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Säfsten, K., Elgh, F., Stolt, R., Linneusson, G. & Johansson, J. (2024). Supporting Transdisciplinary Research: Combining Design Research with Interactive Research. In: A. Cooper, F. Trigos, J. Stjepandić, R. Curran, I. Lazar (Ed.), Engineering For Social Change: Proceedings of the 31st ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, London, United Kingdom, 9-11 July 2024. Paper presented at The 31st ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, London, United Kingdom, 9-11 July 2024 (pp. 278-287). IOS Press, 60
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Supporting Transdisciplinary Research: Combining Design Research with Interactive Research
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2024 (English)In: Engineering For Social Change: Proceedings of the 31st ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, London, United Kingdom, 9-11 July 2024 / [ed] A. Cooper, F. Trigos, J. Stjepandić, R. Curran, I. Lazar, IOS Press, 2024, Vol. 60, p. 278-287Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In this paper, a work procedure developed to support the collaboration and progress in the research project IDEAL - Integrated product and production platforms supporting agile and demand-driven industrial product realisation - is presented and its functionality discussed. The research project involved in total 13 researchers, five manufacturing companies and one software supplier. The research project was organised in four sub-projects, covering various aspects of a joint research question. The project started in April 2020 and ended in January 2024. The work procedure, called the ´IDEAL work procedure´, was developed based on the overall principles from interactive research combined with the framework for design research methodology (DRM). The developed work procedure provided a structure for the project, connecting the four subprojects, and thereby supported fulfilment of the joint research question. During the research project, the functionality of the ´IDEAL work procedure´ has been assessed in different ways, both in terms of how it was perceived and to what extent the planned results have been achieved. During the project we have carried out workshops to follow-up on the progress and the work procedure. In addition, follow-up interviews have been conducted with participants from involved companies. The results from the different assessment activities are synthesised and presented in this paper. To expand the applicability of the ´IDEAL work procedure´, the potential of the procedure to support transdisciplinary research is elaborated on in this paper.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press, 2024
Series
Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, ISSN 2352-751X, E-ISSN 2352-7528 ; 60
Keywords
collaborative research, industry-academia collaboration, learning process, transdisciplinary engineering, transdisciplinary research, Design research, Follow up, Integrated production, Research questions, Work procedure
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-67162 (URN)10.3233/ATDE240870 (DOI)2-s2.0-85215507139 (Scopus ID)978-1-64368-550-2 (ISBN)
Conference
The 31st ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, London, United Kingdom, 9-11 July 2024
Available from: 2025-01-30 Created: 2025-01-30 Last updated: 2025-01-30Bibliographically approved
Poorkiany, M., Johansson, J. & Elgh, F. (2021). Capturing and Sharing Design Rationale for Customized Design Variants in an Integrated Design Environment. In: Proceedings of CAD’21, Barcelona, Spain, July 5-7, 2021: . Paper presented at CAD’21, Barcelona, Spain, July 5-7, 2021 (pp. 339-343). El Paso, TX, USA: CAD Solutions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Capturing and Sharing Design Rationale for Customized Design Variants in an Integrated Design Environment
2021 (English)In: Proceedings of CAD’21, Barcelona, Spain, July 5-7, 2021, El Paso, TX, USA: CAD Solutions , 2021, p. 339-343Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

From the Introduction: Some companies represent their product family design as a space of design alternatives. The design space is a mathematical space that is governed by applying a set of design rules to design parameters. A key principle in establishing a design space instead of developing a single solution is to put minimum requirements for design optimization in the early stages of development. Developing a new design variant requires understanding the base design and adapting the design according to the new requirements. Use of design rationale can provide such understanding. With increasing the number of variants, access to design rationale becomes more important. Understanding why a design variant was accepted and if there have been any other alternatives in the beginning but were rejected (due to functionality or manufacturing limitations) can help the designers to avoid developing new design variants that have previously been proven wrong. Or it can support the designers to propose design variants that can be accepted under specific conditions for unique customers. The repetitive and time consuming design activities can be assigned to design automation systems in order to increase efficiency and shorten the lead time. The use of design automation system is more vital when the number of design variants drastically increase. Use of Domain Specific Language (DSL) can amplify the applicability of the design automation system by targeting specific domains. A DSL is a computer language that is developed focusing on a particular application domain [3] (some DSLs are widespread such as SQL which is used for database querying, but many are note widespread).

