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Odzakovic, E., Sandlund, C., Hellström, A., Ulander, M., Blom, K., Jernelöv, S., . . . Broström, A. (2025). Self-care behaviours in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS): development and psychometric testing of the RLS-Self-care Behaviour questionnaire. Journal of Sleep Research, Article ID e14390.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Self-care behaviours in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS): development and psychometric testing of the RLS-Self-care Behaviour questionnaire
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2025 (English)In: Journal of Sleep Research, ISSN 0962-1105, E-ISSN 1365-2869, article id e14390Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a highly prevalent condition that significantly disrupts sleep and causes reduced quality of life. While previous RLS research has mainly focused on the pharmacological treatment, this study presents the first instrument to measure self-care, the RLS-Self-care Behaviour questionnaire (RLS-ScBq). Self-care, defined as an active decision-making process, can empower patients to effectively participate in their own healthcare through awareness, self-control, and self-reliance to cope with their disease. Self-care can in a RLS context include actions such as physical exercise, meditation, and massage. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the psychometric properties of the RLS-ScBq in patients with RLS. A cross-sectional design, including 788 patients with RLS (65% women, mean age 70.8 years, [standard deviation (SD) =11.4]) was used. Sociodemographics, comorbidities, and RLS-related treatment data, including insomnia symptoms (i.e., Insomnia Severity Index), daytime sleepiness (i.e., Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and RLS symptoms (i.e., RLS-6 scale) were collected. The validity and reliability of the RLS-ScBq were investigated using exploratory factor analysis and Rasch models. The two-factor solution (i.e., physical, and mental actions) showed an explained variance of 32.33% for The Self-care Behaviour Frequency part and 36.28% for The Benefit of Self-care Behaviour part. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach's α was 0.57 and 0.60, and McDonald's ω was 0.60 and 0.67, respectively. No differential item functioning was identified for gender, age, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, or RLS severity. The eight-item RLS-ScBq can serve as a tool enabling healthcare personnel to explore use and benefit of self-care activities in patients with RLS.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2025
Keywords
instrument development, psychometrics, restless legs syndrome, self‐care, validity
National Category
Nursing Neurology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-66533 (URN)10.1111/jsr.14390 (DOI)001357297700001 ()39496329 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-105004760229 (Scopus ID)HOA;;981650 (Local ID)HOA;;981650 (Archive number)HOA;;981650 (OAI)
Available from: 2024-11-06 Created: 2024-11-06 Last updated: 2025-05-19Bibliographically approved
Höök, A., Castor, C., Björk, M., Forsgren, E., Muszta, A. & Nilsson, S. (2024). Content validity of the electronic faces thermometer scale for pain in children: is a picture worth more than a thousand words?. Frontiers in Pain Research, 5, Article ID 1372167.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Content validity of the electronic faces thermometer scale for pain in children: is a picture worth more than a thousand words?
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2024 (English)In: Frontiers in Pain Research, ISSN 2673-561X, Vol. 5, article id 1372167Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Early recognition of pain in children is crucial, and their self-report is the primary source of information. However, communication about pain in healthcare settings can be challenging. For non-verbal communication regarding different symptoms, children prefer digital tools. The electronic Faces Thermometer Scale (eFTS) utilizes a universal design with colors, face emojis, and numbers on an 11-point scale (0–10) for pain assessment. The aim of this study was to establish content validity of the eFTS for pain assessments in children. Methods: A mixed methods design was used. The study took place at a university hospital in eastern Sweden, involving 102 children aged 8–17 years who visited outpatient clinics. Participants were presented with 17 pictures representing varying pain levels and asked to assess hypothetical pain using the eFTS. A think-aloud approach was employed, prompting children to verbalize their thoughts about assessments and the eFTS. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics, together with a qualitative approach for analysis of think-aloud conversations. Results: A total of 1,734 assessments of hypothetical pain using the eFTS were conducted. The eFTS differentiated between no pain (level 0–1) and pain (level 2–10). However, no clear agreement was found in the differentiation between hypothetical pain intensity levels (level 2–10). The analysis revealed that children utilized the entire scale, ranging from no pain to high pain, incorporating numbers, colors, and face emojis in their assessments. Discussion: The variability in assessments was influenced by prior experiences, which had an impact on the statistical outcome in our study. However, employing the think-aloud method enhances our understanding of how children utilize the scale and perceive its design, including the incorporation of emotion-laden anchors. Children express a preference for using the eFTS to assess their pain during hospital visits.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2024
Keywords
children, e-health, hypothetical pain, pain assessment, person-centered care, think-aloud
National Category
Nursing Pediatrics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-64144 (URN)10.3389/fpain.2024.1372167 (DOI)001207515500001 ()38665784 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85191320819 (Scopus ID)GOA;;949973 (Local ID)GOA;;949973 (Archive number)GOA;;949973 (OAI)
Funder
Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation, MTI2019-0011, KP2018-0023, PR2020-0026
Available from: 2024-05-07 Created: 2024-05-07 Last updated: 2024-05-07Bibliographically approved
Mårtensson, S., Knutsson, S., Hodges, E. A., Sherwood, G., Broström, A. & Björk, M. (2024). Development of caring behaviour in undergraduate nursing students participating in a caring behaviour course. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 38(1), 47-56
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of caring behaviour in undergraduate nursing students participating in a caring behaviour course
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2024 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 38, no 1, p. 47-56Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: In today's complex healthcare organisations there is an increasing recognition of the need to enhance care quality and patient safety. Nurses' competence in demonstrating caring behaviour during patient encounters affects how patients experience and participate in their care. Nurse educators are faced with the challenge of balancing the demand for increasingly complex knowledge and skills with facilitating students' abilities essential to becoming compassionate and caring nurses.

