procedure in the high-technology environment. The situations described by the healthcare professionals often involved their interactions with the child and the parents. The interactions were influenced by the parents' attitudes to the procedure and also the healthcare professionals and the parents' different expectations on the procedure. Other experiences described by the healthcare professionals were the unpredictability in different situations. Those situations were related to the child's unpredictable behaviour in those environments and also to the unpredictable effect of premedication provided to the child. Moreover, the result revealed the organizational prerequisites for facilitating a procedure, such as not feeling any time pressure when leading a child through a procedure. Conclusions: Interactions between healthcare professionals, children with ASD and parents in the high-technology environment are complex. Unpredictability characterizes situations when leading a child with ASD through a procedure. This place demands on the healthcare professional, the environment and the organization.