In this paper, a method is presented for capturing and sharing design rationale for each design variant in an integrated design environment. An argumentation-based approach is used for capturing design rationale. An industrial partner which has a long tradition in automating its design process has been involved in the research, and the results of the research have been tested and evaluated in the company. In total, 11 workshops, 15 meetings and more than 20 semi-structured interviews with engineers from different departments in the company were conducted. A method and prototype system were developed to enable capture and share design rationale. The prototype system was demonstrated for a group of engineers on-site and a group of designers across the globe as part of the development. DSL is used initially by the company to develop the automation system. Our proposed design rationale system was developed as an extension to the automation system. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
El Paso, TX, USA: CAD Solutions, 2021
Keywords
Design Rationale, Customized Design Variants, Design Space, Design Automation System, Domain Specific Language
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54328 (URN)10.14733/cadconfP.2021.339-343 (DOI)
Conference
CAD’21, Barcelona, Spain, July 5-7, 2021
Note

CAD'21 was planned to be held in Barelona, July 5-7, 2021. Due to COVID-19, it was moved online.

Available from: 2021-08-25 Created: 2021-08-25 Last updated: 2021-08-25Bibliographically approved
Heikkinen, T., Johansson, J. & Elgh, F. (2020). Multidisciplinary design automation – A conceptual framework for working with product model extensions. International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, 13(1), 28-47
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multidisciplinary design automation – A conceptual framework for working with product model extensions
2020 (English)In: International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, ISSN 1741-9174, E-ISSN 1741-9182, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 28-47Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Design automation can be used to support efficient information handling and knowledge processing in computer-based product modelling, as well as make possible new design exploration and optimisation capabilities. To be able to utilise and manage design automation systems over time, it is important to understand how the disciplinary methods and models are dependent on each other through the product model constituents and then how these relations should be built to support maintenance, leveraging and future reuse. Awareness of the concrete representation of relations could support the system's traceability and transparency, and depending on the chosen technique, comprehension and extendability can be affected. This paper presents a conceptual framework for how a set of product model constituents are, can and to some extent, should be extended to define relations in multidisciplinary design automation systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
InderScience Publishers, 2020
Keywords
multidisciplinary design automation, system relations, extended product model
National Category
Software Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48007 (URN)10.1504/IJASM.2020.105866 (DOI)2-s2.0-85082331624 (Scopus ID)PPembargo12;;1416309 (Local ID)PPembargo12;;1416309 (Archive number)PPembargo12;;1416309 (OAI)
Note

Included in thesis in manuscript form.