AIM: The aim was to describe undergraduate nursing students' development of caring behaviour while participating in a caring behaviour course.

METHOD: This pilot study used a quantitative observational design. At a university in Sweden, video-recorded observational data from twenty-five students were collected in the first and last weeks of a full-time five-week Caring Behaviour Course (the CBC). In total, 56-min video-recorded simulation interactions between a student and a standardised patient were coded by a credentialed coder using a timed-event sequential continuous coding method based on the Caring Behaviour Coding Scheme (the CBCS). The CBCS maps the five conceptual domains described in Swanson's Theory of Caring with related sub-domains that align with Swanson's qualities of the Compassionate Healer and the Competent Practitioner. The CBCS contains seventeen verbal and eight non-verbal behavioural codes, categorised as caring or non-caring.

RESULTS: Between the two simulations, most verbal caring behaviours increased, and most non-verbal caring behaviours decreased. Statistically significant differences between the simulations occurred in the sub-domains Avoiding assumptions and Performing competently/skilfully in the quality of the Competent Practitioner. Most observed caring behaviours aligned with the Compassionate Healer.

CONCLUSION: Generally, the students' development of caring behaviours increased while participating in the CBC. Using a structured observational behavioural coding scheme can assist educators in assessing caring behaviour both in education and in practice, supporting caring as the universal foundation of nursing and a key to patient safety.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2024
Keywords
Swanson's theory of caring, caring behaviour, nursing education, observational coding scheme, observational method, simulation, standardised patient
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-61667 (URN)10.1111/scs.13189 (DOI)001019278500001 ()37350361 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85162910262 (Scopus ID)HOA;intsam;888183 (Local ID)HOA;intsam;888183 (Archive number)HOA;intsam;888183 (OAI)
Available from: 2023-06-27 Created: 2023-06-27 Last updated: 2025-01-12Bibliographically approved
Bertills, K. & Björk, M. (2024). Facilitating regular Physical Education for students with disability: PE teachers' views. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, Article ID 1400192.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Facilitating regular Physical Education for students with disability: PE teachers' views
2024 (English)In: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, E-ISSN 2624-9367, Vol. 6, article id 1400192Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: The objective of this study is to describe how Physical Education (PE) teachers work to facilitate participation for students with disability in compulsory, mainstream inclusive, secondary school. Inclusive school-based Physical Education (PE) is an important context for students to share the benefits of physical activities with peers, especially for students with disability whose opportunities for participation in extracurricular physical activity are limited. Methods: Two focus group interviews were performed with eight experienced PE teachers who teach students with disability in regular PE. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interviews. Two themes emerged, the importance of having a structured and welcoming environment and the need to adapt the PE environment. Results: Student mastery experiences is emphasized and achieved by teaching approaches encouraging peer collaboration before physical performance and competition. Key aspects to participation for students with disabilities are inclusive mindsets, proper preparation, and adaptations. Special arrangements when participation in-class is not possible require regular and close teacher-student communication and, when needed, additional support. Discussion: Experiences of participation are important matters for further advancement of equality and social inclusion for students with disability. Schools need to develop support structures to provide students with disability with “real-life” experiences that optimize participation. 2024 Bertills and Björk.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2024
Keywords
disability, inclusion, participation, physical education, secondary school
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-65992 (URN)10.3389/fspor.2024.1400192 (DOI)001290193500001 ()39144156 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85201081097 (Scopus ID)GOA;;966503 (Local ID)GOA;;966503 (Archive number)GOA;;966503 (OAI)
Available from: 2024-08-19 Created: 2024-08-19 Last updated: 2024-08-19Bibliographically approved
Anderzén-Carlsson, A., Huus, K., Björk, M., Warnicke, C. & Wahlqvist, M. (2024). Lived experiences of parents with deafblindness - not 'a walk in the park'. Disability and Rehabilitation, 1-12
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Lived experiences of parents with deafblindness - not 'a walk in the park'
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2024 (English)In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, p. 1-12Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