Available from: 2020-03-23 Created: 2020-03-23 Last updated: 2023-09-11Bibliographically approved
Elgh, F. & Johansson, J. (2020). Traceability in engineer-to-order businesses. In: J. Stjepandić, N. Wognum & W. J. C. Verhagen (Ed.), Systems engineering in research and industrial practice: Foundations, developments and challenges (pp. 115-145). Cham: Springer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Traceability in engineer-to-order businesses
2020 (English)In: Systems engineering in research and industrial practice: Foundations, developments and challenges / [ed] J. Stjepandić, N. Wognum & W. J. C. Verhagen, Cham: Springer, 2020, p. 115-145Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A rapidly growing strategy in product design and manufacture, with great potential to improve customer value, is mass-customization. The main idea is to divide the product into modules that can be shared among different product variants. This will support a wide range of options for the end customer to select among, while an internal efficiency, similar to mass-production, can be achieved. This has been a success for many companies acting on the consumer market. However, many manufacturing companies are engineer-to-order (ETO) oriented, such as original equipment suppliers (OES). They design a unique solution, often in close collaboration with other companies. The solution can then be manufactured in different quantities depending on the client’s need. For these companies, there is a strategic need for developing high quality engineering support to further utilize and exploit the information and knowledge produced during product development and to succeed with a strategy influenced by the principles of mass-customization. This has to include the implementation and management of systems enabling highly custom-engineered products to be efficiently designed and manufactured. One challenge when introducing such flexible support is to enable traceability of decisions taken, tasks executed, knowledge used and artefacts developed throughout the whole lifecycle of an individual product. In this chapter, it is shown that traceability can be achieved by introducing support for capturing, structuring and mapping between decisions and resulting outputs, such as geometrical building blocks, knowledge implemented as rules, and the argumentation for the selection, design and specification of these. Three examples are presented where the concept Design Description has been modelled based on an item-oriented, a task-oriented, and a decision-oriented perspective which show the generality of the Design Description concept. The three examples demonstrate how to use the Design Description to enable traceability in platform design, product design, and manufacturing development processes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham: Springer, 2020
Keywords
Customization, Engineer-to-order, Product platform, Traceability, Design rationale
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46782 (URN)10.1007/978-3-030-33312-6_5 (DOI)2-s2.0-85089047643 (Scopus ID)978-3-030-33311-9 (ISBN)978-3-030-33312-6 (ISBN)
Available from: 2019-11-05 Created: 2019-11-05 Last updated: 2020-08-20Bibliographically approved
Raudberget, D., Elgh, F., Stolt, R., Johansson, J. & Lennartsson, M. (2019). Developing agile platform assets: exploring ways to reach beyond modularisation at five product development companies. International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, 12(4), 311-331
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Developing agile platform assets: exploring ways to reach beyond modularisation at five product development companies
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2019 (English)In: International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, ISSN 1741-9174, E-ISSN 1741-9182, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 311-331Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The use of a product platform has been acknowledged as a strategic enabler for product family development and mass customisation. However, many companies struggle with adopting the common platform approach building upon pre-defined modules and components as it constrains the fulfilment of unique customer requirements and a rapid introduction of new technologies. These are the conditions under which manufacturing companies acting as suppliers operates, where unique solutions are delivered to different business customers, market segments or brands. This work reports the results from case studies of platform development conducted in collaboration with five product developing and manufacturing companies. The focus of this paper is on their initial states; including how they work with their product concept before a development project is started, the character of requirements and the adoption of product platforms. The main contribution of this work is a presentation of criteria on, and identification of, new platform elements termed design assets. These are introduced as a means to enable diverse types of resources to be reused in a company and a pragmatic way to bridge the gap between the physical products and the knowledge, tools and methods needed to realise these.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
InderScience Publishers, 2019
Keywords
modularisation, platform, customisation, supplier, design asset, platform element, industrial collaboration, case study, engineer-to-order, ETO.
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47359 (URN)10.1504/IJASM.2019.104588 (DOI)2-s2.0-85078399603 (Scopus ID)PPembargo12;;1385120 (Local ID)PPembargo12;;1385120 (Archive number)PPembargo12;;1385120 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-01-13 Created: 2020-01-13 Last updated: 2023-09-11Bibliographically approved
Poorkiany, M. & Johansson, J. (2019). Integrating knowledge objects and design descriptions to support maintenance of design automation systems. In: K. Hiekata, B. Moser, M. Inoue, J. Stjepandić, & N. Wognum (Ed.), Transdisciplinary engineering for complex socio-technical systems: Proceedings of the 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, July 30 – August 1, 2019. Paper presented at 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, July 30 – August 1, 2019, Tokyo, Japan (pp. 561-570). IOS Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Integrating knowledge objects and design descriptions to support maintenance of design automation systems
2019 (English)In: Transdisciplinary engineering for complex socio-technical systems: Proceedings of the 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, July 30 – August 1, 2019 / [ed] K. Hiekata, B. Moser, M. Inoue, J. Stjepandić, & N. Wognum, IOS Press, 2019, p. 561-570Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Design automation systems are implemented by many manufacturing companies to automate the repetitive and time-consuming design tasks. By automating such tasks, the designers have more time to focus on creativity and offer more customized solutions to the customers.

To automate a design task, first, the design knowledge should be captured from designers. This type of knowledge which is usually understandable by humans should be structured and formalized. Next, computer codes and scripts (that are mostly understandable by computers/expert persons) are created to execute the knowledge and provide the desired output.

To support maintenance of computer codes and scripts in a design automation system, it is necessary to know what, how and why about that piece of code/script. In order to support maintenance of the systems, we represent the system’s knowledge in form of knowledge objects. Knowledge objects are executed in run time and consist of two parts: computer readable and human readable. The focus in this paper is on the human readable which we call it “design description”. A MOKA-based framework is provided to create design descriptions for the computer readable parts. The design descriptions help engineers to understand and if needed update the computer readable parts, which in a wider aspect support maintenance of the whole system. E-books were used as a way to represent the design descriptions and a case study is provided to explore the results of the research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press, 2019
Series
Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, ISSN 2352-751X, E-ISSN 2352-7528 ; 10
Keywords
Design Description, Knowledge Object, Design Automation, Design Rationale, MOKA
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46764 (URN)10.3233/ATDE190164 (DOI)000544261400057 ()2-s2.0-85082528647 (Scopus ID)978-1-64368-020-0 (ISBN)978-1-64368-021-7 (ISBN)
Conference
26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, July 30 – August 1, 2019, Tokyo, Japan
Available from: 2019-11-04 Created: 2019-11-04 Last updated: 2020-08-17Bibliographically approved
Johansson, J. & Poorkiany, M. (2019). Integrating knowledge objects and e-books to support six roles in the design automation life-cycle. In: K. Hiekata, B. Moser, M. Inoue, J. Stjepandić, & N. Wognum (Ed.), Transdisciplinary engineering for complex socio-technical systems: Proceedings of the 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, July 30 – August 1, 2019. Paper presented at 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, July 30 – August 1, 2019, Tokyo, Japan (pp. 571-580). IOS Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Integrating knowledge objects and e-books to support six roles in the design automation life-cycle
2019 (English)In: Transdisciplinary engineering for complex socio-technical systems: Proceedings of the 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, July 30 – August 1, 2019 / [ed] K. Hiekata, B. Moser, M. Inoue, J. Stjepandić, & N. Wognum, IOS Press, 2019, p. 571-580Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Knowledge objects are used to automate engineering processes in a flexible and scalable way. The focus of knowledge objects has been the automation of engineering design. However, in this paper we present a way to integrate knowledge objects into e-books so that formalized engineering knowledge can be read by any stakeholder and still be automatically applied by the system from the same file. The paper shows how different stakeholders throughout the life-cycle of a design automation system benefit from the knowledge object and e-book integration, how the integration is done and an example where the integration was applied. The example is a real example from industry.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press, 2019
Series
Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, ISSN 2352-751X, E-ISSN 2352-7528 ; 10
Keywords
Knowledge Based Engineering, Design Automation, Design Rationale, Knowledge Management, e-Book
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46775 (URN)10.3233/ATDE190165 (DOI)000544261400058 ()2-s2.0-85082521436 (Scopus ID)978-1-64368-020-0 (ISBN)978-1-64368-021-7 (ISBN)
Conference
26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, July 30 – August 1, 2019, Tokyo, Japan
Available from: 2019-11-05 Created: 2019-11-05 Last updated: 2020-08-17Bibliographically approved
Johansson, J. & Elgh, F. (2019). Knowledge objects enable mass-individualization. In: Andrés-Pérez E., González L., Periaux J., Gauger N., Quagliarella D., Giannakoglou K. (Ed.), Andrés-Pérez E., González L., Periaux J., Gauger N., Quagliarella D., Giannakoglou K. (Ed.), Evolutionary and Deterministic Methods for Design Optimization and Control With Applications to Industrial and Societal Problems.: (pp. 371-386). Cham: Springer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Knowledge objects enable mass-individualization