PURPOSE: To describe how parents with deafblindness experience parenting and family life.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This a qualitative interview study. Fourteen parents with deafblindness were interviewed. Most were mothers (n = 10), with ages ranging between 33 and 57 years (mean 46 years). Interviews were transcribed, and the analysis was done using inductive qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS: The analysis resulted in the overarching theme, 'Living family life as a parent with deafblindness is not a walk in the park, but it is rewarding', and three subthemes, 'Being a competent parent despite having deafblindness', 'Needing support to fulfil my parental obligations' and 'Parenting is a struggle due to my deafblindness'. The results encompass many experiences and feelings and illustrate the complex reality of these parents in their parental role and family life.

CONCLUSION: The parents expressed their joy in being parents, but these feelings were intertwined with negative aspects of being unable to take on the desired responsibility or not receiving the necessary support. When requested, tailored support should be offered from social services, health care and rehabilitation services in order for parents with deafblindness to take on the parental responsibility they want and to be able to actively participate in family life.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2024
Keywords
Deafblindness, disability research, family life, lived experience, needs, parenting
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-66900 (URN)10.1080/09638288.2024.2443566 (DOI)001385044800001 ()39727360 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85213513100 (Scopus ID)HOA;;991258 (Local ID)HOA;;991258 (Archive number)HOA;;991258 (OAI)
Available from: 2025-01-06 Created: 2025-01-06 Last updated: 2025-02-20
Broström, A., Knutsson, S., Björk, M., Odzakovic, E., Hellstrom, A., Sandlund, C., . . . Fridlund, B. (2024). The Ethos Brief Index: a short questionnaire to evaluate wellness in patients with restless legs syndrome. Journal of Sleep Research, 33(Supplement 1), 105-106
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Ethos Brief Index: a short questionnaire to evaluate wellness in patients with restless legs syndrome
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Sleep Research, ISSN 0962-1105, E-ISSN 1365-2869, Vol. 33, no Supplement 1, p. 105-106Article in journal, Meeting abstract (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a highly prevalent (i.e.,3% worldwide prevalence) neurologic, sensory-motor circadianrhythm disorder. The discomfort, described by a forced need to move the limbs, ranges from mild and infrequent to severe and limiting. Sig-nificant long-term sleep problems, tiredness, fatigue, and sleepiness during daytime are common, as well as cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms, can in many cases affect the whole life situation. RLS-specific instruments to evaluate the impact on e.g., symptoms and quality of life exist, but have for various reasons been criticized. An alternative to these instruments could be the Ethos Brief Index (EBI) a eight item questionnaire that evaluates Ethos toward wellness. EBI could if valid and reliable be a comprehensive tool in clinical practice and research. The aim of this study was therefore to validate the EBI in patients with RLS.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2024
National Category
Neurology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-67274 (URN)001319389401210 ()
Available from: 2025-02-10 Created: 2025-02-10 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved
Knutsson, S., Björk, M., Odzakovic, E., Hellstrom, A., Sandlund, C., Ulander, M., . . . Broström, A. (2024). The ethos brief index-validation of a brief questionnaire to evaluate wellness based on a holistic perspective in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep and Breathing, 28, 1781-1791
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The ethos brief index-validation of a brief questionnaire to evaluate wellness based on a holistic perspective in patients with restless legs syndrome
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2024 (English)In: Sleep and Breathing, ISSN 1520-9512, E-ISSN 1522-1709, Vol. 28, p. 1781-1791Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose

The aim of this study was to validate the Ethos Brief Index (EBI) in patients with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).