2019 (English)In: Evolutionary and Deterministic Methods for Design Optimization and Control With Applications to Industrial and Societal Problems. / [ed] Andrés-Pérez E., González L., Periaux J., Gauger N., Quagliarella D., Giannakoglou K., Cham: Springer , 2019, p. 371-386Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Mass customization and product individualization are driving factors behind design automation, which in turn are enabled through the formalization and automation of engineering work. The goal is to offer customers optimized solutions to their needs timely and as profitable as possible. The path to achieve such a remarkable goal can be very winding and tricky for many companies, or even non-existing at the moment being. To succeed requires three essential parts: formally represented product knowledge, facilities to automatically apply the product knowledge, and optimization algorithms. This paper shows how these three parts can be supported in engineer-to-order businesses through the concept of knowledge objects. Knowledge Objects are human readable descriptions of formalized knowledge bundled with corresponding computer routines for the automation of that knowledge. One case example is given at the end of the paper to demonstrate the use of knowledge objects. © 2019, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham: Springer, 2019
Series
Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, ISSN 1871-3033, E-ISSN 2543-0203 ; 49
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41473 (URN)10.1007/978-3-319-89890-2_24 (DOI)2-s2.0-85053005051 (Scopus ID)978-3-319-89889-6 (ISBN)978-3-319-89890-2 (ISBN)
Available from: 2018-09-18 Created: 2018-09-18 Last updated: 2019-02-14Bibliographically approved
Poorkiany, M., Johansson, J. & Elgh, F. (2019). Support reuse and maintenance of design information in a development process of custom engineered product. In: : . Paper presented at 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 16-19 December 2018, Bangkok, Thailand (pp. 1816-1820). IEEE, Article ID 8607661.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Support reuse and maintenance of design information in a development process of custom engineered product
2019 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In this paper a method is introduced that supports reuse and maintenance of design information. The method allows sharing design information in different levels of details tailored for the stakeholders according to their needs. In addition, it is possible to share the information in multiple formats to suite different purposes. The results are demonstrated in an industrial partner which is a supplier of tooling for manufacturing industry.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2019
Series
IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, E-ISSN 2157-3611
Keywords
design information, design reuse, design maintenance, design rationale
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-42449 (URN)10.1109/IEEM.2018.8607661 (DOI)000458674600362 ()2-s2.0-85061806965 (Scopus ID)9781538667866 (ISBN)
Conference
2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 16-19 December 2018, Bangkok, Thailand
Available from: 2019-01-07 Created: 2019-01-07 Last updated: 2019-03-13Bibliographically approved
Jansson, J., Gustafsson, T., Salomonsson, K., Olofsson, J., Johansson, J., Appelsved, P. & Palm, M. (2018). An anisotropic non-linear material model for glass fibre reinforced plastics. Composite structures, 195, 93-98
Open this publication in new window or tab >>An anisotropic non-linear material model for glass fibre reinforced plastics
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2018 (English)In: Composite structures, ISSN 0263-8223, E-ISSN 1879-1085, Vol. 195, p. 93-98Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper aims to present a methodology to predict the anisotropic and non-linear behaviour of glass fibre reinforced plastics using finite element methods. A material model is implemented in order to remedy the need of multiple material definitions, and to control the local plastic behaviour as a function of the fibre orientation. Injection moulding simulations traditionally provide second order orientation tensors, which are considered together with a homogenization scheme to compute local material properties. However, in the present study, fourth order tensors are used in combination with traditional methods to provide more accurate material properties. The elastic and plastic response of the material model is optimized to fit experimental test data, until simulations and experiments overlap. The proposed material model can support design engineers in making more informed decisions, allowing them to create smarter products without the need of excessive safety factors, leading to reduced component weight and environmental impact. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2018
Keywords
Calibration, Fibre orientation, GFRP, Local material properties, Anisotropy, Elastomers, Environmental impact, Finite element method, Glass fibers, Injection molding, Product design, Reinforced plastics, Reinforcement, Safety factor, Tensors, Fourth-order tensors, Homogenization scheme, Multiple materials, Nonlinear behaviours, Nonlinear materials, Fiber reinforced plastics
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39386 (URN)10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.04.044 (DOI)000432491400009 ()2-s2.0-85045766757 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2018-05-09 Created: 2018-05-09 Last updated: 2021-09-28Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-1162-724x

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