Methods

A cross-sectional design, including 788 subjects with RLS (65% women, 70.8 years, SD 11.3) from the Swedish RLS Association, was used. A postal survey was sent out to collect data regarding socio demographics, comorbidities, and RLS-related treatment data. Questionnaires included were EBI, the Restless Legs Syndrome-6 Scale (RLS-6), Restless Legs Syndrome-Quality of Life questionnaire (RLSQoL), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The validity and reliability of the EBI were investigated using Rasch and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models. Measurement invariance, unidimensionality, and differential item functioning (DIF) across age and gender groups, as well as insomnia, daytime sleepiness, RLS-related QoL and RLS severity were assessed.

Results

The results supported the unidimensionality of the EBI in the CFA (i.e., explaining 61.5% of the variance) and the Rasch model. The reliability of the EBI was confirmed using composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha. No DIF was identified for gender, age, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, RLS severity or RLS-related QoL.

Conclusion

The EBI showed good validity and reliability and operated equivalently for male and female patients with RLS. Accordingly, healthcare professionals can use the EBI as a psychometrically sound tool to explore and identify patient-centered problems related to the whole life situation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2024
Keywords
Restless legs syndrome, Sleep, Validity, Reliability, Ethos
National Category
Neurology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-64313 (URN)10.1007/s11325-024-03058-5 (DOI)001220948900001 ()38740633 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85192879035 (Scopus ID)HOA;;953038 (Local ID)HOA;;953038 (Archive number)HOA;;953038 (OAI)
Funder
The Kamprad Family Foundation, 20223144Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS), 969214
Available from: 2024-05-27 Created: 2024-05-27 Last updated: 2024-08-16Bibliographically approved
Hellström, A., Pakpour, A. H., Odzakovic, E., Björk, M., Ulander, M., Knutsson, S., . . . Broström, A. (2024). The psychometric properties of the Pearlin Mastery Scale in persons living with restless legs syndrome. PLOS ONE, 19(10), Article ID e0311259.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The psychometric properties of the Pearlin Mastery Scale in persons living with restless legs syndrome
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2024 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 19, no 10, article id e0311259Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an urge to move arms and legs, commonly combined with distress, pain and motor restlessness. It can cause fragmented sleep, daytime symptoms, and decreased quality of life. Pharmacological treatment can suppress symptoms, but not cure. When challenged with illness, people may turn to their inner psychological resources such as self-esteem and mastery. The Pearlin Mastery scale was developed to study stress and coping, is commonly used in people with chronic illnesses, however, not yet validated in people with RLS. Aim The aim was to test reliability and construct validity of the Pearlin Mastery Scale in persons with RLS. Methods A cross-sectional postal survey including the Pearlin Mastery Scale, Restless Legs Syndrome-6 Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Patient Health Questionnaire was sent out to members (n = 1500) of the national RLS association and 788 (52.5%) agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using classical test theory, Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch measurement theory analysis. Hypothesis testing for construct validity was done by bivariate correlation analyses. Results Most respondents were women (65%), retired (71%) and had a mean-age of 70.8 years (SD 11.4). The 7-item version of the Pearlin Mastery Scale showed poor fit to the one factor model. After omitting the two positively worded items (i.e., item 4 and 6), the 5-item version was found to be unidimensional, with satisfactory internal consistency. However, all items showed considerable ceiling effects. No measurement variance was seen regarding age-groups or sex. Higher level of mastery was moderately correlated with less depressive symptoms but only weakly correlated to RLS-related sleep problems. Conclusion The 5-item version of the Pearlin Mastery Scale is suggested to be used in persons with RLS due to its acceptable psychometric properties. The instrument could be applied as an outcome measure for behavioral change interventions aiming to support mastery in RLS.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2024
Keywords
Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Reproducibility of Results, Restless Legs Syndrome, Surveys and Questionnaires, dopamine receptor stimulating agent, hypnotic agent, opiate, Article, behavior change, confirmatory factor analysis, cross-sectional study, depression, disease assessment, drug therapy, human, internal consistency, iron deficiency, iron therapy, kidney disease, major clinical study, migraine, multiple sclerosis, outcome assessment, Parkinson disease, patient health questionnaire, pearlin mastery scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, psychological rating scale, psychometric property, psychometry, Rasch analysis, restless legs syndrome 6 scale, sleep disorder, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, sleep quality, sleep time, somnolence, test retest reliability, psychological adjustment, psychology, questionnaire, reproducibility
National Category
Neurology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-66416 (URN)10.1371/journal.pone.0311259 (DOI)001326967600016 ()39352914 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85205431919 (Scopus ID)GOA;;1905441 (Local ID)GOA;;1905441 (Archive number)GOA;;1905441 (OAI)
Funder
The Kamprad Family Foundation, 20223144Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS), 969214Futurum - Academy for Health and Care, Jönköping County Council, Sweden, 969862
Available from: 2024-10-14 Created: 2024-10-14 Last updated: 2024-10-21Bibliographically approved
Björk, M., Knutsson, S., Odzakovic, E., Hellström, A., Sandlund, C., Ulander, M., . . . Broström, A. (2024). Validation of two brief instruments (the SURE and CollaboRATE) to measure shared decision-making in patients with restless legs syndrome. Journal of Sleep Research, 33(4), Article ID e14071.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Validation of two brief instruments (the SURE and CollaboRATE) to measure shared decision-making in patients with restless legs syndrome
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Sleep Research, ISSN 0962-1105, E-ISSN 1365-2869, Vol. 33, no 4, article id e14071Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder characterised by an urge to move arms and legs, usually associated with discomfort, pain, motor restlessness, and sleep disturbance. An individually adapted treatment is needed but difficult to optimise, which makes shared decision-making (SDM) important. However, brief validated instruments on how patients with RLS perceive their involvement in treatment decisions are lacking. Therefore, the aim was to validate two instruments, SURE (Sure of myself, Understand information, Risk–benefit ratio, Encouragement, i.e., to assess decisional conflict) and CollaboRATE (brief patient survey focused on SDM, i.e., to assess SDM), in patients with RLS. A cross-sectional design, including 788 participants with RLS (65% females, mean [SD] age 70.8 [11.4] years) from a national patient organisation for RLS, was used. A postal survey was sent out to collect data regarding weight, height, comorbidities, demographics, and RLS-related treatment data. The following instruments were included: the SURE, CollaboRATE, Restless Legs Syndrome-6 Scale, and eHealth Literacy Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch models were used to assess the validity and reliability of the SURE and CollaboRATE. Measurement invariance, unidimensionality, and differential item functioning (DIF) across age, gender, and medication groups were assessed. The SURE and CollaboRATE were both identified as unidimensional instruments with satisfactory internal consistency. No DIF across age and gender was identified, while significant DIF was observed for both the SURE and CollaboRATE regarding medication use categories. However, both the SURE and CollaboRATE are potential instruments to be used in research, but also as reflection tools by healthcare professionals, patients, and students to explore and assess SDM, and support its development in clinical care.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2024
Keywords
confirmatory factor analysis, decisional conflict, restless legs syndrome, shared decision-making, sleep, validity
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-62886 (URN)10.1111/jsr.14071 (DOI)001096207800001 ()37909257 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85175544341 (Scopus ID)HOA;;915772 (Local ID)HOA;;915772 (Archive number)HOA;;915772 (OAI)
Funder
Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS), 969214The Kamprad Family Foundation, 20223144
Note

With members of the Jönköping University (JU) Sleep Well Research Group.

Available from: 2023-11-15 Created: 2023-11-15 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Silivri, M., Wirf, T., Hodges, E. A., Fredholm, Y. S. & Björk, M. (2023). Conversations About Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights-From a School Nurse Perspective. Journal of School Nursing, 39(5), 406-414
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conversations About Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights-From a School Nurse Perspective
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2023 (English)In: Journal of School Nursing, ISSN 1059-8405, E-ISSN 1546-8364, Vol. 39, no 5, p. 406-414Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Students have the right to receive education about sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). The United Nations Agenda 2030 for sustainable development includes goals regarding SRHR, including the right to universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services and gender equality. The study used a qualitative design with an inductive approach. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. The results are presented in three categories and nine subcategories. The categories were "having an open attitude," "organizational prerequisites," and "challenging tasks." An open attitude was required to create confidence for both school nurses and students in SRHR conversations. Organizational prerequisites, such as planning SRHR education with others, were successful. Multicultural meetings and conversations regarding gender identity and sexual orientation were challenging tasks. Increased knowledge of SRHR and national standardized guidelines are suggested to achieve Agenda 2030 SRHR goals and to ensure equity in school health care.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2023
Keywords
qualitative research, school health service, sexual and reproductive health, health promotion
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54284 (URN)10.1177/10598405211029252 (DOI)000683967900001 ()34369177 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85112357751 (Scopus ID)HOA;intsam;758511 (Local ID)HOA;intsam;758511 (Archive number)HOA;intsam;758511 (OAI)
Available from: 2021-08-19 Created: 2021-08-19 Last updated: 2023-09-12Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-6419-2417

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